1869. CONVENTION ADDITIONAL TO EXTRADITION CONVENTION, 1868. Concluded January 21, 1869; ratification advised by the Senate February 16, 1869; ratified by the President February 23, 1869; ratifications exchanged May 7, 1869; proclaimed May 11, 1869. (Treaties and Conventions, 1889, p. 580.) ADDITIONAL ARTICLE RELATING TO THE CRIME OF EMBEZZLEMENT.a It is agreed that the concluding paragraph of the second Article of the Convention aforesaid shall be so amended as to read as follows: 8. Embezzlement by any person or persons hired or salaried, to the detriment of their employers when these crimes are subject to infamous punishment according to the laws of the United States, and criminal punishment according to the laws of Italy. In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the present Article in duplicate and have affixed thereto the seal of their arms. Done at Washington the 21st day of January, 1869. [SEAL. SEAL. 1871. TREATY OF COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION. Concluded February 26, 1871; ratification advised by the Senate April 15, 1871; ratified by the President April 29, 1871; ratifications exchanged November 18, 1871; proclaimed November 23, 1871. (Treaties and Conventions, 1889, p. 581). The United States of America and His Majesty the King of Italy, desiring to extend and facilitate the relations of commerce and navigation between the two countries, have determined to conclude a a See Article II, p. 447. Federal case: Cantini v. Tillman, 54 Fed. Rep., 969; Storti v. Massachusetts, 183 U. S., 138. S. Doc. 318, 58-2-29 treaty for that purpose and have named as their respective plenipotentiaries: The United States of America, George Perkins Marsh, their Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary near His Majesty the King of Italy; And His Majesty the King of Italy, the Noble Emilio Visconti Venosta, Grand Cordon of his Orders of the Saints Maurice and Lazarus, and of the Crown of Italy, Deputy in Parliament, and his Minister Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. And the said plenipotentiaries, having exchanged their full powers, found in good and due form, have concluded and signed the following articles: ARTICLE I. There shall be between the territories of the High Contracting Parties a reciprocal liberty of Commerce and Navigation. Italian citizens in the United States, and citizens of the United States in Italy, shall mutually have liberty to enter with their ships and cargoes all the ports of the United States and of Italy respectively, which may be open to foreign commerce. They shall also have liberty to sojourn and reside in all parts whatever of said territories. They shall enjoy respectively, within the states and possessions of each party, the same rights, privileges, favors, immunities and exemptions for their commerce and navigation as the natives of the country wherein they reside, without paying other or higher duties or charges than are paid by the natives, on condition of their submitting to the laws and ordinances there prevailing. War vessels of the two Powers shall receive, in their respective ports, the treatment of those of the most favored nation. ARTICLE II. The citizens of each of the high contracting parties shall have liberty to travel in the states and territories of the other, to carry on trade, wholesale and retail, to hire and occupy houses and warehouses, to employ agents of their choice, and generally to do anything incident to or necessary for trade upon the same terms as the natives of the country, submitting themselves to the laws there established. ARTICLE III. The citizens of each of the high contracting parties shall receive, in the states and territories of the other, the most constant protection and security for their persons and property, and shall enjoy in this respect the same rights and privileges as are or shall be granted to the natives, on their submitting themselves to the conditions imposed upon the natives. They shall, however, be exempt in their respective territories, from compulsory military service either on land or sea, in the regular forces, or in the national guard, or in the militia. They shall likewise be exempt from any judicial or municipal office, and from any contribution whatever in kind or in money, to be levied in compensation for personal services. ARTICLE IV. The citizens of neither of the contracting parties shall be liable, in the states or territories of the other, to any embargo nor shall they be detained with their vessels, cargoes, merchandise, or effects, for any military expedition, nor for any public or private purpose whatsoever, without allowing to those interested a sufficient indemnifica tion, previously agreed upon when possible. ARTICLE V. The high contracting parties agree, that whatever kind of produce, manufactures, or merchandize of any foreign country can be from time to time lawfully imported into the United States, in their own vessels, may be also imported in Italian vessels; that no other or higher duties upon the tonnage of the vessel or her cargo shall be levied and collected, whether the importation be made in vessels of the one country or of the other; and in like manner, that whatsoever kind of produce, manufactures, or merchandize of any foreign country can be from time to time lawfully imported into Italy, in its own vessels, may be also imported in vessels of the United States, and that no higher or other duties upon the tonnage of the vessel or her cargo shall be levied and collected, whether the importation be made in vessels of the one country or of the other; and they further agree that whatever may be lawfully exported and re-exported from the one country, in its own vessels, to any foreign country, may in the like manner be exported or re-exported in the vessels of the other country, and the same bounties, duties and drawbacks shall be allowed and collected whether such exportation or re-exportation be made in vessels of the United States or of Italy. ARTICLE VI. No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the United States of any articles, the produce or manufactures of Italy, and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into Italy of any articles the produce or manufactures of the United States, than are or shall be payable on the like articles, being the produce or the manufactures of any other foreign country; nor shall any other or higher duties or charges be imposed, in either of the two countries, on the exportation of any articles to the United States or to Italy respectively, than such as are payable on the