The Footprints of Time

Wars - Marius, Sylla, Crassus, Pompey, Julius Cæsar-The Senate
Suspends the Constitution and ends the Republic - Death of Cæsar.

SECTION IX. The Roman Empire - Impossibility of restoring the Re-

public - Triumvirate and wars of Augustus, Antony and Lepidus —Au-

gustus Emperor of the World.

SECTION X. Influence of Christianity-The Jewish State - Influence on
it of Egypt, Asia and Greece - The New Morality of Christianity —
The persecution it provokes - Its growing influence on life and man.
ners - Unhappy effect of state patronage.
SECTION XI. The services of Great Men to Mankind - Difficulties of
progress among the Ancients - Assistance rendered by Great Men -
Office of early Poets - Of Legislators - Philosophers, Socrates, Plato,
Aristotle-Orators, Demosthenes and Cicero - Influence of Great con-
querors on progress· - Alexander the Great- Hannibal the unfortunate
- Cæsar, the successful - Brutus, the Patriot -Augustus the Emperor
-The elements of greatness in all men-Jesus Christ the Perfect Man.

SECTION XII. The Christian Era - Chronological history of the Emper-

rors-The triumph of Christianity and its corruption - The fall of the

Empire.

SECTION XIII.

Rise of Modern. Nations -

---

Incursions of Barbarians-
Their settlement in Gaul - Spain, Africa, Italy and Britain - Mahomet
and the great success of his followers - Charlemagne and the Popes --
Failure to found a Western Empire.

SECTION XIV. The Feudal System - Results from the condition of the

Empire and the character of the invaders - Rise and character of Chiv-

alry-The Crusades.

SECTION XV. The Liberties of the People-Influence of the Crusades-
Revival of Commerce and Learning.

SECTION XVI. The Situation on the Discovery of America.

SECTION XVII. Conclusion- Summary of Progress -The work assigned

to America.

CHAPTER II.

THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA....

148

Geographical ignorance of the Ancients - Columbus and his Ideas - His

difficulty in getting a hearing — Queen Isabella of Spain - Sets sail for

the New World-Why he thought it Asia—Origin of the name America.

CHAPTER III.

.151

HISTORY FROM 1492 TO 1763...

Various Discoveries - Sir Humphrey Gilbert fails twice to establish a Col-
ony-Sir Walter Raleigh-Settlements in Florida-Jamestown-Land-
ing of the Puritans-Other Settlements-Liberal character of Colonial
Governments-Colonies resist oppression—Indian Wars-French Wars
-Training they give the Colonies-Capture of Louisburg-Braddock's
Defeat-Colonists as Soldiers.

CHAPTER IV.

HISTORY-ORIGIN OF THE REVOLUTION

....162

British resolve to tax Colonies-Folly of that measure-Resistance in the

Colonies-British repeal the tax, BUT CLAIM THE RIGHT—Indig-

nation in the Colonies-Taxes again tried-Soldiers sent to Boston-

"Boston Massacre "-Tax on Tea-Colonies Organize against it-"Bos-

ton Tea Party"-Philadelphia-Boston Port Bill-First Congress-

"American Association "-Battle of Lexington-Second Congress-

Siege of Boston-Bunker Hill-British driven out-Battles in Canada.

CHAPTER V.

FORMATION OF THE ORIGINAL UNION.....

173

History of the various stages of Union among the States-Adoption of the

Articles of Confederation.

CHAPTER VI.

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

..175

Noble character of this Document-It speaks for all men and all times-

The Declaration.

CHAPTER VII.

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION.

...181

Full text of the Articles adopted in 1777, forming the Constitution for 12

years.

CHAPTER VIII.

