Fees. Registration, 40 hard dollars. Recording and certificate of transfer, 20 hard dollars. For each attested copy, 4 hard dollars in addition to the stamp on the paper. (Art. 19. (Argentine.) Fifty dollars in gold. istering transfer, $25 in gold. (Uruguay.)

For regNames of individuals and firms.-The merchant's name, the firm name, the sign or the designation of a house dealing in particular articles, constitute industrial property. (Art. 22.) If a merchant or manufacturer wishes to carry on an industry already initiated by another person bearing the same name, he must adopt a distinct modification thereof. (Art. 23.) The injured party must protest within a year. (Art. 24.) Corporations have the same right to their names as individuals and are subject to the same conditions. (Art. 25.) The exclusive right to the name as an industrial property ceases with the house or with the failure of that branch of industry. (Art. 26.) It is not necessary to register the name in order to enjoy the rights accorded by this law, except in cases where it forms part of the mark. (Art. 27.)

Punishment for infringement.-Shall be punished by a fine of from 20 to 500 hard dollars, or by imprisonment from 15 days to 1 year: 1. Those who falsify or forge in any manner a factory or commercial mark. 2. Those who affix to their products or articles of commerce a mark belonging to another. 3. Those who knowingly sell, offer for sale, acquiesce in the sale, or circulate articles bearing marks counterfeited or fraudulently applied. 4. Those who knowingly sell, offer for sale, or accept the sale of counterfeit marks as well as authentic marks without the knowledge of the proprietor. 5. Those who, with fraudulent intent, place or cause to be placed upon merchandise a statement or any other designation which is false relative to either the nature, quality, quantity, number, weight, or measurement of the same or the country in which it has been manufactured or from which it has emanated. 6. Those who knowingly sell, offer for sale, or accept the sale of merchandise bearing the false indications mentioned in the preceding clause. Double penalty second offense. (Art. 28.)

Infringement. To make a crime it is not necessary that the counterfeit extend to all the objects; the application to one object is sufficient. (Art. 29.)

Information to be given by infringer.-Those who sell or offer for sale articles with an infringing or counterfeit mark shall give to the proprietor complete written information of the name and address of those to whom he has made sales or attempted to make sales, as well as the date when the transaction commenced, and in case of refusal to supply such information they shall be compelled by law under the penalty of being adjudged accomplices. (Art. 31.)

Disposition of infringing goods and labels.-Articles bearing counterfeit marks found in the possession of the falsifier or his agents shall be seized and sold, and the product, after paying costs and indemnity established by law, shall

be applied to the service of the public school of the province where seized. (Art. 32.)

The false marks found in the possession of the infringer, as well as the instruments employed in the falsification, shall be destroyed. (Art. 33.)

Proceedings against infringers.—Only the person injured shall institute criminal proceedings, but once commenced they may be continued by the fiscal department. The complainant may discontinue the proceedings at any time before sentence is passed. (Art. 34.)

Persons damaged may bring civil actions for damages against the authors of the fraud and accomplices. The sentence shall be published at expense of defendant. (Art. 35.)

Limitation of action, three years after offense and one year after notice received by complainant. (Art. 36.)

Infringements of names governed by same rule as of trade-marks. (Art. 37.)

Appendix E.

MINES AND MINING LAWS OF THE ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.

The mineral resources of the Argentine Republic, according to all accounts, are extremely abundant, but up to the present time they have not received the development of which they are capable.

The official publication made in Buenos Aires in 1889, to be used in the Paris Exhibition of that year, under the title of "Memoria general y especial sobre las minas, metalurgia, etc., de la República Argentina" (General and especial essay on the mines, metallurgy, etc., of the Argentine Republic), prepared by Mr. H. D. Horkold, the inspector-general of mines of that nation, a handsome volume of 596 pages in folio, contains full information about the mines of the Argentine Republic and the decree of progress which the mining industry had reached there at that time.

"The Argentine Republic," says that report (p. 374), "is in regard to mining wealth as favorably situated as any other country in the world. It may be asked, then, why are we not to expect such a development in that respect as has been reached for instance in Australia? * * * It can be said in general

that the Republic affords an ample field for mining enterprise * * * and the national Government, always prompt to promote the general interests of the Republic, has devoted its whole attention, as far as possible under the circumstances through which the country has passed, to cause the mining industry to be encouraged and carried on with advantage."

In the Province of San Luis, as appears from that report, no less than 66 concessions of mines had been granted by the Government from September 25, 1872, to April 11, 1888, the mines being either of gold, silver, or copper, or gold, silver, and copper, silver and copper, gold and copper, lead and copper, lead and

silver.

