ANTRAIGUES-ANTRIM.

and his patronage was implored over the whole kingdom against this disease.' The Order of Canons Regular of St. Anthony,' a religious fraternity, founded about 1090, for the relief of persons afflicted with the fire of St. A., survived in France till 1790.

ST. ANTHONY'S WELL, a small fountain near the ruined chapel of St. A., on the n. slope of Arthur's Seat (q.v.), near Edinburgh. This interesting fountain, which consists only of a stone basin, into which water trickles from under an incumbent rock, is celebrated in the Scottish song, ‘0, waly, waly.'

ANTRAIGUES, on-trag', EMANUEL-LOUIS-HENRI DELAUNAY, Comte D': 1755-1812; b. Vivarais, dept. Ardèche: a great politician, but very ambiguous character. He was educated under the Abbé Maury. His superior talents were shown first in his Mémoire sur les Etats-généraux, leurs Droits et la Manière de les convoquer (1788). This book, full of daring assertions of liberty, was one of the first sparks of the fire which afterwards flamed in the French Revolution. In 1789, when A. was chosen as a deputy, he not only defended the privileges of the hereditary aristocracy, but also ranked himself with those who opposed the union of the three estates; while in the discussions on the constitution, he maintained that the royal veto was an indispensable part of good government. After leaving the assembly in 1790, he was employed in diplomacy at St. Petersburg and Vienna, where he defended the cause of the Bourbons. In 1803, he was employed under Alexander of Russia in an embassy to Dresden, where he wrote against Bonaparte a brochure entitled A Fragment of the 18th Book of Polybius, discovered on Mount Athos. He afterwards went to England, and acquired great influence with Canning. Despite his attachment to the interest of the Bourbons, he could never win the confidence of Louis XVIII. In 1812, he was murdered, with his wife, at his residence near London, by an Italian servant, who, immediately afterwards, commited suicide.

ANTRE, D. ăn'ter [L. antrum, a cave]: in poetry, a cavern; a den.

ANTRIM, ăn' trim: maritime county in the n.e. of Ireland, province of Ulster; bounded, n. by the Atlantic; w. by the n. part of the river Bann, dividing it from Londonderry, and by Lough Neagh; s. by Lagan river, separating it from the county of Down; s.e. by Belfast Lough; and e. by the Irish Channel. It stands third among the Irish counties in population, but in extent only ninth. Its greatest length is 56 m.; its greatest breadth, 30; its extent of sea-coast, 90 m.: 1164 sq. miles. About two-thirds of this is arable; a fourth barren; and a seventy-fourth in woods. Off the n. coast lie Rathlin Isle and the Skerries; and off the e. coast, the Maiden Rocks; the e. coast is hilly; and from Larne to Fair Head, parallel mountain-ranges of no great height, and covering a third of the county, stretch s. w. into the interior, forming valleys opening seaward, called the Glens of Antrim. The interior slopes towards Lough Neagh. The highest eminences are-' -Trostan, 1,810 feet, and Slievemish, or Slemish, 1,782 feet. The principal streams are—the Bann,

ANTRORSE-ANTWERP.

from Lough Neagh to the Atlantic; the Main, running parallel to the Bann, but in the reverse direction, into Lough Neagh; and the Bush, flowing n. into the Atlantic. Peatbogs are numerous. Six-sevenths of the surface consist of basaltic trap, often alternating with red ochre, and overlying hardened chalk, green-sand, new red sandstone, and mica-slate. The surface and edges of the trap-field, in some places, present basaltic columns of varied outlines. The green-sand and new red sandstone crop out on the e. and s.e. borders, and millstone grit occurs in the n.e. Between Ballycastle and the mouth of the Bann, the basalt assumes very picturesque forms; and the Giants' Causeway is one of the most perfect examples of columnar basalt in the world. Fine salt mines occur at Duncrue and Carrickfergus; and small coal-fields near Ballycastle, and in the interior. Rich beds of iron ore of fine quality have been recently opened in Glenravel, and a large export has been carried on from Cushendall and Carnlough. The soil of A. is mostly light, and the chief crop is oats. In 1882, 243,831 acres were under crop, 77,847 being in oats, 44,974 in potatoes, and 4,504 in wheat. The land is very much subdivided; and the rearing of flax, and the various branches of the linen, cotton, and coarse woolen manufacture, employ a great portion of the people. In 1881, there were upwards of 95,000 pupils on the rolls of the national schools in the county (23,000 being Rom. Catholics). The principal towns are Belfast, Lisburn, Ballymena, Ballymoney, Carrickfergus, Larne, and Antrim. Before 1885, County A. returned two members to parliament; Belfast borough, two; and Carrickfergus and Lisburn boroughs, each one; but since 1885 it returns eight members, of whom four represent the city of Belfast. Nearly one-half of the inhabitants are Presbyterians, the county having been extensively colonized from England and Scotland. The original possessors were the O'Neills, who, partially dispossessed by John de Courcy, reappeared on the failure of his line, regained nearly the whole of the country, and kept it till the forfeiture of Shane O'Neill. Pop. (1851) 352,264; (1851) 368,948; (1871) 404,015; (1881) 421,943, of whom nearly 190,000 were Presb., 108,000 Rom. Cath., and 98,000 Prot. Episcopalians; (1891) 471,179.

