Flint, "Early Long Island," pp. 293–525. Thompson, "History of Long Island," pp. 90–142. Stiles, "History of the City of Brooklyn," I., pp. 166-413; II., pp. 1-194. Parkman, "Montcalm and Wolfe." Griffis, "Sir William Johnson and the Six Nations." Stone, "Life, and Times of Sir William Johnson." Winsor, "Narrative and Critical History of America," III., 385-421. Historical Magazines. Local Histories. PP. 66 66 Charles II. gives New Netherland to the Duke of York. 66 "Duke's Laws" promulgated. 66 Power of taxation in Governor and Council. 1668. Lovelace succeeds Nicholls. 1670. First New York exchange established. 1672. War between England and Holland. 1673. Dutch recapture New York. 1674. By treaty England regains New York. 1678. The "Bolting Act" gives New York the flour monopoly. 1679. Indian slavery abolished. 1680. Andros recalled. 1684. Virginia and New York make treaty with the Iroquois. 1685. Castletown and Middletown settled. 1686. New York and New England consolidated. 1688. Dongan replaced by Nicholson. 66 66 English Revolution reflected in America. Rise of Royalist and Popular parties. 1689. Union of New England and New York dissolved. 66 66 66 Revolution makes Leisler leader. Albany refuses to recognize him. Leisler appoints council of advisers. 1690. Schenectady massacre by French and Indians. 66 66 First Continental Congress at New York. Leisler sends naval expedition against Canada. 1691. Ingoldesby demands surrender of Fort. 66 66 66 Leisler refuses to surrender to any but Governor Sloughter. Sloughter arrives and orders Leisler and Milborne arrested, tried, and executed. Treaty with Iroquois renewed. Popular Assembly called and liberal laws formed. 1692. Fletcher arrives as Governor. 1693. First printing-press in the colony. 66 Congress of Governors at Albany. 1725. "New York Gazette" started. 1727. Assembly dissolved. 766 Burnet transferred to Massachusetts. 1728. Montgomery Governor. 66 Public Free School in New York City. 1733. Quarrel between Cosby and Van Dam. 66 Zenger's "Weekly Journal" established. 1734. Zenger arrested. 1735. Zenger trial. 1736. Cosby succeeded by Clarke. 1737. New Assembly grants revenue for one year. Jews disfranchised. 1741. Second negro panic. 1743. Clinton Governor and popular discontent. 1745. Saratoga destroyed by French and Indians. 1746. Sir William Johnson made head of Indian Department. 1748. Great Indian council at Albany. 1753. Osborn follows Clinton. 1754. Albany Congress. 1755. Hardy made Governor. 1755. Fort Edward built and battle of Lake George won. 1756. French take Forts Ontario and Oswego. 1757. Fort William Henry surrendered to the French. 66 Indian massacres. 1758. English repulsed at Fort Ticonderoga. 66 Fort Frontenac captured by the English. 1759. All French posts in New York captured. 1760. De Lancey succeeded by Colden. 66 Navigation laws revived and enforced. 1761. Monckton becomes Governor. 1762. Contest over salary of Chief Justice. 1763. Sandy Hook lighthouse built. PART II. ERA OF STATEHOOD I. REVOLUTION AND TRANSITION CHAPTER XV. STRUGGLE FOR SELF-GOVERNMENT. Condition of the Colony.-More than $1,500,000 had been spent by New York, and hundreds of her sons had been slain to help England conquer France in America. In 1763 the population was about 100,000, of whom 15,000 were negroes. The war had settled the northern and western boundaries. New York City was the social, educational, and industrial center as well as the political capital. The colony was controlled by a few wealthy families, such as the Livingstons, Schuylers, Jays, Van Rensselaers, Philipses, Johnsons, De Lanceys, and Cortlandts, who possessed feudal-like powers. There were three newspapers in the metropolis, and one was started at Albany in 1771. King's College, the only one in the colony, had its origin in 1746 in an act of the assembly for raising £2,250 by lottery "toward the founding of a college." This college was organized in 1755, and after the Revolution became Columbia College.1 Dr. Samuel Johnson was its first presiden with a salary of £250.2 1 Now Columbia University. 2 Such men as John Jay, Gouverneur Morris, and Alexander Hamilton were trained there. |