most satisfactory. Brewer's history (edited by Gairdner) is based upon the State Papers and is authoritative. Gasquet's study of the dissolution of the monasteries is admirable. The chapters in the Cambridge Modern History [vol. II.], though somewhat disconnected, are of great value. Lindsay's "History of the Reformation," noted in the General European list, contains excellent chapters relating to the Reformation in England and Scotland.

There are two minor defects in the work which can easily be remedied in a later edition. The first of these is the absence of any references to bibliographies other than those upon American history. There seems no good reason why a few of the best bibliographies for each period should not be mentioned. The second defect, and more serious, is the absence of an index to authors' names. As the works referred to are listed under fifty or sixty sub-topics, and not always arranged alphabetically under these topics, it is not an easy matter to obtain the editors' evaluation upon a given work. We venture to say that the bibliography will be used by the teacher as frequently to obtain a judgment upon some particular work which comes to hand, as to obtain a list of works upon a given topic. To be really serviceable for the first purpose, the work should be fitted with a good index to authors' names at least.

But minor defects must not blind us to the real merits of this work, a work which was performed by the editors in the true spirit of service to the profession. Aside from the famous report of the Committee of Seven, we know of no work so likely to improve the standard of history teaching in the country, or so calculated to aid the teacher at every step, or to save him time and strength. It should be on the desk of every teacher of history and in the hands of every librarian. A teacher of history in the schools who will not pay sixty cents for this volume should not be teaching history.

["A Bibliography of History for Schools and Libraries, with Descriptive and Critical Annotations." By Charles M. Andrews, J. Montgomery Gambrill, and Lida Lee Tall. Pp. xiv, 224, and 24 blank sheets. Longmans, Green & Co. 60 cents.]

WRITINGS ON AMERICAN HISTORY,

1908.

Miss Griffin's third volume does for the year 1908 what the earlier volumes did for 1906 and 1907. The author's purpose is to include all books and magazine articles, wherever published and in whatever language, which have anything of value to the history of the continental United States and Canada. For other portions of America the aim has been to include all writings on their history published in the continental United States, Canada. or Europe, but not what the countries to the southward have published upon their own history.

Not only is it the author's aim to make the bibliography complete, but she has been

term

most generous in her interpretation of the American History." She has included not only works upon bibliography, and upon general and local American history, but also works upon the following topics: biography; genealogy; military and naval history; politics, government and law; social and economic history; religious history; educational history; fine arts; literature; and music. In all 2,946 books and articles are listed, representing the principal modern languages, and referring to about 350 periodicals. Under many of the works listed, references are made to articles in which they have been reviewed.

The student of American history who thinks he has kept in touch with the bibliography of his subject through reviews and publishers' notices, will be surprised to find from a perusal of this volume how much that is valuable has escaped his notice. Working in the Library of Congress, and having access to local and foreign

publications rarely obtained by American scholars, Miss Griffin has performed a service for the hundreds and thousands of persons interested in American history which they could not perform for themselves. A few moments' use of such a bibliography may preserve a writer from an egregious blunder, or save a research student many hours of labor upon library catalogues or magazine files. American scholars, as well as American librarians and journalists owe a debt of gratitude to Miss Griffin for her painstaking work, and to Dr. J. F. Jameson, and others who have made possible the publication of the bibliography. It is sincerely to be desired that the support given to the work will warrant its continuance through many annual volumes.

["Writings on American History, 1908." Compiled by Grace Gardner Griffin. Pp. xviii, 174. The Macmillan Co. Price, $2.50 net.]

Professor Allen Johnson, Bowdoin College, has been elected to a professorship of American History at Yale University.

Dr. Carlton H. Hayes has been made Assistant Professor at Columbia University.

Albert Bushnell Hart has been appointed Eaton Professor of Science and Government in Harvard University, taking the position made vacant by the election of Professor A. Lawrence Lowell as President of the University.

Professor Paul S. Reinsch, of the University of Wisconsin, will be the Theodore Roosevelt Professor of History and Institutions in the University of Berlin for the year 1911-1912.

President John H. Finley, of the College of the City of New York, will lecture at the Sorbonne next year upon "The Development of the West."

A compilation entitled, "Treaties, Conventions, International Acts, Protocols and Agreements between the United States of America and Other Powers, 1776-1909," edited by William Malloy, two volumes, has been issued by the Government Printing Office.

Professor Andrew C. McLaughlin and Professor Albert Bushnell Hart are editing a "Cyclopædia of American Government," to be published by Appletons, and to appear in three volumes.

