to mislead the physician in regard to the main disease present and cause him to overlook the chest trouble. Expectoration is not observed as the child is too young, and if it occurs it is never the typical sputa of lobar pneumonia. There is decided dyspnea

and the retraction of the ribs and intercostal spaces especially at the lower or lateral portion of the chest, and the depression of the epigastrium are well marked. The pulse ranges from 120 to 200; the latter number has been observed by Morrill a number of times in cases terminating favorably. An irregular pulse is a bad omen. The respiratory movements may reach from 50 to 70 a minute, and the breathing it thoracic instead of abdominal; expiration is accompanied with a moaning sound.

The occurrence of Cheyne-Stokes res. piration portends a fatal issue usually; suffocative paroxysms or "sinking spells" occur where there is much collapse of lung tissue.

The temperature may reach 104 to 105 there is no uniform curve to it; neither is there any regular ratio between the pulse, temperature and respiration. In broncho-pneumonia evidence of consolidation is usually obtainable in both lungs before the case ends; on percussion there is rarely marked dullness but there is a lack of resonance over considerable lung tissue; rales are heard over both lungs, especially the moist sub-crepitant ra.es or a coarse cre pitation.

Treatment.-We

have no known means of aborting or cutting short either form of pneumonia. Both forms are self-limited diseases, and we can 10 nothing more than sustain the system by appropriate foods and stimulents, and make the patient comfortable by relieving unpleasant symptoms, such as pain, cough, sleeplessness, etc., while the disease runs its course.

The patient should be kept in a large airy room at a temperature of 70 degrees to 75 degrees; free from draughts and with an open fire place if possible. A light cotton jacket should be worn over the chest; poultices and wet dressings of all kinds should be avoided; the chest may be frequently oiled with champored oil or vaseline.

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Opium to relieve pain and cough is almost always indicated, but should be stopped at once if the power of expectoration becomes less. Dover's powder or paregoric are the best forms for administering it. Alcoholic stimulation is rarely needed in the lobar form

of

but in the severe broncho-pneumonic form it is the rmedy par excellence. It should be given fearlessly in bad cases. I have often given a teaspoonful whisky every hour to very young infants, it is the best given with milk. As a rule children take brandy better than any other stimulent, champagne is rarely relished by young children.

As expectoration is the chief safeguard against pulmonary collapse, the use of opium in severe cases where the cough is infrequent and powerless, should be avoided; in its place should be given the stimulating expectorants, such as carbonate of ammonia and squills; but the best remedy for weak expectorating powers is alcohol; senega also induces continuous cough; in some cases, however, it is necessary to produce emesis in order to cause the expulsion of the obstructing mucuous; for this purpose turpeth nineral or ipecac in five grain doses in usually sufficient.

To reduce the fever we have the bath sponging, and the various coal tar derivative antipyretics; of the latter phenacetine only is comparatively safe, but even that should be given cautiously and not in cases that are extremely asthentic; for the relief of fever and the dyspnoea accompanying it, nothing excels the tepid bath.

The child should be frequently submerged in a bath of a temperature of 100 degrees Fahrenheit. If very young it can be placed in a large towel gathered at the head and feet like a hammock, and gradually lowered into the water until all but the face is covered. This maneuver, if carefully executed, seldom excites any apprehension on the part of the patient, who should be taken out at the expiration of ten or fifteen minutes, wrapped at once in a blanket, and laid on the bed, where it frequently gets a refreshing sleep. This may be repeated several times a day to reduce high temperature, which may in itself be a cause of dyspnoea as well as a menace to life." Sometimes placing the patient in a steam tent is very beneficial when the dyspnoea is paroxysmal and not apparently caused by obstruction of bronchial tubes.

The diet should consist of milk broths and cereal preparations; the white of an egg in cold water with brandy is easily assimilated and very nutrious. During the course of the disease the child's position should be frequently changed so as to prevent hypostatic congestion and pulmonary collapse.

The Real Value of the Medicinal Peroxide of Hydrogen Preparations Found in the MarketMy attention having repeatedly been called to several reports and analyses made by different chemists and published by some medical joudnals, I concluded to examine all the brands of peroxide of hydrogen which I could find on the market, in order to ascertain the real value of each when intended to be used as an antiseptic remedy, both internally and externally.

The reports on the subject which have come to my knowledge are quite contradictory, and my object is to impart to the medical profession the results of my experiments, which have been made on fourteen fresh samples, purchased by me in duplicate, directly from the manufacturers their selling agents.

or

These brands have been tested for the volume of available oxygen, the amount of residue, the degree of acidity, and the amount of soluble baryta salts contained therein, as per following table:

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By referring to this table it is easily understood that sample No. 2, "hydrozone," is far superior to any other brand which has ever been made. not only on account of its containing a much larger amount of available oxygen, but also owing to the presence of a small quantity of several essential oils, the respective nature of which could not be determined, very likely because they have been submitted to the oxidizing action of peroxide of hydrogen before being used to make "hydrozone."

I attribute to this small quantity of essential oils the great superiority of hydrozone over any other brands of H2 02 as a healing agent.

When hydrozone is diluted with distilled water, in the proportion of half and half, the resulting mixture contains about 13.5 volumes of available oxygen, and its bactericide power still remains the same as the bactericide power of sample No. 5, which contains 16.55 oxygen.

volumes

of available

Sample No. 14 comes next to sample No. 5, but it is readily seen that the degree of acidity is entirely too large for a preparation which is to be applied to the most sensitive diseased mucous membranes.

Sample No. 11, called "Pyrozone" which contains 11.20 volumes of available oxygen, is quite similar to sample No. 6, with the exception that the latter contains a small quantity of salicylic acid. Very likely the salicylic acid has for its object to increase the bactericide power, but, unfortunately, I fear that it impairs the keeping properties of this preparation.

