in no half-hearted way. He asks: "Are all the laws but one to go unexecuted, and the government itself to go to pieces lest that one be violated?" He did not hesitate, therefore, for the sake of saving the Union, to stretch the Constitution to the breaking point, using himself and encouraging the Congress to use, all the “war powers" that the conditions called for. That the effect on constitutional expansion of such an attitude on the part of the chief executive in the midst of such a war was very great can well be imagined.

["The Biographical Story of the Constitution." By Edward G. Elliott. Pp. xi, 400. G. P. Putnam's Sons.]

SOCIETY AND POLITICS IN ANCIENT

ROME.

REVIEWED BY N. P. VLACHOS, PH.D.

Prof. Abbott's Essays and Sketches" on "Society and Politics in Ancient Rome," the greater part of which had previously appeared in various periodicals, are here collected into one handy volume. The large variety of topics dealt with in these papers is best indicated by a table of contents: "Municipal Politics in Pompeii" (electioneering methods of the ancient world are illustrated by political notices on the walls of Pompeii); "The Story of Two Oligarchies" (in which an interesting parallel is drawn between the Roman Senate and our own); "Women and Public Affairs under the Roman Republic" (the author discusses such well-known figures as Cornelia, Clodia, Octavia); "Roman Women in the Trades and Professions"; "The Theater as a Factor in Roman Politics under the Republic"; "Petronius: A Study in Ancient Realism"; "A Roman Puritan" (Prof. Abbott points to a certain resemblance of temperament in Persius, the Roman satirist, and the New Englander of a former generation; here many scholars are bound to differ); "Petrarch's Letters to Cicero "; "Literature and the Common People of Rome" (a rather intangible subject, on which we have only desultory evidence; a literary taste is claimed for the common people of Rome, comparing favorably with the literary taste of the common people of our own day); "The Career of a Roman Student' (deals with Cicero's son); Some Spurious Inscriptions and Their Authors "; The Evolution of the Modern Forms of the Letters of Our Alphabet." Throughout these wellwritten, though rather sketchy, papers, it has been the author's aim to put fresh life into the past by referring to analogous conditions in the present age. Some are frankly comparative studies. The whole collection will promote a better understanding of the varied phases of Roman life, and it is to be hoped will stimulate to further reading.

["Society and Politics in Ancient Rome. Essays and Sketches." By Frank Frost Abbott, Professor of Classics in Princeton University. Cloth; 8vo. Pp. x and 267. Scribners. New York, 1909. $1.25.]

FORMAN'S NEW ELEMENTARY HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. Dr. S. E. Forman's new History of the United States for Schools" is, from the mechanical aspect, an excellent example of the best in modern text-book manufacture. The book is strongly bound in cloth and leather; the paper is good and not too highly calendared. The maps are numerous; usually they are not burdened with unnecessary details; many show the location of the population frontier at different dates.

The illustrations are the most noteworthy mechanical feature of the book, and they make this work the best illustrated text-book upon American history. The pictures fall into three classes, each of which has abundant historical and pedagogical justification: (a) Portraits of prominent persons; (b) photographs of interesting documents, implements, buildings, and scenes; (c) reproductions of contemporary prints. Out of nearly 275 illustrations, only about fifteen could be designated as purely imaginative-a very low proportion for an elementary American text-book.

But the justification for a new text-book is not to be found simply in meeting the need for better historical illustrations; it should appear also in the method of treatment or in the proportion assigned to the several periods of United States history. In some of these respects Dr. Forman's work amply proves its right to publication. In the matter of chronological proportion there is not much difference between this work and the better recent texts, with the exception of the unusual amount of space devoted to recent history, more, probably, than to be found in any other elementary text-book. To the topics of exploration and colonial history 113 pages are given; the revolution and the critical period receive 44 pages; the period from 1789 to 1818, 54 pages; from 1818 to 1860, 100 pages; from 1860 to 1870, 60 pages; and from 1870 to the present time, 44 pages.

More originality exists in the method of treatment and in the selection of significant facts. In the treatment of the period of exploration the author shows much selfcontrol, eleminating many of the names and dates frequently inserted in our texts. In the colonial period are three good chapters, with Rebellions and Indians Uprisings," "Our Country in 1700," and "Colonial Growth between 1700 and 1740."

