the Hindu people. But you must understand that if it was hard for you to get along with your autocracy, it is even more difficult for the much suffered Hindu people to fight the foreign imperialism! In India every year millions of Hindus die of hunger in the literal sense of the word in spite of the fact that this country is fruitful and is not in the same condition as Russia is now, when she is surrounded from all sides by enemies who are blockading her. The dying out of the Hindu people is explained exclusively only by the fact that the English imperialism presses all the juices out of us by exporting everything that is needed by the Hindu people to Europe. I have heard and know what a terrible fight is fought against the Russian liberating movement, but the words of the preceding orator, the English representative convinced me also that the Russian people have not only enemies but also allies, and such an ally is also the nation in whose name I am now speaking. This harassed, much suffered, thirsting for liberation from an imperialistic oppression, people understand the hopes and sufferings of the Russian people, share its ideals and hopes that the time will come when it will be able to render actual assistance. I want to attract your attention to the following. Before me the representation of the English people, Comrade Feinberg, had the word I do not see in him an enemy but, on the contrary my brother in the struggle because the enemy of the Hindu and the English toiling peoples are not Englishmen but the English imperialists. Once more I want to thank you for the hospitality, with the conviction that the united efforts of all oppressed nations will succeed to strengthen on earth the triumph of justice, freedom and socialism. (Applause. The International.)

Redcheb Bombi. (The representative of Persia). Greetings to you, comrades and brothers, from the laboring revolutionary people of Persia! A greeting to Soviet Russia, who has lifted the banner of the real liberation of the working people of the entire world and the toiling classes from the oppression and exploitation of the world's capital. Greetings to you comrades, greetings to Soviet Russia, from the revolutionary party of Persia.

Several years ago our famous poet expressed himself against the bourgeoisie in the following verses (speaks in Persian) which means translated: "Don't make agreements with a rich man, do not expect success from an agreement with him, amounts to the same as to hold in the pocket a poisonous snake,

it

Comrades, you are

which, some way or other, will sting you." sons of the people. We fight for its rights. The bourgeoisie is our eternal enemy. We waive all agreements with this unexampled greedy and cruel oppressor of the working class of all nations. We accept the struggle, death or victory. There are no ways of retreat. We are sons of the people, we believe in it. We believe in our victory, we believe that the dawn which has lighted the world will embrace also revolutionary Persia.

Considering the fact that during recent events in Persia despotism ruled in Russia and that the Russian people is unacquainted with these events, I find it necessary to relate before you the treachery of the bourgeoisie and to tell you something about the history of Persia.

Comrades, Persia was robbed twice by organized capitalistic bands. One is the European organized band, the other is the Asiatic organized band. The European consisted of Russian and English capitalists, who came to Persia and leased there from the government or the landowners settlements, and organized there an armed force out of the runaway convicts, the arms for which were distributed by the embassy. During harvesting time they took everything from the poor peasants that they had, so that the peasants had nothing left of their labors for their living, and in order to support their families the peasants had to leave their native country and look for work, and in the meantime their families died of starvation and cold. The Asiatic organized band conducted themselves even worse. The officials of the Shah sold entire provinces for a certain sum to some grandees who went out there with their farmers and robbed the poor peasants and treated them as they pleased. For that reason the people revolted. And, at last, there was organized in Persia a group of republicans. This group considered it its first duty to put an end to its bitterest enemy, the Shah, who was killed. As a consequence of the repressions, which were effected after this murder, the movement quieted down in Persia, but the underground work continued all the time, and after ten years a new revolution broke out. As a consequence there came the conquest of a broad constitution, but it could not last long, because now the foreign imperialism would not stand for the growth of revolution in Persia. It was decidedly unprofitable to despotic England, because she could not get big concessions. The imperialists crushed with all their might the first Persian revolution, sometimes even by having

recourse to the Russian army. The same condition prevailed also after the February revolution because Kerensky was an humble servant of English imperialism, and only the October revolution showed all the oriental people the sincerity of Russian Socialism in the form of the Bolsheviki.

The October revolution destroyed the treaty of 1907 between Russia and England; renounced all annihilation ideas; called back from Persia the army and laid a solid foundation to the social revolution of the world.

Comrades, after the October revolution, we appeal to you as to friends and brothers. We have succeeded in getting 13,800 Persians into the lines of the Red Army and we would be happy to organize a still closer union between Russia and revolutionary Persia.

Comrades, give us a chance to fight in line with you and we will put forth a Red Army of 100,000. (Applause. Shouts, Hurrah.)

We will start to fight in line with you and at the same time. we will organize a group of propagandists whom we will sen through Persia and India, and they uniting with the Indian revolutionaries will destroy English imperialism. (Applause.)

Comrades, we the representatives of the East, were brought here by the mutual enemy, and we are happy to say this to you and to entire Russia. (Applause.)