Mr. S. N. D. North, former Director of the United States Census, will be Managing Editor of the "American Year Book. A Record of Events and Progress." He will be assisted by a conference of national learned societies. The work will be published by D. Appleton Co.

The annual report of the North Central History Teachers' Association and the second annual bibliography of history and civics has recently been distributed to members. This number of the series of reports seems to be the best in general make-up that has yet appeared. It contains papers by Professor Reinsch on the "Life of the State and the Teaching of Government"; Miss Thompson, on the "Use of Pictures in History Instruction "; Professor Sellery, on "Discipline and Knowledge "; Professor Lybyer, on the Use and Abuse of Note Books"; Miss Dye, on the "Historical Pageant," and Mr. Williams, on Supplementary Reading."

The annual bibliography, a feature of this Association's work which is of great value to all teachers, consists of thirty pages of short critical estimates of the leading books in history and government which have appeared during the preceding year.

This entire report is of value to history teachers, who may procure copies of the secretary, Miss Mary L. Childs, Evanston, Ill. The annual royalty statement to the New England Association on account of the History Syllabus shows that the work is having a remarkable sale which shows signs of diminishing. 'The Outline for the Study of American Civil Government," the publication of which was somewhat delayed by the death of Mr. Wilson R. Butler, the editor, is now ready.

no

NOTES FROM ENGLAND.

BY E. BRUCE-FORREST.

William Ellis School, London. The teaching of history in English schools has undoubtedly had its full share in the educational revolution, which has followed here the passing of the Education Act of 1902. The formation in 1906 of the Historical Association, which has now a membership of about 1,000 and branches throughout the country, is one indication of this fact. The friendly relations between the Association and the Royal Historical Society, and the inclusion among its members of prominent representatives from the professorial ranks of the old and the new univversities, as well as of well-known teachers both from public schools and the more recent secondary and elementary schools is a happy sign of growing progress and unity in the present and, to a much greater degree, for the future. The references to England in the Report of the Committee of Seven are now much out of date.

The situation is not, however, one for uncritical optimism. In a recent address to the London Association of Non-Primary Teachers on "The New Education," the education officer of the London County Council commented unfavorably on two subjects especially-Latin and history. The comments were quoted from an examiner's report, with which the speaker, apparently, was in full agreement. There was, so he read, a good knowledge of details and of names, but little power of distinguishing between what was of great or of small importance. The results suggested cram, unsatisfactory teaching and unsatisfactory text-books.

It was pointed out in discussion that the subject is a peculiarly difficult one, above all with the growing demand for a wider range of instruction and for a proper place to be given to local, Colonial and European history, etc. Fortunately, however, the attempt to teach too much, which is at the root of so many failures, has been authoritatively condemned in Circular 599 of the Board of Education. In order to give room for the more important, a great deal of detail still normally included will have to be left out."

Examiners blame teachers. Teachers blame examiners. Next session a series of resolutions submitted by the Council will be discussed by the various branches of the English Historical Association. They refer apparently to pupils of school-learning age and ask explicitly from examiners for questions discouraging cram and requiring thought. A greater proportion of time is demanded for questions of the latter type, and it is suggested that a number of alternatives should be set. More stress should be laid on social, economic, and intellectual movements, and, if possible, opportunity should be given for illustrating answers

from the history of the candidates' own locality.

In the midst of movement and dispute it is cheering to the teacher to realize how valuable and stimulating the study of history may be to the modern administrator. Lord Cromer has never forgotten nor lost touch with the historical studies of his earlier days. Twice this year he has given addresses to the English Classical Association which show what a real and vital study ancient history is and how a knowledge of ancient empires may help a modern 'pro-consul." Referrng particularly to the modern problem of combining "Democracy and Empire" at Oxford last term, he defended the study of the past as a help in dealing with the issues of the present, "although we should not think that any analogy between the modern and ancient worlds would afford an unerring guide for political action in the present."

The London (England) County Council is taking means to assist its teachers in keeping up to date in their work. For three years classes have been held on week-day evenings and on Saturday mornings on every subject that is given in the school curriculum. These are authorized courses which are open free of charge to the London teachers. Among the lecturers are Professor Pollard, Mr. MacKinder, and Mr. Sidney Lee, who conduct courses in history and kindred subjects.

The following extract from a letter of March 21st, 1910, written by the late Professor Goldwin Smith, shortly before his

death, to the provost of Oriel College, Oxford, may be of interest to American read

ers.

