Besides this, large quantities of other small vegetables were raised of which no account was made, and the committee, from thirty lots which had been culti vated as a reserve to replace such cultivators as might be forced to vacate their tracts by reason of building operations, raised considerable quantities of potatoes and turnips. This latter product was divided between the poor commission and such cultivators whose crops had turned out poorly.

The committee concludes that the most conservative estimate of the returns to the workers would reach a value of $30,000. But, it is contended, if the returns amounted to only half this sum it was well worth the sum expended, "for in every case it went to the support of our most needy people, who, by their own labor, provided that by which perhaps they might otherwise have been obliged to receive from direct charity."

Following the lead of Detroit, a number of other cities, during the past summer, carried out similar projects, notably New York, Boston, Buffalo, Omaha, Brooklyn and Minneapolis.

people is not by direct giving, which creates paupers, but by giving such people as are poor and deserving an opportunity to help themselves. It might have gone farther and said that all any people needed was opportunity, and these potatopatch experiments are only slight hints. of what could be accomplished by labor through easy access to the soil. Less than five hundred acres of idle city land produces $30,000 worth of food products. Put to a similar use the six thousand acres of idle lands in Detroit would produce values to the amount of $360,000. This is a large sum, and under the present system of land-holding represents pure waste. The actual loss to the community is much greater than this amount, however, as a greater part of this idle land is much too valuable to be put to agricultural uses. agricultural uses. The great land values, built up under the present system, act as a check to industry. Many who might be able to build and employ labor are now barred by reason of the large sum necessary to secure the site. And what is true in Detroit is true of every other city.

But this is a large subject, and one I do not care to enlarge upon at this time. My only purpose was to give to the readers of the JOURNAL the results of a most interesting and practical plan to help the poor, carried forward by a man who certainly sees something below the surface. of things. Mayor Pingree's potato-patch experiments will be one of the interesting chapters in social and industrial reform, the underlying spirit of which is seen in his uncompromising fight against the encroachment by corporations on the rights

In Chicago at least, however it may have been elsewhere, recent years have witnessed a gradual and persistent effort to improve the typographical appearance of the daily newspaper. It was partly due to this commendable desire that typesetting machines were not introduced earlier in the newspaper composing rooms of this city. But now that the publishers feel satisfied on that score, machines are invading the field of hand composition like a swarm of grasshoppers, devouring everything, or nearly so. Nevertheless, the careless or ignorant workman is apt to be even more concerned about their advent than any one else; for an operator who has to do too much correcting can hardly hope for any great degree of success. Accuracy, quick intelligence and considerable general knowledge are necessary to make a first-class operator. All this tends to the artistic excellence of a paper. Where there is much correcting there is likely to be bad spacing. And it is in spacing, too, that machines excel. Who has not noticed with disgust the swift who set lines in which there would be a five-em space between two words and between the next two an em quad or more, without any pause that required extra space? Besides this, it was frequently too much trouble to fill the line out properly, and if the lines were all jagged they went just the same.

Much greater care is taken now than formerly with display heads. The editor and ad man confer together on the matter, and after a selection has been made there is a constant effort to keep them uniform, and to have the lines al ways the right length. Of late years,

also, it has become more the fashion to put borders around the heads of stories and special articles, though they would often look neater if they were plain.

With the introduction and growth of department stores, display advertising has become of much larger proportions than it used to be. A whole page for one store is very common, with an occasional two pages, and sometimes there is a great deal of work on them. It is not to be wondered at, therefore, that all stores of any prominence have each their advertising department, where copy is prepared for the compositor. Generally each advertiser has his own special style, and some have their own borders; while certain firms, at different times, have even bought a distinct series of type and sent it already laid in cases) to the newspapers in which they advertised, with instructions to reserve it for their ads alone. Usually it would be but a little while before these fonts would be dis; carded. They always fall back to Devinne, which apparently will never wear out. The invention of that type has proved a positive boon to the artist-printer.

Advertisers will insist on bold type, and the old, heavy gothics are so coarse and strong as to be an eyesore.

