partment and of the several bureaus must be furnished to the Secretary of the Navy by the chiefs of the respective bureaus. BUREAU OF YARDS AND DOCKS. This Bureau has charge of the navyyards and naval stations, their construction and repair; the purchase of timber and various other materials. The chief of this Bureau has the rank of captain, navy pay. CIVIL EMPLOYÉS. UNITED STATES NAVAL OBSERVA- PURPOSES AND USES OF THE NAVAL The Naval Observatory, at Washington, owes its origin to those wants and uses of the navy that pertain to navigation, as that at Greenwich, England, established in 1675, owes its origin to the demands of a maritime nation for improvements in navigation. As is well known, it is by the science of astronomy-by methods of lunar distances-that longitudes at sea are found. This is of incalculable benefit to com1800 merce and navigation. Per Annum. Chief clerk........................ 1 draughtsman 1800 Navy Officers. BUREAU OF EQUIPMENT AND RE- This Bureau has charge of the equipment of all vessels of war, the supply of their sails, rigging, anchors, and fuel; also the recruiting of sailors of the various grades for the navy. The chief of this Bureau has the rank of commodore, navy pay. CIVIL EMPLOYÉS. 4 assistants, with rank of lieutenant 3 professors of mathematics, with 2 1 rank of commander professor of mathematics, with Civil Officers and Employés. 1 clerk....... Per Annum. ..$1600 3 assistant astronomers, each................ 1500 1 instrument-maker......... Per Annum. 1500 Per Month. 1600 1400 1200 53.22 720 53.22 2 66 66 ...... 1 assistant messenger.. 1 laborer...... 660 BUREAU OF NAVIGATION. This Bureau supplies vessels of war with maps, charts, chronometers, barometers, flags, signal-lights, glasses, and stationery; has charge of the publication of charts, the Nautical Almanac, and surveys. The Naval Observatory and Hydrographic Office are under the direction of this Bureau. 1 porter.......... "As European sailors did in former times, Chinese sailors now grope along the shore, running from point to point, anchoring at night, and lost when at sea. By means of observatories, men were enabled to tabulate the motions and the places of the heavenly bodies, and to calculate a nautical almanac, which, being published for some three years in advance Per Annum. of its time of use, enables vessels en.....$1800 gaged on the longest voyages to have 1400 always in possession the accurate places 720 of the sun, moon, and stars, arranged 660 for every day of the year. Every time The chief of this Bureau has the rank of commodore, navy pay. CIVIL EMPLOYÉS. the position of a ship at sea is put upon the chart, this position is found by observation of some heavenly body by the navigator, and made useful by reference to the nautical almanac. When fogs or storms hinder observations, the position is carried by estimation and rough measurements of speed and direction from the last celestial observation. "It thus appears that the work of observatories blends so intimately with modern navigation, that no cargo can be exported or brought home except through the agency of astronomical results. "That astronomical observatories are absolutely necessary to the ocean commerce of the world, is a proposition which no man can deny. There are many private observatories in the United States, generally conducted by men of great abilities, some of them directed by men of supreme talents. "It may be asked why these private observatories cannot do the work of Gov ernment observatories. These private observatories are generally attached to places of instruction, and they are devoted rather to education than long-continued labor directed to a particular end, this end often not a brilliant one, and not calculated to bring any great reputation to the patient toiler. For instance, a professor now in the Naval Observatory has been more than a quarter of a century employed every fair night, when not sick from malaria, in making a catalogue of the stars and in tabulating their places more accurately than has been done before. Some of the more important stars have had their places measured and remeasured as often as six hundred times; generally the standard stars are measured more than two hundred times. 1 draughtsman............................................... 2 66 66 1 chief draughtsman...... 1 draughtsman....... "This work, rectifying the tables of 2 draughtsmen, each.. the motions of the heavens and the places of the fixed stars, for perfecting the art 1 file clerk........ of navigation,' was included in the war-1 laborer rant of Charles II. for the erection of Greenwich Observatory. "The patient, sustained work of the Government observatory would be foreign to the intention of the private observatory; and when the private astronomer, urged by his genius and his thirst for knowledge, engages in work aside from his regular occupation, it is more apt to be in fields of discovery, or of astronomical investigation of recent facts, than in plain plodding tables, such as are old in science, though new in accuracy. "The Naval Observatory is very remotely a means of education, and its field 2 printers, each..... ..Navy Pay. NAUTICAL ALMANAC. 66 66 Per Month. .$120.00 175.00 120.00 This is in charge of a professor of mathematics, with the relative rank of captain, navy pay. The following civil employés are engaged in preparing for publication the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac: REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION. Applicants for admission into the Asylum are required to produce evidence of having served twenty years in the navy. They must state their age, birthplace, and physical condition, the vessels in which they have served, the names of the commanding officers, and the dates of such service. They must produce a certificate from a surgeon of the navy stating that they are not able to support themselves by manual labor. Pensioned applicants may commute their pensions for places in the Asylum, a similar certificate being required. Duties.