REVOLUTIONARY WAR FROM 1776 To 1783... ....191

Battle of Long Island-Silent retreat at night-Washington driven across

the Delaware-His success in the Jerseys-Battles near Philadelphia-

Surrender of Burgoyne-Treaty with the French-French fleet-British

evacuate Philadelphia-Washington's success again in the Jerseys-

Southern War-Defeat of Gates-Treason of Arnold-Gen. Green and

Cornwallis-Lafayette and Cornwallis-Surrender of Cornwallis at

Yorktown-Review of the War-Financial Difficulties-Character of

the People-Peace at Last!

CHAPTER IX.

THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES

203

The Constitutional Convention of 1787-Defects of the Articles of Confed.

eration-Caution of Statesmen and the People-Result of the Conven-

tion-Full text of the Constitution and Amendments.

CHAPTER X.

THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS..

225

Names of Presidents of the Continental Congress-The various Seats of

Government from 1774 to 1789.

PART SECOND.

THE GOVERNMENT UNDER THE CONSTITUTION

PAGE.

....226

The Three Branches of the Government-Arrangement of this Work-
Excellence of the Organization-Comparison of the United States with
Mexico-With Ireland-Why it has prospered.

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

His place in the Government-He is its active force-Conditions of birth,

age, and residence-How he is elected-His powers and duties-List of

His position mainly honorary-His only duty-When he may become

President-List of Vice-Presidents.

THE CABINET.

CHAPTER III.

236

Number and offices of members-Their duties-President's will supreme-

Their means of aiding him-The character and ability required.

CHAPTER IV.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE.....

239

Title of chief officer-Conducts our Foreign business-Range of his

duties Qualifications required-Lists of Secretaries of State.

CHAPTER V.

OUR REPRESENTATIVES IN FOREIGN LANDS

243

The dignity of their Official Character-The immunities it confers-Am-

bassadors - Ministers Plenipotentiary - Ministers - Resident-Charge

d'Affaires-Commissioners-The high abilities required in Foreign

Ministers.

CHAPTER VI.

TREATIES-EXTRADITION TREATIES

246

Nature of a Treaty-Its binding power-Has the force of Law-The Rus-

sian Treaty in full-What Extradition Treaties are-What classes of

criminals they apply to-Countries with which we have Extradition

Treaties.

CHAPTER VII.

BUSINESS REPRESENTATIVES

256

Consuls and their duties-Their official character-Their number-Extra

powers in Turkey, etc.

PASSPORTS

CHAPTER VIII.

Their character-Their protective power-Who give them.

CHAPTER IX.

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

.258

....260

Its importance-Secretary of the Treasury-Great extent of his depart-

ment-Its thorough organization-The security of public funds-The

various bureaus-List of Secretaries of the Treasury.

CHAPTER X.

THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM OF THE UNITED STATES. ....263

How government income is obtained-Duties-Internal Revenue -Differ-

ence of views-Finance a study for the people.

CHAPTER XI.

DUTIES AND TARIFFS

....266

Explanation of terms-Ease of raising revenue from Tariffs-Two kinds

of Tariff-What is a Protective Tarift-Tonnage.

CHAPTER XII.

COLLECTION OF DUTIES...

...272

Custom Houses-Their number and location-Officers and their duties-

Their compensation-Revenue Cutters-Ship's papers.

CHAPTER XIII.

GOVERNMENT COINAGE

...278

The Mint-Relations to the United States Treasury-Artistic skill-Coins

-Assay offices-Their relation to commerce and to individuals.

CHAPTER XIV.

NATIONAL BANKING.

...283

Relations of Currency to the Treasury-Government control of Banks and

their issues-Security of Currency.

CHAPTER XV.

FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE UNITED STATES

....286

Great resources of the country-Aggregate wealth of the people-
Resources of the general government-Public lands-Mines-Nationaì
wealth-The National Debt-Reasons for not paying it at once-Table
of Statistics- Public Debt for every year-National Securities.

CHAPTER XVI.

WAR DEPARTMENT.....

291

Secretary of War-Organization of his department-Various Bureaus-
List of Secretaries of War.

CHAPTER XVII.

THE U. S. ARMY.

....294

Its history shows great military ability-The peaceful policy of the