For the national period, the most marked new feature is the decided emphasis upon the movement of population and civilization westward. The significance of this movement is first brought out in the treatment of the colonial period. Later the subject is taken up geographically and several chapters are devoted to it. Chapter XXII traces the flow of population into the valleys of the Kentucky, the Tennessee and the Ohio; Chapter XXVI continues the narrative of the growth of populous communities in the Ohio Valley; Chapter XXVII tells the story of Louisiana, Mississippi,

Alabama, and Missouri; Chapter XXXI treats the Annexation of Texas, the Mexican War, and the Mexican cession of territory as a further step in the great westward expansion; and Chapter XLII gives a good exposition of the growth of the New West, showing the influence of congressional action and of the building of the Pacific railroads. In all these chapters not only does the author show the general influences at work in inducing this westward movement, together with the influences of the new west upon the nation, but he finds opportunity to give at least one paragraph to a sketch of the history of each new State. It is interesting to compare these short statements with the sketches of the history of the original thirteen States, remembering that in most text-books such sketches are limited to the original States and to a few other crucial ones like Ohio, Missouri, Oregon, California and Texas.

In treating the usual national topics there has been little variation from the methods of the best of recent text-book makers. Here the greatest virtue of the work is the elimination of unnecessary names and dates, without, on the other hand, becoming either annalistic or imaginative. The narrative is well sustained, even although there is not so much of the "drum and trumpet" as in some other works, and in spite also of the rule of remarkable impartiality upon sectional questions observed by the author. Throughout the work the style is simple, but adequate; well adapted to the comprehension of grammar school pupils.

The book possesses the usual pedagogical aids, together with some innovations. There is a novel grouping of review and reading references at the close of every chapter, consisting of significant dates, names of places and persons, and events, drawn from all the preceding chapters. An appendix gives page references for the study of a number of great topics in con nection with American history.

["A History of the United States for Schools." By S. E. Forman. Pp. xiii, 419, lxxi. New York. The Century Co. Price. $1.00.]

A Source History of the United States

500

By CALDWELL AND PERSINGER. Full cloth. pages. Price, $1.25. By Howard Walter Caldwell, Professor of American History, University of Nebraska, and Clark Edmund Persinger, Associate Professor of American History, University of Nebraska.

Containing Introduction and Table of Contents. The material is divided into four chapters, as follows: Chap. 1. The Making of Colonial America, 1492-1763 Chap. II. The Revolution and Independence, 1763-1786 Chap.III. The Making of a Democratic Nation, 1786-1841 Chap.IV. Slavery and The Sectiona! Struggle, 1841-1877 Complete single copies for reference or for libraries will be forwarded by express paid on receipt of the stated price of $1.25.

Correspondence in reference to introductory supplies is respectfully solicited and will have our prompt attention. A full descriptive list of Source History books and leaflets forwarded on application.

AINSWORTH & COMPANY 378-388 Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Ill.

HISTORY TEACHERS' ASSOCIATIONS.

For the convenience of its readers and to stimulate the work of organization, "The Magazine" will print from time to time a list of the associations, with the names and addresses of the secretaries. Will our readers help us fill in the gaps, and keep us informed of changes in the secretarial offices?

AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.-W. G. Leland, Carnegie Institution, Washington, D. C., secretary.

AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, PACIFIC COAST BRANCH.-J. N. Bowman, University of California, Berkeley, secretary.

CALIFORNIA. Ada G. Goldsmith, Mission High School, San Francisco, secretary.

INDIANA. Professor Harriet Palmer, Franklin, secretary.

MARYLAND. Ella V. Ricker, Baltimore, secretary.

MIDDLE STATES. - -Professor Henry Johnson, Teachers' College, New York City, seeretary.

MILWAUKEE CONFERENCE.-Informally organized.

MISSISSIPPI.-H. L. McCleskey, Hazelhurst, secretary.

MISSOURI. Professor Eugene Fair, Kirksville, secretary.

NEBRASKA-Professor 'C. N. Anderson, Kearney, president.

NEW ENGLAND. Mr. W. H. Cushing, South Framingham, Mass., secretary.

NEW YORK (N. Y.) CONFERENCE.-D. C. Knowlton, Barringer High School, Newark, N. J., secretary.

NORTH CENTRAL.-Mary Louise Childs, Evanston, Ill., secretary.

NORTH DAKOTA ASSOCIATION.-H. L. Rockwood, Enderlin, president.

TWIN CITY HISTORY TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION.-W. H. Shepard, North High School, Minneapolis, Minn., president.

VASSAR ALUMNE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. Adelaide Underhill, Poughkeepsie, secretary.

WISCONSIN.--Gertrude Hull. West Division High School, Milwaukee, chairman.

ANNOUNCEMENTS.

Officers of associations are requested to send notices of meetings to W. H. Cushing, South Framingham, Mass., as long before the date of meeting as possible.

AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.December 27, 1910, at Indianapolis, Ind. PACIFIC COAST BRANCH OF AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. --November 18-19. 1910, at University of California, Berkeley. CALIFORNIA HISTORY TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION. -December, 1910.

MISSOURI ASSOCIATION.-November, 1910. NEW ENGLAND HISTORY TEACHERS' AssoCIATION.-Fall meeting. October 15. 1910, at Boston.

WALTER H. CUSHING, Editor.

NOTES AND PERSONALS.

Dr. Sedley L. Ware, for the past two years instructor of history at Stanford University, has been called to the University of Wisconsin. His thesis upon the Elizabethan parish appeared in the Johns Hopkins University Studies.

The Historical Society of Southern California will soon have its own substantial building especially for its museum, lectures, and other needs. The secretary is Mr. James M. Guinn, 5539 Buena Vista Avenue. Los Angeles, Cal.

Dr. Charles M. Andrews has left Johns Hopkins University to accept a call to the history department of Yale University.

Professor L. B. Evans, of Tufts College, spent the summer in Europe and attended the Hague Conference on the fisheries dispute by special invitation of the American counsel.

The many friends of Professor Henry Johnson, of Teachers' College, Columbia University, will congratulate him on his restoration to health after a long illness. Professor Johnson expects to resume active work in the fall.

The October meeting of the New England History Teachers' Association will be devoted to economics, including industrial history. At a meeting of the Council, May 26, it was voted to create and maintain a collection of aids to historical teaching, and the sum of two hundred dollars was appropriated for that purpose.

Mr. C. H. Mellwain, preceptor in history at Princeton University, has accepted the position of professor of history in Bowdoin College, made vacant by the resignation of Professor Allen Johnson.

Professor William E. Lingelbach, of the University of Pennsylvania, will spend the first half of the coming academic year in Europe engaged in researches for his work Nineteenth Century." upon the

Mr. H. W. Edwards, of Berkeley, Cal., has accepted a position in the Oakland (Cal.) High School.

Dr. William Fairley. head of the history department of the Commercial High School of Brooklyn, N. Y.. has been appointed principal of the same school.

Dr. Cheesman A. Herrick, former president of the History Teachers' Association of the Middle States and Maryland, and recently connected with the Central High School and the William Penn High School of Philadelphia, has been elected president of Girard College, in the same city.

Professor Frederic L. Paxson, of the University of Michigan, has accepted a call to the University of Wisconsin. Dr. Paxson has spent the summer in England engaged in research among the British archives for the Carnegie Institution of Washington.

The N. E. A. Meeting in Boston. The forty-eighth annual convention of the National Education Association was held in Boston, July 2-8, 1910.

Friday morning, July 8, was devoted to round-table conferences, that in history being under the leadership of Mr. George Edward Marshall, principal of the High School, Davenport, Ia. The subjects assigned for discussion were: 1. What facts in American history should be emphasized. to-day in secondary schools?" 2. "What is the proper aim of history teaching in secondary schools?" 3. "Has the historical novel any value as an aid to history teaching?" In discussing the first question the speakers laid emphasis especially on those topics which have a close connection with the present-day problems.

Discussion under topic two drifted to the use of sources and source-books. In spite of all that has been said and done in connection with this subject a considerable number of teachers still look askance at Sources. That the instruction should not be based entirely or even largely on such material is a generally accepted dictum; but the great value of sources as illustrative material, vitalizing history teaching and furnishing material for topical work is still underestimated, and an informal count showed few schools among those represented that have such works in sufficient quantity to be really serviceable.

In connection with the meetings of the N. E. A. the New England History Teachers' Association had on exhibition, in charge of Professor Arthur I. Andrews, of Simmons College, its collection of aids to history teaching, to which many additions had been made since the April meeting of the association. It is expected that by September 1st the collection will be in its permanent quarters at Simmons College, and the association hopes to be able to furnish, through the instrumentality of THE HISTORY TEACHER'S MAGAZINE, a list of articles in the exhibit with publisher and price.

WALL TIME CHARTS

can be easily and quickly con-
structed by using

Cross Ruled (Coordinate) Paper

WALL SIZE

Sheets of stout paper 32 x 48 inches, ruled in both directions, with blocks one-quarter inch square; serviceable in classes in economics, geography, and history for depicting the lines and curves of growth or development, or for constructing chronological tables.

PRICE. Single sheets, 20 cents; ten or more sheets, 17 cents each; twenty-five or more, 15 cents each; postage or expressage extra. MCKINLEY PUBLISHING CO. Philadelphia, Pa.

