(1860). French, "Gazetteer of New York State Hough, "Gazetteer of the State of New York” (1872). Seward, Autobiography" and Letters of Seward. 3 vols. Baker, "Works of Seward." 5 vols. Parton, "The Life of Horace Greeley." Dix, "Memoirs of John Adams Dix." 2 vols. State Assembly and Senate Documents. "United States Census " for 1850, 1860, and 1870. "New York State Census" for 1855, 1865, and 1875. Report of the State Historian (1897). Vol. 2, Colonial Series. Weed, "Autobiography." Barnes, "Memoir of Thurlow Weed." "Civil List," 1870. Newspapers. "Manuals of the Corporation of the City of New York” (18551870). 2. Secondary Sources Lossing, "Empire State," pp. 510-553. Randall, "History of New York State." (To 1870.) Roberts, "New York," II., pp. 633–678. Brooks, "Story of New York," pp. 244-270. Wilson, "Memorial History of the City of New York," III., pp. 447-570. Lamb, "History of the City of New York," II., pp. 768-787. (To 1880.) Roosevelt, "New York," pp. 201-210. Todd, "Story of the City of New York." Lossing, "History of New York City." Stone, "History of New York City." (To 1872.) Stiles, "History of the City of Brooklyn." (To 1870.) Ketchum, "History of Buffalo." (To 1865.) Townsend, "Honors of the Empire State." Lothrop, "Life of Seward." McCabe, “Life and Public Services of Horatio Seymour.” Bigelow, "Life of Samuel J. Tilden." 2 vols. Financial panic. 1858. Morgan Governor. 66 John Brown invades Virginia. 1859. Negro suffrage rejected by the people. 1861. Civil War begins. 66 New York resolves to sustain the war. 1867. Locks on Erie and Oswego canals enlarged. Constitutional Convention called. 66 66 Common schools made free. 1868. Cornell University opened. 66 Hoffman Governor. 1869. Legislature ratifies the XV. Amendment. 1870. Brooklyn Bridge begun. 1871. Tweed Ring exposed. 66 Corner-stone of State Capitol laid at Albany. V. CENTENNIALS AND PROSPERITY CHAPTER LI. REVOLUTIONARY MEMORIALS AND NEW YORK'S THIRD AND FOURTH PRESIDENTS Centennial Celebrations. This last period of history opened and closed with civic celebrations. The President proclaimed July 4, 1876, a day of extraordinary rejoicing. In schoolhouse, town-hall, theater, church, and cemetery were heard patriotic songs and oratory commemorating the century of freedom. Charles O'Conor delivered a remarkable address before the New York Historical Society. Kingston celebrated the adoption of the first state constitution (July 30, 1877) in splendid decorations, military parades, and speeches. Oriskany followed with a memorial of the bloody battle fought there, and ex-Governor Seymour gave the address (Aug. 6, 1877). Cherry Valley remembered the horrible massacre (Aug. 15, 1877). The battle of Bemis Heights was next celebrated (Sept. 19, 1877). At Schoharie the corner-stone of a monument to David Williams, one of the captors of André, was laid (Sept. 23, 1876). Burgoyne's surrender was commemorated at Schuylerville (Oct. 17, 1877). And General Sullivan's remarkable expedition (1779) was celebrated a century later at Elmira, Newtown, Waterloo, Geneseo, Aurora, and other places. 259 Governor Cornell. The Republican victory in the gubernatorial election of 1879 was due to a breach in the Democratic ranks. Tammany Hall opposed Robinson for governor and nominated John Kelly, whose 77,000 votes would have re-elected Robinson. Cornell's majority was 43,000. He was born in the state (1832), learned the trade of telegraph-operator, and at 33 was manager of the Western Union in New York City. In 1859 he returned to Ithaca to manage his father's business, and from this time on took a very active part in local and state politics. His administration was marked by the passage of many reform acts for city government. The national guard was reduced from 20,000 to 12,000 and increased in efficiency. After his term expired he engaged in great business enterprises in the metropolis. Breach in the Republican Party. The Republicans were in control of the state, but were divided into hostile camps. One, led by Platt and Conkling, favored the nomination of Grant for a third term; the other, headed by Warner Miller, Chauncey M. Depew, and William A. Wheeler, opposed it. In the state convention the former predominated, but could not prevent the sending of anti-Grant delegates to the national convention. Grant was defeated, and James A. Garfield was nominated with Chester A. Arthur of New York for second place. They received New York's electoral vote. Garfield felt no obligation to the Grant faction in New York, and hence trouble arose over patronage. Thomas L. James was appointed Postmaster-General. The name of William H. Robertson was sent to the Senate by the President for collector of the port at |