ANTRORSE, a. ăn-trŏrs' [L. ante, before; versus, turned]: in bot., having an upward direction towards the summit of some part.

ANTWERP, ănt werp (in French, ANVERS, Ŏn-vair'): cap. of the prov. which bears its name, and the chief commercial city of Belgium; on the river Scheldt. Its chief public institutions are the Acad. of Sciences, Acad. of Painting and Sculpture, formerly known as the Acad. of St. Mark, a Medical and Surgical School, Naval Arsenal, Museum, and Zoological Gardens. The cathedral, one of the noblest Gothic structures in Europe, is 500 ft. in length by 240 in breadth, with a roof supported by 125 pillars, and a very lofty spire. The interior is enriched by the two greatest of all the pictures of Rubens, The Elevation of the Cross, and The Descent from the Cross. The Church of St. James contains the monument of the Rubens family. The

ANUBIS.

new fortifications, recently erected, render this commercial capital of Belgium one of the most strongly fortified places in Europe. The trade and manufactures of A. have recently greatly extended, and the large dock and quay accommodation having been found too limited, steps have been taken for making a new quarter of the town, with ample harborroom, on the opposite side of the Scheldt. The manufactures consist chiefly of sugar, white-lead, cotton goods, point-lace, linen thread, carpets, gold and silver lace. It is celebrated for its sewing-silk, black silk stuffs, and printer's ink, as it was in former times for its velvets, damasks, and satins. There are also to be mentioned tobacco manufacture, the cutting of diamonds and other precious stones, and shipbuilding.

A. is mentioned as early as the 8th c.; in the 12th and 13th it gave signs of considerable prosperity, and in 1550 numbered more than 200,000 inhabitants. The union of Belgium with Holland in 1815 was very favorable to the commerce and general prosperity of A. By the revolution, 1830, Aug., it was linked to the destiny of Belgium. When the revolutionary party gained possession, the commandant, Gen. Chassé, retreated to the citadel, and, exasperated by the breach of truce, commenced a bombardment, which destroyed the arsenal and about thirty houses. In 1832, a French army of 50,000 men, under Marshal Gérard, appeared before A., to demand the surrender of the citadel, which Gen. Chassé refused. After the interior of the citadel had been reduced to ruins by the French artillery, Gen. Chassé capitulated; the Flemish fortification, and the forts Burght, Zwindrecht, and Austroweel were surrendered_to the Belgian troops, and the Dutch troops were taken to France, as hostages for the surrender of the forts Lillo and Liefkenshoek, according to an article in the negotiation of 1831, Nov. 15, which stipulated that the five citadels held by the Dutch troops in Belgium should be surrendered. Pop. (1885) 191,124.

ANUBIS, n. ă-nu'bis: an Egyptian deity, styled Anepu on hieroglyphic monuments; according to mythology, the son of Osiris and Nephthys. By the Greeks,

Α

he was frequently styled Hermes or Hermanubis, combining the Egyptian with the Grecian name. He is represented on monuments as having the head of a jackal, with pointed ears and snout, which the Greeks frequently changed to those of a dog. Sometimes he is seen wearing a double crown. white and yellow cock was sacrificed to him. His office, like that of Hermes Psychopompus among the Greeks, was to accompany the ghosts of the deceased into Hades (Amenthes), and there to assist Horus in weighing their actions, under the inspection of Osiris. As, in the time of the Romans, the Egyptian worship had spread beyond Egypt itself, the two conceptions of A. and Hermes were blent together, and the dog's head of the former was found united to the insignia of the latter.

Anubis.