The appearance of the paper as a whole must be considered where it is desired to be tasty and attractive. It will continue to be marred and blemished so long as ugly stereotypes and electrotypes are allowed; but the foreman of the ad room has it largely in his power to prevent ads poorly displayed, badly spaced or unpleasantly contrasted from leaving his department. A light ad alongside a heavy ad does not harmonize, nor is it

wise to forget that the right space above the top line of an ad is fully as necessary as before any other line. Of course, in the closing-up rush it is almost impossible to get just the right space around the rules and dashes of either ads or news, but by means of thorough system it is possible to come near to it. The cusThe custom of Chicago papers of insisting that double column ads shall be not less than fifty agate lines in length, triple column seventy-five lines, and four column one hundred lines, is very good, and aids in the general effect; so, also, does the giving of the leading position' to the longest ad.

Only a few varied faces of type are needed in order that a uniform appearance may be presented, say a series of Devinnes, antiques, old styles and gothics (not the very heavy), in the three different styles, regular, condensed and extended. Something extra condensed might also be needed, such as the caps of facade, from 12-point to 36-point. In the antiques and gothics many of the condensed and extended fonts could very

well do without lower case. A common source of trouble to the ad man is the deep shoulder or beard on most display type; it would be a great convenience if he could take it off or put it on as he pleased. It is best to have modern figures for all fonts-old style figures frequently spoil display lines. It pays, too, to have plenty of labor-saving brass leads, 1, 11⁄2 and 2 points in thickness, which should never be cut or mixed with any other kind; get some strips of lead to cut up for emergencies. There should always be proof taken of every cut coming into the office, and a number given. to it. Then all cuts not in use could be put away according to number. Boxes with numbers on the front or cover might be the handiest. The proof of the cut should be pasted in a blank book, and the day it was received entered under or alongside of it, also date when taken away, with order for same. the care, skill and system, and in spite of new and ample material and facilities, cheap paper and poor press work will detract seriously from fine workmanship.

But with all

-Atlanta Constitutior.

WANT ADVERTISEMENTS.

Special "Want" advertisements will be inserted in these columns at the uniform price of ONE CENT a WORD each insertion. Answers can be sent in care of The Typographical Journal, if desired. All letters received will be promptly forwarded to parties for whom intended, without extra charge.

ΑΝ

N all-round printer and practical newspaper man, with 25 years' experience, who has filled all positions-editor, reporter, foreman, proofreader, etc.—on a daily paper, desires work in some healthy town or city of the South. Has to leave northern home because of the ill-health of his wife. Address K. L., care TYPOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL.

FOR SALE Leffingwell's Manual and Rules of Order for Parliamentary Debate." 10 cents per copy. Can be ordered through TYPOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL. FOR SALE-A Plow paper cutter; cuts 28x30 in., cheap. Address L. C., TYPOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL.

FOR SALE Washington hand-press, in first-class shape; bed 30x46, platen 28x42; a bargain. Address CLAY, TYPOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL.

FOR SALE-Third interest in prosperous job office in

best city in the northwest. Reason, sickness causing family troubles. Cheap, but takes cash. Well worth investigating. Address NORTHWEST, TYPOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL

FOR SALE-Two-horse power Otto gas engine, in firstclass condition. Address MUNGER, care TYPOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL.

FOR SALE Cheap, a 6-column Army press. Has never been used. Address J. H. B., care TYPOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL

FOR SALE-A Universal rule shaper, good as new and can be bought at a bargain. Address MUNGER, care TYPOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL.

FOR SALE-A 9-column Cincinnati cylinder press, bed 33x48; this press has never been used, and can be bought at a sacrifice. Address FRANK H., care TypOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL.

FOR SALE-A large assortment of display type, on the old bodies: the type is all new, and will be sold for less than half price. Send for specimen sheet. Address MUNGER, care TYPOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL.

FOR SALE Cheap, 31x46 Campbell cylinder, 7x11 nonpareil jobber. Want large jobber. Al man for news and job office. NEW ERA, Peoria, Ill.