INDIANA ASSOCIATION.
CONTRIBUTED BY PROF. H. C. PALMER.

The History Section of the Indiana State Teachers' Association convened for its annual sessions in the Claypool Hotel April 29th and 30th, 1910. The history teachers of the State were especially fortunate not only in meeting Professor Bourne, of the Western Reserve University, but in having the opportunity, upon an invitation from Superintendent Kendall, of the Indianapolis schools, of hearing Professor Turner, of Wisconsin University, president of American Historical Association, in round table discussion conducted at the Shortridge High School for the Indianapo lis teachers on Friday afternoon, and in his lecture before the Indianapolis teachers in Caleb Mills Hall on Saturday morning upon the subject "The Upland South."

on

a

chairman, was appointed to coöperate with the Historical Society and the people of Indianapolis in the entertainment of the American Historical Association next December.

CALIFORNIA ASSOCIATION. CONTRIBUTED BY PROF. J. N. BOWMAN.

The

The session of Friday afternoon was devoted to the discussion of history in the elementary schools. The work was opened by Professor Bourne with the discussion of the report of the Committee of Eight the study of history in elementary schools. Some defects in the teaching of history in elementary schools of Indiana in the light of the report of the Committee of Eight were discussed, from the standpoint of the city superintendent by Superintendent Charles F. Patterson, of Tipton, and from the standpoint of the county superintendent, by County Superintendent Jesse Webb, of Johnson County.

It has been the custom for some years to make the Friday evening session a joint meeting of the Indiana Historical Society and the Indiana History Teachers' Association. The plan was followed this year, and Professor Bourne, for the History Teachers' Association, delivered an address upon the subject, "Our Early Republic as French Travelers Saw It," and for the Historical Society Mr. Demarchus C. Brown, Indiana State Librarian, spoke upon the subject, "An Early Indian War." Mr. Brown's address organized itself about some old French letters concerning the extinction of the Fox Indians, which had come into his hands for translation.

a

The Saturday morning session was devoted to the discussion of some problems in history teaching in High Schools. "What Can Be Done with Sources?" was discussed by Miss Minnie Blanche Ellis of the Bloomington High School; "Shall History Notebook Be Kept?" by Mr. W. C. Gerichs, principal Elwood High School; "How Secure Results with the Collateral Reading?" by Mr. W. O. Lynch, department of History, Indiana State Normal School; "Preparation and Use of Maps and Charts," Mr. J. R. H. Moore, Manual Training High School, Indianapolis. The discussions were all presented from the experience of those taking part and from carefully organized data collected by them from the High Schools of the State. They were most suggestive and exceedingly helpful.

A committee, of which Dr. Woodburn is

Professor R. D. Hunt, of the University of Southern California, discussed the paper, urging the addition of ten more units to the history requirements. For history teachers situated upon the Pacific Coast he would demand a knowledge of the history of the coast, the Pacific, China and the Orient, and

especially of State history. He emphasized the importance of training the history teacher in the problems of municipalities and of labor organizations; and advised also the insertion into the college course for history teachers of a year of college mathematics; a course on international law, and some training in voice culture.

In the afternoon session Miss Maude F.

Stevens, Palo Alto High School, read a paper on the "High School Library." As a basis of selection she took forty as the correct number of volumes for each of the five blocks in the history course; this makes, then, a library of about 200 volumes, costing about $300. The norms of selection were: Aims of the courses, general methods of the work, and the age and training of the pupils. She emphasized that the library is for the use of the pupils and not for the use of the teacher; and in the choice of books this should be kept constantly in mind. She wished emphatically to use the source books as aids and secondary material and not as texts themselves. In the discussion many question were raised: the cost of the 200 volumes would deter the smaller schools from getting the list; this was met by the fact that several small high schools had bought the books by annual instalments in the course of a few years. On the question of the duplication of books, one volume per eight pupils was cited as a working ratio. The readiness of the National Government and the Congressmen to aid in the library making with books and pamphlets of interest was cited by Mr. Fishback, of Orange.

It was announced by the president that at the annual meeting in December there would be a continuation of these questions; a committee was appointed to consider with Miss Stevens the use of the High School Library.

The officers of the History Section are: President, E. D. Adams, Leland Stanford, Jr. University; vice-president, J. R. Sutton, Oakland High School; secretary, Ada Goldsmith, Mission High School, San Francisco.

Atkinson-Mentzer Historical Maps

A series of 16 maps to accompany United States History, 40 x 45 inches in size, lithographed in seven colors on cloth, surfaced both sides with coated paper, complete with iron standard, per set, $16.00 net. Sent on approval.