Acidity. The 14 brands which I have examined contain free acids (phosphoric, sulphuric, muriatic): and I must say that peroxide of hydrogen medicinal should never be made neutral before using, even in the most delicate cases. Neutral peroxide of hydrogen rapidly decomposes under all conditions of exposure.

The keeping properties of H2 02 solutions vary a great deal with the degree of purity and the percentage of free acids contained therein.

If the proportion of acid is too large, the profession well know that it acts as an irritant upon diseased surfaces. If it is too small, the solution don't keep well.

My opinion is, that a standard solution of medicinal H2 02 must answer the following tests:

1. It should contain at least 15 volumes of available oxygen.

2. The quantity of free acids contained in 100 cubic centimetres should require not less than 1 c. c. and not more than 3 c. c. of normal volumetric soda solution, to be made neutral. Such a small quantity of free acid is not objectionable.

3. It should not contain any soluble baryta salts.

4. It must be free from sediment. It is to be noticed that the brands No. 7 and No. 12 are valueless.

The brands No. 8 and No. 9 are not fit for medicinal uses, owing to the fact that they contain traces of soluble baryta salts.

The brand No. 3 has a heavy sediment of sulphate of baryta, which may be considered inert towards the

system, but it is certainly detrimental to the keeping qualities of this preparation.

Brand No. 14, which is sold as a ten volume solution, is really twelve volumes, but it is too acid. Brand No. 5, which is sold as a fifteen volume solution, is really 16.55 volumes, viz.: About ten per cent. above the standard.

The brand No. 2, which is sold without any mention of volume, is really a 27.35 volume solution, viz.: Ninety per cent. above the standard.

None of the other brands come up to the standard, but on the contrary, they run from 35 to 55 per cent below-H. Endemann, Ph. D., Chemist, formerly with the Health Department of New York City, in Times and Register.

KOLA.-Physicians who desire to obtain the latest information on Kola should write Frederick Stearns & Co., of Detroit, Mich., for a copy of their Monograph on Kola. It is a handsome little volume of eighty pages, profusely illustrated, with original photographic plates of the leaves, fruit and nuts of the Kola, and microscopic slides showing the alkaloids obtained from the Kola nut, in crystalline form. In the Monograph the Pharmacognosy of Kola is ably treated by Prof. J. O. Schlotterbeck of the University of Michigan, who, from many sources, has compiled a vast fund of interesting formation descriptive of the Kola nut, its names and synonyms, habitat, history, botany, cultivation, collection and transportation, native uses, substitutions and adulterations, and chemistry, besides introducing many narratives from old authorities relative to the marvelous powers attributed to it by the natives and travelers in Africa. Its physiological and therapeutic action is described by F. E. Stewart, M. D., who presents a study of the active constituents of Kola, and details the effects produced by the administration of Kola as a remedy in Neurasthenia, Nervous Affections, Cardiac Affections. Alcoholism, and Sea Sickness. is not a drug of recent introduction, for it has been used in this country since 1881; but the main reason why it

Kola

Piperazine-Bayer in Lithaemia

"Among the most refactory of all the conditions physicians are called upon to treat is lithaemia and the uric acid diathesis," writes Dr. Finley Ellingwood in the Chicago Medical Times, August, 1894. "I am convinced that it is increasing in frequency and that our active, stirring, nervous business men are especially liable to it.

The treatment of this condition has always been unsatisfactory. The best known method to cause the patient to abstain from nitrogenus food, and drink an abundance of water, and take a great deal of outdoor exercise. For medicines the acetates of the alkalies, and the citrates, the various salts of lithia and cimfifuga, gelsemium and hydrangea are the commonest. They must be persisted in and often after the treatment is stopped the condition will return as at first.

For six or eight months now past, 1 have used Piperazine-Bayer alone. In many cases I have only stopped the ingestion of alcoholics, but have not restricted them in drink or the use of tobacco. In at least half of the cases the treatment was not continued over three weeks when the patients reported the most extreme satisfaction as to results.

The first case in which I used Piperazine was one which I had treated over two years with the usual measures named above. The specific gravity was never below 1026 and usually above 1033. The specific gravity of the urine has not been above 1022 since the first week after the medicine begun. nearly a year ago, and the medicine was not taken steadily after the third week. The condition has remained permanently cured. All the cases were benefited except one, and that was a young hysterical woman, who had spinal irritation with a long train of nervous symptoms for two or three years. The Lithaemia persisted in her case. I am positive that with careful use, Piperazine has no counterpart in the treatment of lithaemia. I shall persist in its use in my specialty, and shall keep my readers posted as to results."

Dysmenorrhea, the congestive kind, with stomach ache, and excruciating headache and pain in the back, which is often seen in young girls and women with displacements, can often be relieved by Celerina and Aletris Cordial combined in equal parts.

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One teaspoonful to be given every two or three hours.

Pityriasis Capitis.

Sulphuris præcipitati............3 iss
Adipis lanæ hydrosi.........ad 3 ij
Misce et fiat unguentum.

To be applied to the affected parts every second day.

A New Diphtheria Remedy. Professor Loeffier, of Griefs wold, who is the foster parent of the so-called diphtheria bacillus, has introduced the following, to be applied with cotton upon a probe after removing the mucus as far as possible:

B Menthol..................................................................10 grammes Toluene......q. s to make 36 grammes Absolute alcohol............60 grammes Iron-chloride solution.... 4 grammhs The applications are to be continued every three hours for four or five days. It is stated that of ninety-seven cases treated by this mixture, there has been but one death.-Med. Age.

.gr. iv gr iij ..3v M. Sig:-Teaspoonful every two hours. -Med. Bulletin.

......