"This is the background of the gray picture, who stands out from the Penumbra? The individual Anarchist. Anarchist, I say, because according to my opinion an Anarchist is one who refuses to obey none other but his own laws.

It is on this account that the anarchist remains isolated and is not understood. It is on this account that he is classed as a splendid egoist and a powerful enemy. It is on this account that he must open a passageway for himself by using bombs or Brownings (revolvers) as Bonnot did from the red automobile. It is the atrocious struggle without quarters. I expect nothing from the revolution. This is an affair for the multitudes.

"I, an Anarchist, am not avoiding the tragedy.

"SMELL OF POWDER

"In spite of H. M., the Emperor, Woodrow Wilson and of the Wall Street sharks, five hundred thousand coal miners have left the subterranean caves. It is a gigantic strike, rendered still greater if we take into consideration that the steel workers' strike is going on for several weeks.

"The coal miners, who have often given words of their combativeness, not with words in Colorado, and precisely in Ludlow, ask for six hours work a day for five days with sixty per cent. increase.

"The Democratic Government of Uncle Sam with Czar W. Wilson at its head, issued a decree forbidding the eightyfour leaders of the United Miners Workers of America to communicate in any way with the strikers and to stop the distribution of weekly benefits they are entitled to during the strike. To such an end $15,000,000 have been requested by the United States Supreme Court. The Draconian order completely isolates the organizers of the strike who can not help the miners neither morally nor financially.

"War measures have been proclaimed in all mining districts.

"MINERS!

MEMBER!

STRIKERS IN GENERAL!

RE

"In this Republic of sharks and pimps' nothing can be obtained without violence!

"Tooth for tooth and FORWARD!"

Mariani has been held by the city magistrate under $15,000 bail for action by the Grand Jury.

It may be noted in passing that this paper was first found by an agent of this Committee, and turned over to the Department of Justice.

At the time of the arrest of Mariani, several other clandestine anarchist sheets were found, they being "Inconoclasta," "Il Nuova Vassillo," "Aurora," "Il Libertiore," "Il Proletariat," "Volonta."

An interesting illustration of the character of the propaganda circulated during the war by anonymous anarchist groups is the following:

"REFUSE TO KILL OR BE KILLED

"You are against murder and bloodshed, you have no special grievance against the working class of Germany. All you ask for is to get along peacefully, express yourself, make a living, and take care of your family. You don't want war and you didn't ask the president or any one else to declare

war.

"But you will ask: What can I do if I am drafted and ordered to fight? Well; what would happen if you did obey the president and fought for your country? You would probably be killed and lose what little you have, and your family would suffer. Now, if you don't become a professional murderer (a soldier); and refuse to obey the president, nothing worse can happen to you, can it? Oh, but you will say, 'I would have a chance to live.' Well, those ten million men who were killed in Europe, and those twenty million who were injured, didn't have much of a chance, did they? And those who lived didn't get much joy out of life. It isn't a very happy feeling to realize that you have deliberately killed hundreds of inoffensive fellows just like yourself, and who never did you any harm, and who didn't want to fight any more than you do. You may think that you could avoid killing anyone. Nearly everybody who puts on a uniform thinks that, but when once you put on a soldier's clothes and get into the crowd of trained murderers, you are lost and you will do just as you are ordered. No man is brave or strong or lucky enough to escape killing when once he has the uniform on. Now this is the truth, and the history of a hundred million men in arms proves it. Don't try to bluff yourself

or anyone else. You must realize that if you join the army you will do just as you are told to do, and if you have any courage or humanity to assert, the time to do it is before you get into the uniform.

"You may agree with all of this, but still you ask, 'What can I do?' We don't believe in telling people what to do. You have a mind and a conscience and you believe in brotherhood and real democracy. If you think murder is wrong, REFUSE TO JOIN THE ARMY or any military body. Then if the government wants to kill you or put you in jail, you will have done your part, and have been faithful to your conscience and humanity, and the world will be the better for your courage and determination.

"No matter what the government or the other fellow does, let's you and I be faithful to mankind and REFUSE TO GO TO WAR.

(Form No. 50950-M- Underground Press.)

"ANARCHISTS"

For the circulation of such propaganda, Jacob Abrams and six associates were arrested, tried and convicted under the Espionage Act, and the judgment of conviction affirmed by the United States Supreme Court.

A group of anarchists, styling themselves, "The American Anarchist Federated Commune Soviets," conduct a systematic campaign, publishing numerous handbills and a bulletin known as "Anarchist Soviet Bulletin." It is particularly interesting because of the sympathy shown for the Russian Soviet regime in these documents, more particularly so because in Soviet Russia the anarchist group themselves have been declared to be counterrevolutionary.

The July issue of the "Anarchist Soviet Bulletin was found in large quantities at the New York Public Library, where it had been left so that it might be picked up and read by passersby. A typical article in this issue is entitled, "Time for Action," which we quote as follows:

"TIME FOR ACTION

This important question must be answered and answered quickly by you the workers of America! The Allies and the United States have not only thrown off their masks and shown you their treachery and hypocrisy by giving out their