TABLE OF MERIDIAN PASSAGE, RISING AND SETTING OF PLANETS FOR WASHINGTON. D. C., IN 1892. 3 01 a.m. 11.. 2 5 21.. 2 15 7 8 753 253 844 4 17 p.m 953p.m] 522a.m1112p.m Jh. m. h. m. 922 443. 1033 43" 237 820" 319" 952 98 46 826 725" Mar. 1.. 2.34 156 " 70". 119 74" 633" 036" 622 B 67" [1150p.m] 528 .. 11 33 a.m 11..2 50 16 10 21 risesa.m) 11 4" sets a.m 552 459 " 1022" 4-5 " 940 ** 358 ** 859 " 319. 11. 3 9 10 3 316" 819 " 239 739 ** 15 119 ** 59 9.20 2 1 2 7 729" 044 ** 648 8.16 1 33 124 818 1 9 0.40 44 653" 09" 6 6141134a.mrisp 7. 111 56 p.m se s a m11 0 ** 150" 530" 1025" 4/ 813 " THE NEW STANDARD OF TIME. 911 " 315 835" 12 1 75925 7231 104 645"* 0524 The dates given in this almanac, with the exception of those for the rising and setting of the sn. moon and planets and the times of high tide, are in accordance with the railroad standuds of time. The Eisten standard me:idian for the eastern part of the United States passes very nearly through Ogdensburg N. Y. The Central standard meridian passes through New-Orleans, La., and a little west of Chicago. The Mountain merid'an passes through the Rocky Mountains very near Pike's Peak, Col. The Pacific standard meridian is near the Pacific Coast, San Francisco being about nire and a half minutes of time west of it. For the several standard meridians themselves the dates of the almanac will be correct. For any place east of any of these standard meridians, and within 7 of it, the tims of the rising or setting of any heavenly body, expressed in standard time, may be de lved from those given in the almanac by subtracting from the almanac dates o e in'nute of time for every quarter of a degree of longitude that he place is distant f om that standari me d'an, or four minutes of time for each degree. For a place west of any standard meridian. and within 7 of it, add to the olmanac dates one minute of time for each quarter of a degree. or four minutes of time for each degree of distance from that standard. PERPETUAL CALENDAR. SHOWING THE DAY OF THE WEEK OF ANY DATE, OLD STYLE OR NEW, BEFORE OR AFTER CHRIST. EXPLANATION.-Under or over each month will be found the names or abbreviations for the days of the week, arranged in seven different orders or sequences, reading from left to right. These are marked as sequence A, sequerce B. and so on. At the right or left of each sequence is given the centurial year of the century for which that sequence may be used-oli tyle dates, or reckonings under the Julian Calendar, marked at the left; new style dates, according to the Gregorian Calendar, at the right; thus 16 at left of se quence D shows that this sequence is to be used for all old style dates from 1600 to 1699, as the date of landing of Pilgrims, Dec 11, 0. S., 16.0. At the right of sequence F, 18 shows that this is the sequence for all new style dates in the same period as the landing of Pilgrims, Dec. 21, 1620. The 18 at right of sequence D indicates this as the one to use for the present century, 1800 to 1899. Above or be..eath those sequences are given, for each month, the odd years of the century, from 00 to 99, reading from left to right and so arranged that all the years of a century in which the first of the month falls on a certain day of the wee are in the same coluni. Thus, take the table for January and the sequen e for the resent century, D, all the years in the first column, 4, 9, 15, 26, etc., are over Sunday in th sequence named; so the 1st of January in all these years is Sunday. In the seco..d column are all the years in which the 1st fails on Monday, and so on. If we bear in mind that the 8th, 15th, 22d and 29th of any month will come on the same day of the week as the 1st, this arrangement gives at once the day of the week of five dates in any month, and from these the day of any other dato in that month can easily be found. Now with a given date to flud the day of the week, as Aug. 23. 