exportation of the like articles to any foreign country, nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the importation or the exportation of any articles, the produce or manufactures of the United States or of Italy, to or from the territories of the United States, or to or from the territories of Italy, which shall not equally extend to all other nations. ARTICLE VII. Vessels of the United States arriving at a port of Italy, and reciprocally vessels of Italy arriving at a port of the United States, may proceed to any other port of the same country, and may there discharge such part of their original cargoes as may not have been discharged at the port where they first arrived; it is however understood and agreed, that nothing contained in this article shall apply to the coastwise navigation, which each of the two contracting parties reserves exclusively to itself. ARTICLE VIII. The following shall be exempt from paying tonnage, anchorage and clearance duties in the respective ports: 1st. Vessels entering in ballast; and leaving again in ballast, from whatever port they may come. 2. Vessels passing from a port of either of the two states into one or more ports of the same state, therein to discharge a part or all of their cargo, or take in or complete their cargo, whenever they shall furnish proof of having already paid the aforesaid duties. 3. Loaded vessels entering a port, either voluntarily or forced from stress of weather, and leaving it without having disposed of the whole or part of their cargoes, or having therein completed their cargoes. No vessel of the one country which may be compelled to enter a port of the other, shall be regarded as engaging in trade if it merely breaks bulk for repairs, transfers her cargo to another vessel on account of unseaworthiness, purchases stores or sells damaged goods for re-exportation. It is, however, understood that all portions of such damaged goods destined to be sold for internal consumption shall be liable to the payment of custom duties. ARTICLE IX. When any vessel belonging to the citizens of either of the contracting parties shall be wrecked, foundered, or shall suffer any damage, on the coasts or within the dominions of the other, there shall be given to it all assistance and protection in the same manner which is usual and customary with the vessels of the nation where the damage happens, permitting them to unload the said vessel, if necessary, of its merchandize and effects, and to reload the same, or part thereof, paying no duties whatsoever but such as shall be due upon the articles left for consumption. ARTICLE X. Vessels of either of the contracting parties shall have liberty, within the territories and dominions of the other, to complete their crew, in order to continue their voyage, with sailors articled in the country, provided they submit to the local regulations, and their enrollment be voluntary. ARTICLE XI. All ships, merchandize and effects belonging to the citizens of one of the contracting paries, which may be captured by pirates, whether within the limits of its jurisdiction, or on the high seas, and may be carried or found in the rivers, roads, bays, ports or dominions of the other, shall be delivered up to the owners, they proving in due and proper form their rights before the competent tribunals; it being well understood that the claim should be made within the term of one year by the parties themselves, their attorneys or agents of the respective Governments. ARTICLE XII. The high contracting parties agree that in the unfortunate event of a war between them, the private property of their respective citizens and subjects with the exception of contraband of war, shall be exempt from capture or seizure on the high seas or elsewhere, by the armed vessels or by the military forces of either party; it being understood that this exemption shall not extend to vessels and their cargoes, which may attempt to enter a port blockaded by the naval forces of either party. ARTICLE XIII. The high contracting parties having agreed that a state of war between one of them and a third Power shall not, except in the cases of blockade, and contraband of war, affect the neutral commerce of the other, and being desirous of removing every uncertainty which may hitherto have arisen respecting that which upon principles of fairness and justice ought to constitute a legal blockade, they hereby expressly declare, that such places only shall be considered blockaded as shall be actually invested by naval forces capable of preventing the entry of neutrals, and so stationed as to create an evident danger on their part to attempt it. ARTICLE XIV. And whereas it frequently happens that vessels sail for a port or a place belonging to an enemy, without knowing that the same is besieged, blockaded or invested, it is agreed that every vessel so circumstanced may be turned away from such port or place, but shall not be detained, nor shall any part of her cargo, if not contraband of war, be confiscated, unless, after a warning of such blockade or investment from an officer commanding a vessel of the blockading forces, by an endorsement of such officer on the papers of the vessel mentioning the date, and the latitude and longitude where such endorsement was made, she shall again attempt to enter; but she shall be permitted to go to any other port or place she shall think proper. Nor shall any vessel of either that may have entered into such a port before the same was actually besieged, blockaded or invested by the other, be restrained from quitting such place with her cargo, nor, if found therein after the reduction and surrender, shall such vessel or her cargo be liable to confiscation, but they shall be restored to the owners thereof; and if any vessel, having thus entered any port before the blockade took place, she shall take on board a cargo after the blockade be established, she shall be subject to being warned by the blockading forces to return to the port blockaded, and discharge the said cargo, and if after receiving the said warning, the vessel shall persist in going out with the cargo, she shall be liable to the same consequences as a vessel attempting to enter a blockaded port, after being warned off by the blockading forces. ARTICLE XV. The liberty of navigation and commerce secured to neutrals by the stipulations of this Treaty shall extend to all kinds of merchandize excepting those only which are distinguished by the name of contraband of war. And, in order to remove all causes of doubt and misunderstanding upon this subject, the contracting parties expressly |