1796

LIBRARY OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE.

USEFUL AND ORNAMENTAL

PLANTING.

WITH

AN INDEX.

PUBLISHED UNDER THE SUPERINTENDENCE OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE
DIFFUSION of useful KNOWLEDGE.

LONDON:

BALDWIN AND CRADOCK, PATERNOSTER-ROW.

MDCCCXXXII.

1532

Treasurer-WILLIAM TOOKE, Esq., F.R.S.

W. Allen, Esq., F.R. & R.A.S. Sir T. Denman, M. P., Attor-Edwin Hill, Esq.
Rt. Hon. Visc. Althorp, M.P. ney-General.
Chancellor of the Exchequer. Rt. Hon. Lord Dover, F.R.S.,
Rt. Hon. Lord Ashley, M.P.

Lt. Drummond, R.E., F.R.A.S. Rt. Hon. Lord Auckland, Presi-Viscount Ebrington, M.P. dent of the Board of Trade. W. B. Baring, Esq. Capt. F. Beaufort, R.N., F.R., and R.A.S., Hydrograpber to the Admiralty.

Sir C. Bell, F.R.S. L. and E.
John Bostock, M.D. F.R.S.
The Rt. Rev. the Bishop of
Chichester.

William Coulson, Esq.
R. D. Craig, Esq.
Wm. Crawford, Esq.
J. Fred. Daniell, Esq., F.R.S.

T. F. Ellis, Esq.,M.A., F.R.A.S.
John Elliotson, M.D., F.R.S.
How. Elphinstone, Esq., M.A.
Thomas Falconer, Esq.
I. L. Goldsmid, Esq., F.R. and
R.A.S.

Sir J. Cam Hobhouse, Bt.,M.P.
Secretary at War.
David Jardine, Esq., A.M.
Henry B. Ker, Esq.
Th. Hewitt Key, Esq., A.M.
George C. Lewis, Esq., M.A.
Edward Lloyd, Esq., M.A.
James Loch, Esq., M.P.,F.G.S.
George Long, Esq., A.M.
J. W. Lubbock, Esq.,F.R., R.A.
and L.S.S.

B. Gompertz, Esq., F.R. and Zachary Macaulay, Esq.
R.A.S.
H. Malden, Esq, A.M.
Sir B. H. Malkin, M.A.
A. T. Malkin, Esq., M.A.
James Manning, Esq.
J.Herman Merivale, Esq.,F.A.S.
James Mill, Esq.

THOMAS COATES, Secretary 59, Lincoln's Inn Fields.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

Of some of the Advantages resulting from judicious Planting

CHAPTER II.

Of the structure of Trees, and of the natural Agents which influence and

govern the growth of the Plants from the period of germination, until

the Trees arrive at full maturity

CHAPTER III.

Of the different modes of rearing Forest-Trees:-By sowing the seeds on

the spot where they are to remain for Timber. By sowing the seeds on

nursery beds, and afterwards transplanting the young trees to their

timber sites. Modes of propagating, and of transplanting, preserving,

and training proper shoots or suckers produced by coppice roots or

stools. Comparative advantages and disadvantages of the different

modes; and of simple and mixed Plantations

CHAPTER IV.

Of the soils and sites most profitably employed in the Growth of Timber;

intimate nature of different soils peculiarly adapted for the Growth of

particular species of Forest-Trees

CHAPTER V.

Of the most approved modes of preparing different Soils for the reception

of the Plants-Fencing, Draining, Ploughing, Trenching. Of the

formation of rides or carriage-ways into the interior of plantations. Of

the best mode of covering these with Herbage

56

CHAPTER VI.

Page.

Of the culture of Plantations; Soil; Pruning; Thinning; remedies for

accidental injuries, and the natural diseases of Forest-Trees. Of the

Tanning afforded by the bark of different species of Trees

CHAPTER VII.

Of the progressive increase of size or produce of Wood in different species

of Forest-Trees. Of the mode of valuing Plantations-present value—

prospective value of certain individual Trees, which have attained to

great maturity. Of the products of Plantations, and of the terms used

by foresters to denote these products

CHAPTER VIII.

Enumeration of the different Species of Forest-Trees; their uses, and the

method of cultivation

60

76

93

ORNAMENTAL PLANTING

Index

129

146

PLANTING.

THE subject of planting may, with propriety, be divided into three parts: useful or forest-tree planting, ornamental or garden planting, and orchard or fruit-tree planting. Each of these divisions of the subject, from its importance and interest, in a national point of view, as well as to individuals, seems to demand a distinct treatise.

The first of these, forest-tree planting, is proposed for the subject of the following pages; and the details of the theory and practice of the art discussed under the following heads:

Of some of the advantages resulting from judicious planting.

II. Of the structure of trees; and of the natural agents which influence and govern the growth of the plant from the period of germination to its full maturity. Of the seeds of forest-trees; and of the processes of vegetation.

III. Of the different modes of rearing forest-trees:-by sowing the seeds on the spot where they are to remain for timber; of sowing the seeds on nursery beds, and afterwards transplanting the young plants to their timber sites; by preserving and training proper shoots or suckers, produced by coppice roots or stools. Comparative advantages and disadvantages of these different modes. Of simple and of mixed plantations.

IV. Of the soils and sites most profitably employed in the growth of timber. Intimate nature of the different soils peculiarly adapted for the growth of particular species of forest trees.

V.

Of the most approved modes of preparing different soils for the reception of the plants: fencing, draining, ploughing, trenching. Of the formation of rides or carriage-ways into the interior of plantations. Of the best mode of covering these with herbage.

VI. Of the culture of plantations: soil, pruning, thinning. Remedies for accidental injuries, and natural diseases of forest-trees. Seasons for felling trees. Of the tannin in the bark of different species of trees. VII. Of the progressive increase of the size or produce of wood in different species of trees. Of the mode of valuing plantations: present value; prospective value. Of the products of plantations. Of some individual trees which have attained to great perfection. Of the terms used to denote certain products of plantations. VIII. An enumeration of the different species: those of large growth, those of under growth for copse wood, ornament, or shelter. The generic botanical characters. Their natural soils; mode of propagation; and the uses to which their timber is more generally applied.

B