In the Province of La Rioja there were 318 mines, of which 212 were of silver, 28 of gold, 62 of gold, silver, and copper, 15 of silver and lead, and 1 of gold and iron.

In the Province of San Juan there were 1,028 mines, of which 150 were of gold, 836 of silver, 23 of copper, 2 of iron, and 17 of coal.

Bull. 67-28

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In the Province of Jujuy there were 103, distributed as follows: 61 of gold, 30 of silver, 1 of gold and silver, 4 of silver and copper, 5 of copper, 1 of quicksilver, and 1 of coal.

Many of these mines are now in operation, but many others have been abandoned, the result being, as it appears from the report of Mr. Edward L. Baker, United States consul at Buenos Aires, dated June 8, 1891, and submitted in answer to a circular of the State Department asking for information on the subject of mines and mining laws, that although considerable amounts of money have been invested in costly machinery for the purpose of working the mines, the profits derived up to 1889 had scarcely corresponded to the efforts and sacrifices made. Official statistics, according to Mr. Baker, show that in 1888 the whole output of the mines in the whole Republic was valued at only $1,526,057, and that in the following year, 1889, it had increased to no more than $1,629,160. A Buenos Aires paper, named La Nación, in its issue of December 7, 1891, published a report made by Mr. H. F. Garrison, a mining engineer, to the President of the Republic, in regard to the gold mines of the Province of Jujuy, in the study of which he had been engaged for several years. If the conclusions of this report are correct, the name of "Argentine California," which La Nación suggests to be given to that Province, might not be inadequate.

Mr. Garrison says that near the town of La Rinconada there is a vein of auriferous quartz, 2 miles long and 4 feet wide, running from northeast to southwest, from which a large quantity of gold has been already extracted, and which when worked at the depth of 500 or 600 feet could yield sufficiently to give occupation for half a century to 5,000 laborers.

At Santa Catalina, at about 1,000 yards above the ordinary level of the Rio Grande River, there are three mines, known by the names of Eureka, Belga, and Suripugio, which Mr. Garrison states exceed in wealth all other mines in the world.

Two great veins, 5 feet wide, now worked at the place called Timon Cruz, which, while yielding at present only $2 per ton, will according to Mr. Garrison, if worked by electricity at a greater depth, afford occupation to 10,000 laborers for many years.

Among the many measures which the Government has taken to develop the mineral resources of the country prominently appear the organization of the bureau of mines and geology established at Buenos Aires, the creation of a school of mines, which seems to have attracted considerable attention and enjoy great reputation, the orders given for an official mineralogical survey of the country, and the promulgation of the new mining code (Código de Minería), which has superseded, with advantage, as it is claimed, the laws previously in force.

It is to be regretted that the volume of this code, which contains 375 sections,

many of them subdivided into different subsections or "paragraphs," and forms in the official edition made at Buenos Aires in 1887 a well-printed book of 537 pages in Spanish quarto, does not allow its translation in full in this appendix without making it unnecessarily cumbersome.

It was put in force on the 1st of May, 1887, and it is claimed by its admirers that it has taken advantage of all the laws on the subject promulgated in the rest of the world and has incorporated all their best and wisest provisions. The following extract has seemed to be sufficient:

Mines in the Argentine Republic are divided into three classes as follows:

I. Mines which exclusively belong to the nation and can not be worked by private parties, except upon a concession made in their favor by a competent authority. In mines of this class the ownership of the soil in which they are found is entirely independent of the ownership of the mine and constitutes a secondary or accessorial thing.

II. Mines which owing to their importance are to be granted in preference to the owner of the soil in which they are found, and also mines which, on account of the peculiar manner in which the material of which they consist is found to have been deposited, are permitted to be of common use.

III. Mines which belong exclusively to the owner of the soil in which they are found, and which can not therefore be worked or utilized in any manner by strangers, unless upon permission of the said owner and with his consent, except in those cases in which condemnation of private property for public use may take place.

The mines of the first class are described by the law as follows:

(a) Mines of gold, silver, platinum, quicksilver, copper, iron, lead, tin, zinc, nickel, cobalt, bismuth, manganese, antimony, and arsenic.

(b) Mines of hard and bituminous coal, lignite, and anthracite.

(c) Wells, pits, and deposits of all kinds of bitumen in whatever form, and of mineral oils.

(d) Mines of precious stones.

The mines of the second class, which must be granted to the owner of the soil in preference to any other person, are the following:

(a) The deposits of borates and nitrates.

(b) The deposits of salt on maritime shores (salinas) and the turf or loam deposits (turberas).

(c) The mines of some metal not mentioned in the description of the mines of the first class.

(d) The pyritous, vitriolic, aluminous, and magnesian earths, the earths called de batan, the deposits of emery, all kind of ochers, almagra, resins, esteatite,