-Beneficiaries are required to perform such duties for their own benefit, and that of the institution, as their age, physical abilities, and condition will admit. Pocket-Money.-For good conduct and faithful performance of duty each beneficiary receives one dollar per month. Discipline. For misconduct, such as drunkenness, fighting, abusive and profane language, beneficiaries will be punished by the stoppage of their pocketmoney and tobacco, restriction of their liberty, confinement in cells, and curtailment of the ration, and in aggravated cases by dismissal from the Asylum, which latter punishment requires the sanction of the Secretary of the Navy. No liquors of any kind are allowed the inmates of the institution, and none are permitted within its enclosures. Inmates are not allowed to leave without permission, and no leave is granted for a longer period than one week, except by authority of the Navy Department. OFFICERS OF NAVAL ASYLUM. .Navy Pay. Per Annum. ...... ....$600 Per Annum. ..$845 1 carpenter...... UNITED STATES NAVAL HOSPITALS. There is a Naval Hospital at each of the following cities, at which medical officers of the navy are on duty, and for the support of which the sum of $50,000 yearly is appropriated: Portsmouth, New Hampshire; Chelsea, Massachusetts Brooklyn, New York; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Annapolis, Maryland; Washington, District of CoFlorida'; Mare Island, California; Yokolumbia; Norfolk, Virginia; Pensacola, hama, Japan. NAVAL ACADEMY AT ANNAPOLIS, The Naval Academy is an institution for the instruction of young men in the arts of naval warfare and to fit them as officers in the navy, and it bears the same relation to the navy as the Military Academy at West Point, New York, does to the army. It is governed by an officer of the navy of high rank (at present a rear-admiral) ants, also naval officers, of lower rank. as Superintendent, who has two assist The Academy is divided into Departments, as follows: Commandant and Assistant Commandants of Cadets. Department of Seamanship. Department of Ordnance and Gunnery. Department of Steam Engineering. Department of Astronomy and Navigation. Department of Physics and Chemistry. Department of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics. Department of English Studies, History, and Law. Department of Modern Languages. In each of these Departments naval officers serve as instructors, there being upwards of fifty in all, and these are called the "Academic staff." There are 240 a number of other officers not attached to 168 168 1 master-at-arms........................... 480 the Academic staff, but on duty at the 1 barber ....................................................... 1 steward............................................... 1 cook.......... 1 chief laundress ..... 8 scrubbers and waiters, each. 1 stable-keeper and driver.... 1 corporal.......... 192 360 Academy, including medical officers, 480 officers of the pay corps, chaplains, etc. 240 Besides the naval officers there are the 168 following professors, civil officers, and 360 employés allowed and on duty in the 300 Academy: 2 professors, 1 of drawing and 1 of of English studies, histories, and 1 swordmaster 1500.00 2 assistant swordmasters, each........... 1000.00 ........... 1200.00 1 clerk to superintendent........................................ 1200.00 1 66 1 messenger to superintendent..... 1 gunner's mate............. 1 coxswain..... 750.00 NOMINATION. I. The number of Cadet-Midshipmen allowed at the Academy is one for every Member and Delegate of the House of Columbia; and ten appointed at large. Representatives; one for the District of II. The nomination of candidates for admission from the District of Columbia 1000.00 and at large is made by the President. 800.00 The nomination of a candidate from any 1000.00 Congressional District or Territory is 1000.00 made on the recommendation of the Member or Delegate from actual residents of his District or Territory. 529.50 III. Each year, as soon after the 5th 409.50 of March as possible, Members and Dele600.00 gates will be notified in writing of vacan288.00 cies that may exist in their districts. If 600.00 such Members or Delegates neglect to 469.50 recommend candidates by the 1st of July 600.00 469.50 1 seaman in department of seamanship. 349.50 in that year, the Secretary of the Navy 21 first-class musicians, each...... Captain of watch and weigher........ 4 watchmen, each......... 349.50 is required by law to fill the vacancies 349.50 existing in districts actually represented 528.00 in Congress. They will be filled by appointments from the districts in which the vacancies exist. 348.00 300.00 Per Diem. 1 foreman of the gas and steam-heating works..... 2.00 5.00 IV. The nomination of candidates is made annually between the 5th of March and the 1st of July. Candidates who are nominated in time to enable them to reach the Academy on the 11th of June will receive permission to present themselves at that time to the Superintendent of the Naval Academy for examination as to their qualifications for admission. Those 8 attendants of the gas and steam-heating who are nominated prior to July 1, but 1 foreman of joiners............................. 3.50 not in time to attend the June examinapainters................................................................. 3.50 tion, will be examined on the 22d of Sep3.50 tember following; and should any candi2.50 date fail to report, or be found physically 2.50 or mentally disqualified for admission, in June, the Member or Delegate from whose district he was nominated will be notified 2.50 to recommend another candidate, who 2.25 shall be examined on the 22d of Septem 1 master-laborer.............................................................................. 2.28 ber following. When any of the dates 3 laborers, each........ 20 servants, each................................................................ 20.00 any deficiency in these respects are |