PARTNER WANTED-A practical printer, with at

least $500 cash of his own, to take an interest in an established business capable of profitable extension. The right man can have entire charge. Address A 4, care of THE PROOFSHEET, 232 Irving avenue, Chicago. "PI"-Collection old-time Printer Sketches; 216 pages; 5 cents; post free. GRIFFIN & KIDNER, Hamil

ton, Ont.

SPECIMENS OF PRINTING-Decidedly the best book of specimens, every page a gem; containing a miscellaneous assortment of up-to-date job work; replete with recipes and other wrinkles. Price 50 cents; no stamps. THE KEYSTONE PRESS, Wellston, Ohio.

WANTED Canvassers for THE PROOFSHEET, the only publication of its kind, in every town in the United States. BEN FRANKLIN CO., 232 Irving avenue, Chicago.

TRADE JOURNALS

Prominent in the printing, book-making, stationery, paper-making and allied trades.

AMERICAN BOOK MAKER, a journal of technical art and information for printers, bookbinders and publishers. Published monthly: $2 per annum; single copies, 25 cents. Howard Lockwood & Co., publishers, 143 Bleecker street, corner West Broadway, New York. AMERICAN PRESSMAN, official organ of the International Printing Pressmen's Union of North America. A technical trade journal devoted to the interests of presswork and to all pressmen $1 per annum Sample copies 10 cents. Advertising rates on application. If you want to keep up with the times in your trade subscribe for it. If you want to sell good goods at a profit advertise in it. Robert D. Sawyer, editor, 57 Washington street, Chicago.

AMERICAN STATIONER, established 1874, every Thursday: $2 a year, single copies, 10 cents Howard Lockwood & Co., publishers, N. W corner of Bleecker street and South Fifth avenue, New York.

THE ENGRAVER AND PRINTER, leading journal in its line in the East Most artistic periodical published Strongest line of contributors of any printers or engravers' trade journal Known circulation $2 per year; 25 cents per copy. No free sample copies THE ENGRAVER AND PRINTER COMPANY, Publishers, Boston, Mass.

NEW ENGLAND STATIONER AND PRINTER is now in the tenth year of its publication, and its forty odd pages are each month replete with interesting trade matter. Send 50 cents if you are interested, and we will mail you the paper regularly for nine months Sample copies 10 cents. Address, Chas C. Walden, publisher, Springfield, Mass.

UNITED STATES PAPER-MAKER. devoted to the interests of paper-makers. Published monthly, $2 per annum; sample copies, 20 cents. Charles C. Walden, publisher, 132 Nassau street, New York.

AMERICAN DICTIONARY OF PRINTING AND BOOKMAKING, 600 pages, profusely illustrated, half bound, price $12, delivered. This standard work contains all that is known of the printing and allied trades, from the earliest to the present time. A copy should be owned by every ambitious printer. Address, Howard Lockwood & Co., publishers, 143 Bleecker street, corner of West Broadway, New York

THE INLAND PRINTER is unquestionably the leading trade journal of the world in the printing industry Issued promptly on the first of every month. Replete with valuable technical information, articles of general interest and elegant illustrations Only $2 per year, $1 for six months, 20 cents per copy-none free. INLAND PRINTER COMPANY, 212–214 Monroe street, Chicago

The Federation du Livre, Paris, has just decided that it will not give assistance from the out-of-work fund to compositors who are forced to leave their situations in newspaper offices because the proprietary has introduced cuts to such an extent as to diminish the earning power of the compositors. In other words, French

pally catalogue work. Address CHARLES F. W. NEELY, Muncie, Ind.

WANTED-Steady young man, two-thirder, desires day work in composing room. Running Mergen thaler Linotype machine preferred. Can set 4,500 per hour. Address H. E. R., care TYPOGRAPHICAL JOUR

NAL.

publisher chooses to abolish any or all typesetting on his paper, the union compositors must not consider it a casus belli.

"Catallactics," or the science of exchange, as indulged in by the average employer, robs the working producer of two-thirds of his earnings, and when sufficiently gorged, calls the surplus "overproduction."