INDEX OF AUTHORS BARTON, JAMES L. Reaction of the War upon Islam.. 187 DUBOIS, W. E. B. Of the Culture of White Folk... ELLIS, GEORGE W. The Negro in the New Democracy. BLAKESLEE, GEORGE H. True Pan-Americanism. BOSSERO, LUIS G. The Mexican Border Problem.. ELLIS, GEORGE W. Psychic Factors in the New American Race FINLEY, JOHN P. The Mohammedan Problem in the Philippines. Joint Contribution to Race Development.. NAON, R. S. The War in Europe and True Pan-Americanism. 342 1 410 329 434 74 467 27 319 385 448 47 149 208 489 Reid, GILBERT. Japan's Occupation of Shantung, China.. REID, GILBERT. The War To Be Ended as a "Draw;" as Viewed from Chinese Interests.. 14 ROBERTS, GEORGE E. Business after the War. 303 361 SINGH, SUNDER. The Hindu in Canada. SPENCER, DAVID S. The Political Development of the Japanese People 291 TREUDLEY, MARY. The United States and Santo Domingo (1789-1866) Part I.. 83 Part II. 220 WHITEHOUSE, J. HOWARD. The Effect of the War on English Life and Thought...... 158 NOTES AND REVIEWS BLAKESLEE, GEORGE H. (Editor). The Problems and Lessons of the War..... 147 HORNBECK, STANLEY K. Contemporary Politics in the Far East. 147 508 146 MILLARD, THOMAS F. Our Eastern Question. 146 Work, MonroE N. (Editor). The Negro Year Book. iii 383 Vol. 7 THE JOURNAL OF RACE DEVELOPMENT JULY, 1916 No. 1 THE MEXICAN BORDER PROBLEM: AN AUTHORITATIVE EXPRESSION OF THE MEXICAN VIEWPOINT1 By Honorable Luis G. Bossero, Mexico City The history of the Mexican revolution is a long one. It is the history of a people struggling against all kinds of oppression, oppression from the Spanish conquerors, oppression from native dictators and oppression from powerful foreign concessionaries sustained many times by their governments. Yet the Mexicans have won the final victory at home after the bloody struggle of the last five years. And now when we are at peace, when the de-facto government is endeavoring to restore order and begin the reconstruction of the country, we are confronted with the possibilities of war with a mightier nation. This war or intervention-it is designated by both terms-is the result of the plottings of the enemies of Mexican reform and progress, who are the losers in the fight against privilege and monopoly. These parties have succeeded in creating a state of lawlessness on some parts of the border which has resulted in the sending of an expedition into Mexico. There is every evidence that the people who have been urging the American government to intervene in Mexico for over two years were the very same men who helped to bring about the sad conditions on the border. Your Honorable President admitted that fact and even warned the American people against it, when he declared four months ago that there were persons along the border 1 An Address delivered June 29, before the Conference on International Relations held by the International Polity Clubs, at Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. 1 THE JOURNAL OF RACE DEVELOPMENT, VOL. 7, NO. 1, 1916 who were trying "to create intolerable friction between the government of the United States and the de-facto government of Mexico, for the purpose of bringing about intervention in the interest of certain American owners of Mexican property." It is to be regretted that at the time the Mexican raiders were pursued your government went to the extent of bringing into Mexico an army of 14,000 men with artillery, aeroplanes, etc., but left the mischief makers on this side of the border, those "American owners of Mexican property" or their agents to continue their operations with impunity. If mighty and weaker nations were accorded the same rights in this world, Mexico could have found as much right to send an expedition into the United States to prevent those "American owners" or their agents from doing mischief, as the United States thinks it had to send one into Mexico to prevent the raids. The United States army now assembled in Mexico might have been more effectively employed in the suppression of the raids by a convenient distribution of its forces along the border, in order to protect every region of it from the invasion of the raiders, and would have had moreover the advantage of preventing raids from being organized on this side of the boundary, as it is suspected was the case in some of them the Glenn Springs raid for instance. I am referring now to American suspicion,-American suspicions of Americans, as well as of Mexicans. Very well, we Mexicans are also suspicious of you. Indeed mutual suspicion is one of the causes of this threatened war. The gathering of such a force at one point and that point within the boundaries of Mexico is looked upon by the Mexicans and by many Americans as the first step towards actual intervention or war, for these two names mean the same thing. Let us consider now whether the United States has a sufficient cause or has a right or anything to gain by intervening or making war in Mexico under the pretext of the border raids. It is nearly ten months since the Villa and Zapata factions of Mexico were annihilated. It is because of |