"It had always been something of a mystery why he left Oxford for America," says the "Oxford Magazine," which printed the letter:

"I believe there have been some rather vague impressions about my reasons for leaving the University when I had got the one thing which I specially desired, the Professorship of Modern History. In polities I had mingled, as well as in journalism, general literature, and Government service. I had built my little house, with capacity for enlargement, at the end of the Park, and was settled, as I thought, for life. Then my father, who lived in Berkshire, met with an accident on the railway, the external consequences of which were repaired, but which left internal consequences, as it appeared, ending in insanity. I had to give up my professorship, sell my Oxford house, and go and live with my father, whom I could not put into an asylum, especially as his fits were intermittent. His malady increasing, he at length destroyed himself. I was absent for a few days on urgent business, as I was told I might safely be.

"I was much cast down, and knew not what to do with myself. Just then came the invitation from Ezra Cornell to join in the foundation of his new University in the State of New York. I had been in the United States at the time of their Civil War, and had made many friends and acquaintances. This was the thing that at that moment I wanted. It gave a new and happy turn to my life."

McKinley

Historical Note-Books

These note-books consist of the McKinley Outline Maps combined with blank leaves to constitute an historical note-book of 104 pages; the back of each map and every other sheet being left blank for class notes or comment upon the maps. Many teachers have required their scholars to paste or bind McKinley Outline Maps in their note-books; the new arrangement furnishes the maps already printed in the book, at a price about the same as that asked for a note-book of blank leaves.

FOUR BOOKS IN THE SERIES:

For American His

tory, for English History, for Ancient History, and for European History.

Price: 22 cents (net) each

The note-books are made from a clean, strong, and heavy LEDGER WRITING paper, well suited to the use of ink or colors. Size about 8 x 11 inches.

Samples cheerfully furnished upon request to

MCKINLEY PUBLISHING COMPANY

PHILADELPHIA

Mackenzie's Voyages. 2 vols. ALEXANDER MACKENZIE'S account of

his travels from Montreal to the Frozen and Pacific Oceans.

Lewis and Clark's Expedition. 3 vols. With an account of the Louisiana Purchase by JOHN BACH MCMASTER.

Colden's Five Indian Nations. 2 vols. CADWALLADER COLDEN, Surveyor-General of the Colony of New York, written from intimate knowledge of the Iriquois.

Harmon's Journal. By DANIEL WILLIAM HARMON, partner of the Northwest Company in 1800.

Butler's Wild Northland. GENERAL SIR WM. FRANCIS BUTLER'S story of his sledge journey across North America in 1872-73.

11 East 24th Street

NEW YORK

Boston

The History Teacher's Magazine

Managing Editor, ALBERT E. MCKINLEY, PH.D.
ASSOCIATE EDITORS

PROF. ARTHUR C. HOWLAND, University of Pennsylvania.
PROF. FRED MORROW FLING, University of Nebraska.
PROF. NORMAN M. TRENHOLME, University of Missouri.
PROF. HENRY L. CANNON, Leland Stanford, Jr. University.
DEPARTMENTAL EDITORS

History and Civics in Secondary Schools:

ARTHUR M. WOLFSON, Ph.D., DeWitt Clinton High School, New York.

DANIEL C. KNOWLTON, Ph.D., Barringer High School, Newark, N. J.

WILLIAM FAIRLEY, Ph.D., Commercial High School, Brooklyn, N. Y.

C. B. NEWTON, Lawrenceville School, New Jersey. ALBERT H. SANFORD, State Normal School, La Cross, Wis. Current History:

JOHN HAYNES, Ph.D., Dorchester High School, Boston. Reports from the Historical Field:

WALTER H. CUSHING, Secretary New England History Teachers' Association, South Framingham, Mass. History in the Grades:

ARMAND J. GERSON, Ph.D., Robert Morris Public School, Philadelphia.

SARAH A. DYNES, State Normal School, Trenton, N. J. LIDA LEE TALL, Supervisor of Grammar Grades, Balto., Md. Answers to Inquiries: CHARLES A. COULOMB, Ph.D.

CORRESPONDING EDITORS.

HENRY JOHNSON, Teachers' College, Columbia Univ., N. Y. MABEL HILL, Normal School, Lowell, Mass.

H. W. EDWARDS, High School, Oakland, Cal.

WALTER L. FLEMING, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. MARY SHANNON SMITH, Meredith College, Raleigh, N. C. MARY LOUISE CHILDS, High School, Evanston, Ill.

E. BRUCE FORREST, London, England.

JAMES F. WILLARD, University of Colorado, Boulder, Col.