1841. In the table for August find the given year 41; take the sequence in line with the conturial year 18, D, and in this sequence above 41 we find sunday. The Augu t 1 .1) that year was Sunday, and the 8th. 15th and 22d must have fallen on Sun iay also, a j if the 22d was Sunday the 23d was Monday. What day of the week was D c. 11 0. S., 16201 Use sequence D for 1600s O, S. and in this a cve 20 in December fini Friday. Then the 1st and the 8th came on Friday, and the 11th must have been M.ncay. Take the same date as given, new style, Dec. 21, 1620. Use sequence for the 1600s N. S. and above 20 flnd Tuesday, which was the 1st and the 2d, and the 21st was Monday. Then the Pilgrims landed on Monday If the last Thursday in November, 1883, be Thanksgiving Day, what will be the date ? We find that in 1885 the 1st and therefore the 29th of Noventer comes 0 Sunday; then the preceding Thursday, or Nov. 26th, is the last Thursday, or Thanks. giving Day. This arrangement involves no comparison or distinction further than this; For the months of January and February of centesimal leap years only, as 1600, 2000, etc, by the Gregorian Calendar, the heavy-faced 00s in the first column are to be used Lut for centesinal years not leap years the 00s in the second coluein are requirel. Ey the Julian Calendar every centesimal year was leap year; by the Gregor'an Calendar Caly every fourth centesimal year is a leap year. 1700 O. S. then should be regaried as a leap year, while 1700 N. S. Is not. As to the intervals between the times when a given day of the month falls on a cer'aiy weck-day, as Jan. 1st cn Saturday, this occurred in 1803-14-20-25-31, and so on at intervals of 11. 6, 5 and 6 years, which intervals are repeated and would Continue without intruption but for the cmission of leap year in 1900, which will cau:o an irregularity of 12 years, either in one period, or in two intervals of 6 years each, or in ene of 7 and another of 5 years, after which the regular intervals wil be successively repeated again. But notice the difference in the grouping of the years under Jairy and February, and that of the other ten months. Take the years in the coltarn in which we find 3 under any other month, and the calendar for those months repeats as follows: 8, 8, 14, 25, 31, showing that the order for an entire year recurs less fr quently, as in 3, 14, 25, 81. The order for any leap year is repeated at intervals of 28 years; thus the calendar for 1856 corresponds with that for 1884, and this ord r would obtain again in 1912 but for the omission of leap year in 1900, by which the interval is extended 12 years and the 29th of February will not fall on Friday apala until 1924. The order for any year next succeeding a leap year will be repeat d in G years, while the ciders for the second and third years following a leap year will be repeated in 11 years. Then the calendar for 81 will be repeated in '87; the order that obtained in '82 vill occur again in '93, and that for '88 corresponds with 91. What has been shown as to leap year dates, as Feb. 29th, recurring on the same day of the week, is of course true of Inauguration Day, March 4th, of every fourth year. This came on Sunday in 1821, 1849 and 1877, and if 1900 were a leap year it would occur again in 1985, but owing to that omission it will not recur until 1917. The irregular interval caused by the omission of leap year is sometimes 40 and sometimes 12 days. Under the Julian Calendar established 46 B. C. by Julius Caesar, the calendar for an entire century was repeated every 700 years, and therefor the sequence of days given here for 1700 O. S.. G., answers also for the time 700 years earlier, 1. e., the century 1000 to 1099; also for the years 300 to 399. In this way the sequences given may cover the time back to the beginning of the Christ'an Era. Under the Gregorian Calendar the orders are repeated every 400 years and only four of the sequences are required, viz., C, D, E and F; F serving alike for 1600 and 2000, E for 1700 and 2100, etc. Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 undertook to reform the Julian Calendar. To correct the errors that had accumulated and to guard against future inaccuracies, he suppressed ten days and provided for the omission of leap year every centesimal year, excepting every fourth centesimal year. Under the Gregorian Calendar 1700 1800 and 1900 are not counted as leap rears, but 1000 and 2000 are.. This calendar was adopted by Germany in 1700 and by England not until 1752, by which time, as 1700 had passed as leap year, the diference amounted to 11 days, and Parliament rect fled the eor by suppressing 11 days in September of that year. The Julian Calendar still preval's in Russia, and as 1800 has passed with them as leap year, the difference between their 1eckoning and ours is 12 days, so that August 7 in Russia is the same as August 19 with us. |