slow but sound process of mutual acquaintance and co-operation that will remove from American minds the insidious thought that slanting eyes and a yellowish skin mean a slippery character and unbridgeable race differences.

A few decades of experience with completely Americanized Chinese and Japanese will show us that our suspicions are groundless and our fears needless. We shall see with our own eyes how splendid is the manhood and womanhood of Japanese and Chinese and other peoples who will take high rank in our business circles, in our colleges and universities, in our churches, and in every walk of life. But all this can take place only on the condition of rigidly restricted immigration covering many decades, and the granting at the same time of a political status that gives to such of them as do come to us a fair and favorable chance.

We are now ready to consider in greater detail the policy and the programme advocated in this volume.

CHAPTER VIII

A POLICY AND A PROGRAMME FOR CONSTRUCTIVE IMMIGRATION LEGISLATION

FOR the solution of the many intricate and highly difficult problems connected with our enormous immigration from many lands, European and Asiatic, we need a comprehensive policy based on correct psychological principles and expressed in a programme that includes many specific details. This policy and programme should provide for:

1. The regulation of all immigration on a common principle.

2. The specific training of all immigrants for citizenship.

3. The giving of citizenship to all who qualify, regardless of race.

If we are to attain the best results we should have a series of bills that deal with all phases of the immigrant question in a systematic, comprehensive, and well co-ordinated plan.

Legislation dealing with these matters should be controlled by the following principles:

1. The United States should so regulate and, where necessary, restrict immigration as to provide that only so many immigrants may be admitted

from any race or people as can be wholesomely Americanized.

2. The number of those who have become Americanized from any race or people affords the best basis of the measure for the further immigration of that people.

3. American standards of living should be protected from the dangerous economic competition of immigrants, whether from Europe or from Asia.

4. Such provisions for the care of aliens residing among us should be made as will promote their rapid and genuine Americanization and thus maintain intact our democratic institutions and national unity.

5. The federal government should be empowered by Congress to protect the lives and property of aliens.

6. All legislation dealing with immigration and with resident aliens should be based on justice and good-will as well as on economic and political considerations.

IMPORTANT SPECIFICATIONS

1. Regulation of the Rate of Immigration.-The maximum permissible annual immigration from any people should be a definite per cent (say 5) of those from that people who have already become naturalized citizens together with all American-born children of immigrants of that people.

2. A Federal Bureau for the Registration of Aliens.A federal bureau for the registration of aliens should be established and all resident aliens should be required to register and to keep registered until they have qualified to become American citizens. A registration fee ($10 or perhaps $5 a year) might well be required of all male aliens eighteen years of age or over.

3. The Federal Distribution Bureau.-The Federal Bureau for the Distribution of Immigrants should be developed and provided with increased funds for larger and more effective methods.

4. A Federal Bureau for the Education of Aliens.— A federal bureau for the education of aliens for American citizenship should be established. While this bureau should not set up its own schools, its duty should be to promote the establishment by local bodies of suitable schools in needful localities and all registered aliens should be given education for citizenship free of cost. The bureau should be provided with funds for subsidies to be granted to schools upon the fulfilment of conditions prescribed by the bureau. The registration fee of aliens might well be reduced by one dollar ($1) for every examination passed.

5. Congressional Legislation for the Adequate Protection of Aliens.-Congress should at once enact a law enabling the federal government to exercise immediate jurisdiction in any case involving the

protection of and justice to aliens. The treaties place this responsibility on the federal government but no laws as yet give it this power. The bill drafted by Honorable William H. Taft and indorsed by the American Bar Association, or some similar bill, should be passed.

6. Amendment of Naturalization Laws. - The standards of naturalization should be raised. Only those applicants for naturalization should be regarded as qualified who have passed all the examinations of the schools for citizenship and who have maintained their registration without break from the time of their admittance to America. Under the above conditions and limitations, citizenship should be given to all who qualify.

Such are the main outlines of the proposed constructive policy and programme for the solution of the entire immigration problem, Asiatic as well as European. For a more adequate understanding, however, of this general proposal and in order to remove certain possible misapprehensions and to indicate how certain administrative difficulties may be met we should consider:

A Few Additional Details.-(a) The schedule for maximum immigration is to be based for each decade on figures secured from the census. As a rule no change should be made in the schedule between the census periods. With each new census a new sched