at the capitol of the State, and which shall be under the management and control of a Board of Agriculture and Immigration, composed of one member from each congressional district, who shall be a practical farmer, appointed by the Governor for a term of four years, subject to confirmation by the Senate, and the president of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute, who shall be ex-officio a member of the board; provided, that members of the board first appointed under this Constitution from the congressional districts bearing odd numbers shall hold office for two years.

Powers and duties of same.

Sec. 144. The powers and duties of the board shall be prescribed by law; provided, that it shall have power to elect and remove its officers, and establish elsewhere in the State subordinate branches of said department.

Commissioner of Agriculture and Immigration; term of office; how elected; powers and duties.

Sec. 145. There shall be a Commissioner of Agriculture and Immigration, whose term of office shall be four years, and who shall be elected by the qualified voters of the State, and whose powers and duties shall be prescribed by the Board of Agriculture and Immigration until otherwise provided by law.

President of Agriculture and Immigration to be ex-officio member of Board of Visitors of Virginia Polytechnic Institute.

Sec. 146. The president of the Board of Agriculture and Immigration shall be ex-officio a member of the Board of Visitors of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute.

ARTICLE XI.

Public Institutions and Prisons.

State penitentiary.

Sec. 147. There shall be a State penitentiary, with such branch prisons and prison farms as may be provided by law.

Board of directors of same, number, how appointed, powers; superintendents and surgeons.

Sec. 148. There shall be appointed by the Governor, subject to confirmation by the Senate, a board of five directors, which, subject to such regulations and requirements as may be prescribed by law, shall have the government and control of the penitentiary, branch prisons and prison farms, and shall appoint the superintendents and surgeons thereof. The respective superintendents shall appoint, and may remove, all other officers and employees of the penitentiary, branch prisons and prison farms, subject to the approval of the board of directors. The superintendents and surgeons shall be appointed for a term of four years, and be removable by the board of directors for misbehavior, incapacity, neglect of official duty, or acts performed without authority of law. The terms of the directors first appointed shall be one, two, three, four and five years, respectively, and thereafter, upon the expiration of the term of a director, his successor shall be appointed for a term of five years.

Boards of directors for State Hospitals for the Insane, number of members; how appointed, powers and terms of office. Sec. 149. For each State hospital for the insane now existing, or hereafter established, there shall be a special board of directors, consisting of three members, who shall be appointed by the Governor, subject to confirmation

by the Senate; such board shall have the management of the hospital for which it is appointed, under the supervision and control of the general board of directors hereinafter constituted. The terms of the directors first appointed shall be two, four and six years, respectively, and thereafter, upon the expiration of the term of a member, his successor shall be appointed for a term of six years. General board of directors of State Hospitals for the Insane, composition and powers.

Sec. 150. There shall be a general board of directors for the control and management of all the State hospitals for the insane now existing or hereafter established, which shall consist of all the directors appointed members of the several special boards. The general board of directors shall be subject to such regulations and requirements as the General Assembly may from time to time prescribe, and shall have full power and control over the special boards of directors and all of the officers and employees of the said hospitals.

Superintendents of State Hospitals for the Insane; how appointed; how and for what removable; powers; how other resident officers of insane hospitals appointed; terms of office of superintendents.

Sec. 151. The general board of directors shall appoint for a term of four years a superintendent for each hospital, who shall be removable by said board for misbehavior, incapacity, neglect of official duty, or acts performed without authority of law. The special board of each hospital shall, subject to the approval of the general board, appoint for a term of four years all other resident officers. The superintendent of each hospital shall appoint, and may remove, with the approval of the special board, all other employees of such hospital.

Commissioner of State Hospitals for the Insane; how appointed; term of office, powers and duties; bond, salary.

Sec. 152. There shall be a Commissioner of State Hospitals for the Insane, who shall be appointed by the Governor, subject to confirmation by the Senate, for a term of four years. He shall be ex-officio chairman of the general and of each of the special boards of directors, and shall be responsible for the proper disbursement of all moneys appropriated or received from any source for the maintenance of such hospitals; he shall cause to be established and maintained at all of the hospitals a uniform system of keeping the records and the accounts of money received and disbursed and of making the reports thereof. He shall perform such other duties and shall execute such bond and receive such salary as may be prescribed by law.

ARTICLE XII.

Corporations.

Definition of terms used in article; article not to conflict with Federal Constitution.

Sec. 153. As used in this article, the term "corporation" or "company" shall include all trusts, associations and joint stock companies having any powers or privileges not possessed by individuals or unlimited partnerships, and exclude all municipal corporations and public institutions owned or controlled by the State; the term "charter" shall be construed to mean the charter of incorporation by, or under, which any such corporation is formed; the term "transportation company" shall include any company, trustee, or other person owning, leasing or operating for hire a railroad, street railway, canal, steamboat or steamship line, and also any freight car company, car

association, or car trust, express company, or company, trustee or person in any way engaged in business as a common carrier over a route acquired in a whole or in part under the right of eminent domain; the term "rate" shall be construed to mean "rate of charge for any service rendered or to be rendered"; the terms "rate," "charge" and "regulation" shall include joint rates, joint charges and joint regulations, respectively; the term "transmission company" shall include any company owning, leasing, or operating for hire, any telegraph or telephone line; the term "freight" shall be construed to mean any property transported, or received for transportation, by any transportation company; the term "public service corporation" shall include all transportation and transmission companies, all gas, electric light, heat and power companies, and all persons authorized to exercise the right of eminent domain, or to use or occupy any street, alley or public highway, whether along, over, or under the same, in a manner not permitted to the general public; the term "person," as used in this article, shall include individuals, partnerships and corporations, in the singular as well as plural number; the term "bond" shall mean all certificates, or written evidences, of indebtedness issued by any corporation and secured by mortgage of trust deed; the term "frank" shall be construed to mean any writing or token, issued by, or under authority of, a transmission company, entitling the holder to any service from such company free of charge. The provisions of this article shall always be so restricted in their application as not to conflict with any of the provisions of the Federal Constitution, and as if the necessary limitations upon their interpretation had been herein expressed in each case.