Progress of the War Recording Campaigns on All Fronts and Collateral Events CAMPAIGN IN EASTERN EUROPE Sept. 12-Russians near the Bukowina border drive Teutons from several heights in the Bialy-Cheremosh region. Sept. 15-Rumanians in Transylvania commence an advance across the Aluta River; Teutons recapture positions lost west of Kapul in the Carpathians. Sept. 16-Russians resume closing-in movement on Halicz; Teutons dislodged from positions south of Brzezany; Rumanians in Transylvania occupy Fogaras. Sept. 17-19-Germans recover territory lost near Halicz and drive back Russians on the Vladimir-Volynski and Sereth River fronts. Sept. 20-Austrians recapture Szurduk Pass in Transylvania. Sept. 21-Teutons in Transylvania occupy heights on both sides of Vulcan Pass; Germans in Volhynia assault Russian Stokhod positions near the Kovel-Rovno railroad. the summit of Sept. 22-Russians occupy Smotrec in the Carpathians but are repulsed on the Stokhod. Sept. 26-Rumanians again occupy the heights both sides of Szurduk and Vulcan Passes. on Sept. 28-30-Germans win three-day battle at Hermannstadt, driving the Rumanian troops into the mountains. Oct. 1-Russians begin another strong offensive north and south of Lemberg. Oct. 3-Germans take offensive south of Dvinsk, attacking the Russians near Novo Alexandrovsk. Oct. 5-Rumanians carry Parajd in Transylvania after three days' fighting. are Oct. 6-Rumanians withdraw from the region of Fogaras, in Transylvania, and forced back over the Alt and Homorod Rivers. Oct 8-Austro-Germans recapture Kronstadt and force entire Rumanian line to retreat in Transylvania. Oct. 9-Teutons continue advance in Transylvania, capturing the town of Toerzvar and an island in the Danube. Oct. 10-Rumanians in Transylvania driven from passes in the Hargitta and Carole Mountains. Oct. 11-Invasion of Rumania begun by Austro-German troops; Rumanians defeated in the Alt Valley. Sept. carry CAMPAIGN IN WESTERN EUROPE the Somme 12-13-French on trenches from Béthune to Peronne and close in on Combles. Sept. 15-British pierce German lines on six- Sept. 17-French smash German lines south Ginchy Les Sept. 26-Allies take Combles, Thiepval, and Sept. 28-British capture the greater part of a on Oct. 4-British troops north of the Somme complete the capture of Eaucourt l'Abbaye. for ten Oct. 7-British break the German line from of the Bapaume Road southeast northeast miles; Morval. French advance Oct. 8-Allies beat off German attacks nea. BALKAN CAMPAIGN Sept. 12-French capture two miles of Bulgar ཨ Bulgars west of Lake Ostrov feat them near Kaimakcalan. Sept. 18-Russian and French forces occ Florina. Sept. 19-Serbs fight on their own soil, capture Krushegrad and Neokazi, north of Florina, and take the highest summit of the Kaimakcalan Range north of Lake Ostrovo; Teutons pierce new Rumanian line in Dobrudja. Sept. 20-Bulgars evacuate Viglista and fall back on Svesda to defend Monastir; Rumanians check the Teutons in Dobrudja. Sept. 21-Rumanians resume the offensive in Dobrudja and drive Teuton and Bulgar forces back toward the Bulgarian frontier. Sept. 22-Serbs on the Brod River advance Oct. 10-Italians storm Austrian positions on to Urbani. Sept. 24-British occupy Jenmita on the west bank of the Struma and attack KaraDzakovbala; Serbs begin attack at Starkovgrob. Oct. 1-British break Bulgarian line on the Struma south of Orljak and take two fortified villages. Oct. 2-Rumanian troops cross the Danube and invade Bulgaria between the fortress of Rustchuk and Tutrakan, flanking Mackensen's army; Serbs occupy the village of Kotchovie, north of Kaimakcalan. Oct. 3-Bulgars abandon their line along the Brod River and in the region of Starkovgrob and are retreating northward. Oct. 4-Rumanians that flanked Mackensen forced by encircling attack to retreat back into Rumania; Serbs cross the Cerna River and reach the Monastir Railroad. Oct. Allies occupy two more villages on the way to Monastir; British gain the whole of Yenikeui. Oct. 6-British occupy village of Nevolyen. Oct. 7-French troops on the Macedonian front occupy the town of German on Lake Presba; British occupy five villages on the east bank of the Struma; Russians take Kara Baka and Besaul in Dobrujda. Oct. 8-French take the Baba Mountains and occupy