Turcica, Том 27Éditions Klincksieck, 1995 |
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Страница 137
teenth century , however , officers had entered the ranks of rural tax farm- ers ; they were encouraged in this venture by the Ottoman government's introduction of the heritable life - tenure tax farm , known as malikane , at the end of ...
teenth century , however , officers had entered the ranks of rural tax farm- ers ; they were encouraged in this venture by the Ottoman government's introduction of the heritable life - tenure tax farm , known as malikane , at the end of ...
Страница 151
... century had achieved a preponderance among both the regiments and the beyli- cate . At the same time , their leverage with the Chief Black Eunuch seems to have extended far beyond mere control of Evkâf - related tax farms50 . By the ...
... century had achieved a preponderance among both the regiments and the beyli- cate . At the same time , their leverage with the Chief Black Eunuch seems to have extended far beyond mere control of Evkâf - related tax farms50 . By the ...
Страница 288
... century , the Ottoman state was on the whole more successful than its European competitors , while in the eighteenth century , the balance began to tip the other way . Mil- itary success , as well as its opposite , had economic reasons ...
... century , the Ottoman state was on the whole more successful than its European competitors , while in the eighteenth century , the balance began to tip the other way . Mil- itary success , as well as its opposite , had economic reasons ...
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