HALDERS (a young American workingman, the first American soldier taken as a prisoner from the camps of the reign of capitalism and brought into the camp of Socialism).— I left America thinking that we were taken to fight Germany. Our transport consisting of twelve vessels left New York on July 16th for Liverpool. In England we were told that from there we would be taken to London and further to the French front in order to escape navigation on the British water on account of mines. Our 85th Division was, however, sent on the 21st of August instead of to France to Archangelsk, where we were taken supposedly to guard the railroad. But actually after our arrival in Archangelsk on the 16th of September, we were sent to the Russian front to fight against the Russian people, being assured that the Russians stole provisions, ammunitions, metals and arms and in general everything that could be carried away and took it into Germany. "If you are taken prisoners by them," was said of the Russians, "then you are done for with absolute mercilessness, like an animal."

Surrounded by Russians, we were taken prisoners in November and awaited a quick end. Great was my surprise, when on the order of an officer I was turned over to the Russians and was treated better than I had been in my own division. Then only I understood why we were told legends about the Russians!

With great pleasure I was present in Vologda on the anniversary of the October revolution and must express my surprise about the work which the Russian people did in these months in spite of the fact that it had been kept for a long time during the former regime in ignorance and darkness, without any schools. And I have nothing more to say except to wish a further success to the Russian Soviet Federated and Socialistic Republic. After you and following your example the red flag will soon wave everywhere, in the whole world, to the blessing of the toiling people. In any case when I return to America, then on my side I shall do everything possible in order to help to hoist this banner also in America and to conquer also for the American workingmen a chance to enjoy true freedom and the fruits of their hands! (Applause "International.")

SUBHI (the Turkish Communist, speaks in the Turkish language). What a happiness it is to speak here in Petrograd in the center of the great revolution, which must change the future of the whole world, to speak in the name of the oppressed Turkish proletariat and the Turkish peasants, in the name of that nation which has suffered so much from the oppression of rapacious imperialism, and is perishing in the tenacious clutches of the forcible civilization of the West The Turkish people, crushed and oppressed, is called a barbaric nation. Unquestionably there are in Turkey as in every other country many barbarians and traitors committing murders and sucking the blood of the people: these are the Turkish pashas, drinking not only the Armenian blood, but also the blood of the Turkish proletariat. Not the masses of the oppressed people but the pashas and the Sultans are these barbarians. The comrades, the representatives of the working men and peasants, who were in Russia after the October revolution, decided to arise and fight capital and before all to destroy the rapacious barbarians who are called rulers.

Eight months ago when the Turkish generals intended to send a Turkish army to take the banks of the Caspian Sea, Persia and Turkestan, the Turkish revolutionaries raised bravely in Moscow the red banner and set forth against the adventurous strivings of the Turkish generals. The Turkish ambassador in Moscow,

desiring to deafen our voice, bombarded the government of the Russian Republic with persistent notes wherein he demanded that we be deported immediately from Russia, at the same time conducting a propaganda against us in the centers of the Mussulman nations, in Tashkent, Orenburg, Kazan, and trying with all their might to destroy their work. In the articles of bourgeois papers directed against us questions of this kind appeared: Who are the people who play wth the faith and most sacred ideas of the Turco-Tartar nation at a time when the Mussulman world celebrates a victory of the Turkish army in the depths of Asia? To what religion do these people belong and what is their nationality? And when the embassy tried to fool with these Jesuistic questions the whole eastern Mussulman world, we the Turkish

Internationalists, declared solemnly solemnly that the whole world is our home country and the whole humanity is our nation. And thus raising boldly the red banner of revolution, we decided to go against the current, against the people who have united around the Turkish imperialism. It is true for a time we remained alone on the road leading to the fulfillment of our ideas. But now the entire East goes with us. Comrades when the English-French robbers took Constantinople together with the Turkish imperialists, all lying voices who talked against us disappeared; it became clear that the oppressed poor class does not have a better friend than the great Russian revolution!

Already in 1908 a part of the Turkish youths understood that the people could find its salvation only in a social revolution. But every tie with Socialism was suppressed and the loud voice of the unforgettable Shores, raised in defense of the oppressed people, remained the clamouring voice in the desert. Only the friends of Shores did not give up the work started by him, and now here, in Russia, has been organized the revolutionary hearth. The conviction of the Russian comrades that through a universal social revolution may be accomplished the economic and social rebirth of the Orient strengthened even more in us after the great October events.

I will give an interesting example which shows that this conviction is not only shared among the Turkish proletariat but also among the Turkish intellectuals. After the October revolution when the question was decided at the Constantinople University who should receive the Noble Prize, the Turkish youths, regardless of the pressure of the Turkish professors, awarded it to Comrade Lenin (applause) and showed thereby once more that