Kisovo; Serbs push on toward Monastir. Oct. 9-Serbs cross the Cerna River in two places; British take three more villages on the Struma front. Oct. 10-British occupy five more villages on the Struma front and force Bulgars to retreat to the hills northwest of Seres; Italian Army from Avlona resumes advance in Albania along the road to Monastir. Oct. 11-British take two more towns; French take the first line on the Doiran front. ITALIAN CAMPAIGN Sept. 12-Italians beat off Austrian attacks between Vallarsa and the head of the Posina Valley. Sept. 14-Italians take important positions in the Zara Valley. Sept. 15-Italians begin new offensive on the Isonzo front, with Trieste as the objective. Sept. 16-Italians take important positions on the way to Trieste in the Carso region. Sept. 22-Austrians blow up the summit of Monte Cimone. Sept. 25-Italians storm the peak of Monte Cauriol. Sept. 26-Austrian counterattacks on Monte Oct. 4-Austrians repulsed in the Travignolo- Oct. 7-Italians seize a mountain peak over 8,000 feet high at the head of the Vanoi Cismon Valley. the slopes of Monte Pasubio and advance toward Rovereto. Oct. 11-Italians break Austrian lines north of the Vepacco River and advance in the Trentino south of Rovereto to the southern slopes of Mount Roite. ASIA MINOR AND EGYPT Sept. 12-Turks check Russian offensive in the Ognott sector of Turkish Armenia. Oct. 5-Russians suddenly resume their offensive west of Trebizond and capture a strongly fortified position in the River Kara Burnu region. Oct. 7-Russians capture fortifications of Petra Kala on the Black Sea coast, fortyfive miles west of Trebizond. Oct. 11-Russians in the Caucasus dislodge Turks from mountain slopes and gain the right bank of the River Karshutdarasi. AERIAL RECORD In two days of unusual activity on the western front, Sept. 23 and 24, fifty-two aeroplanes were destroyed in France. The Germans brought down twenty-four, the Allies twenty-eight. A fleet of twelve Zeppelins attacked the eastern counties of England on the night of Sept. 23. Two machines were brought down, thirty-eight persons were killed and 125 hurt. On the night of the 25th a fleet of seven Zeppelins made another raid, killing thirty-six persons and injuring twenty-seven. A third raid was made in the early morning of Oct. 1, and another Zeppelin was brought down. One man was killed. NAVAL RECORD Thirty-six vessels, belligerent and neutral, have been sunk in the war zone during the month, in addition to eleven British fishing steamers and eleven Belgian lighters. The Cunard liner Franconia, used for transport duty, was torpedoed in the Mediterranean Sea. The French auxiliary cruiser Gallia, used as a transport, has been sunk by a submarine. Two German submarines were sunk in the Arctic Ocean on Oct. 9 by a Russian torpedo boat, following an attack on the Russian wireless station at Sepnavolak. The German submarine U-53 entered the harbor of Newport on the afternoon of Oct. 7, stayed a few hours, and sailed away. During the morning of Oct. 8 it ravaged shipping off the cost of the United States, sinking the British freighters Strathgena and West Point, the Dutch freighter Blommersdijk, the Norwegian freighter Christian Knudsen, and the British passenger liner Stephano, which carried a number of American citizens. The crews and passengers were given time to take to their small boats. CURRENT HISTORY A Monthly Magazine of The New York Times Published by The New York Times Company, Times Square, New York, N. Y. 470 . By N. L. Piotrowski 473 Human Losses in the First Two Years of the War THE WAR'S ORIGIN AND LASTING PEACE The German Chancellor's Reply to Viscount Grey Karl Liebknecht's Arraignment of Germany GERMANY'S PROMISE TO POLAND: Proclamation by the Central Powers Contents continued on next page Copyright, 1916, by The New York Times Company. All Rights Reserved. Entered at the Post Offices in New York and in Canada as second class matter. CONTENTS—Continued Treatment of German Soldiers by the French: A German Countercharge PAGE FORCING BELGIANS TO WORK IN GERMANY: Statements by von Bissing and 478 483 Turkish Foreign Minister's Defense of Armenian Massacres THE EUROPEAN WAR AS SEEN BY CARTOONISTS 27 Cartoons, All Nations 544 545 Japanese Admiralty Report 550 555 |