00. 1916 THE MEXICAN BORDER PROBLEM: AN AUTHORITATIVE EXPRESSION OF By Honorable Luis G. Bossero, Mexico City. BIBLE SOCIETIES AND MISSIONS: THEIR JOINT CONTRIBUTION TO RACE By Edward Caldwell Moore, D. D., Plummer Professor of Christian Morals in Harvard University and Chairman of the Board of Preachers, President of the American Board.. 47 THE NEGRO IN THE NEW DEMOCRACY By George W. Ellis, K.C., F.R.G.S.. ISSUED QUARTERLY 50 CENTS A COPY GEORGE H. BLAKESLEE, Ph.D. President G. STANLEY HALL, LL.D. CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Dean DAVID P. BARROWS, Ph.D.............. Professor FRANK H. HANKINS, Ph.D..... Ass't-Professor Ellsworth HUNTINGTON, Professor J. W. JENKS, LL.D........ GEORGE HEBER JONES, D.D. JOHN P. JONES, D.D. University of California ...Columbia University Rutgers College .New York ...Chicago ...University of Pennsylvania ........Oahu College, Honolulu .Clark College Ph.D..........Yale University .Seoul, Korea .Madura, India Associate Professor A. L. KROEBER, Ph.D........University of California Professor GEORGE TRUMBULL LADD, LL.D.... Professor EDWARD C. MOORE, Ph.D...... K. NATERAJAN. Professor HOWARD W. ODUM, Ph.D........... JAMES A. ROBERTSON, L.H.D... Professor WM. R. SHEPHERD, Ph.D.. DAVID S. SPENCER.. Professor PAYSON J. TREAT, Ph.D.. Ass't-Professor FREDERICK W. WILLIAMS... PUBLISHER Yale University Harvard University ..Bombay, India .University of Georgia .Manila Columbia University ... Nagoya, Japan .Stanford University Yale University LOUIS N. WILSON, Litt.D.. .....Clark University Articles intended for publication, and all correspondence relating to the editorial department of the JOURNAL, should be addressed to Dr. George H. Blakeslee, Clark University, Worcester, Mass. Books for review, exchanges, subscriptions, and all correspondence relating thereto should be addressed to Dr. Louis N. Wilson, Clark University Library, Worcester, Mass. Copyright, 1916, Clark University. The printing of this number was completed October 7, 1916. 23 19162) Lever fund CAMBRIDGE MASAL OF RACE DEVELOPMENT Vol. 7 JULY, 1916 No. 1 THE MEXICAN BORDER PROBLEM: AN AUTHORITATIVE EXPRESSION OF THE MEXICAN VIEWPOINT1 By Honorable Luis G. Bossero, Mexico City The history of the Mexican revolution is a long one. It is the history of a people struggling against all kinds of oppression, oppression from the Spanish conquerors, oppression from native dictators and oppression from powerful foreign concessionaries sustained many times by their governments. Yet the Mexicans have won the final victory at home after the bloody struggle of the last five years. And now when we are at peace, when the de-facto government is endeavoring to restore order and begin the reconstruction of the country, we are confronted with the possibilities of war with a mightier nation. This war or intervention-it is designated by both terms is the result of the plottings of the enemies of Mexican reform and progress, who are the losers in the fight against privilege and monopoly. These parties have succeeded in creating a state of lawlessness on some parts of the border which has resulted in the sending of an expedition into Mexico. There is every evidence that the people who have been urging the American government to intervene in Mexico for over two years were the very same men who helped to bring about the sad conditions on the border. Your Honorable President admitted that fact and even warned the American people against it, when he declared four months ago that there were persons along the border 1 An Address delivered June 29, before the Conference on International Relations held by the International Polity Clubs, at Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. 1 THE JOURNAL OF RACE DEVELOPMENT, VOL. 7, No. 1, 1916 who were trying "to create intolerable friction between the government of the United States and the de-facto government of Mexico, for the purpose of bringing about intervention in the interest of certain American owners of Mexican property." It is to be regretted that at the time the Mexican raiders were pursued your government went to the extent of bringing into Mexico an army of 14,000 men with artillery, aeroplanes, etc., but left the mischief makers on this side of the border, those "American owners of Mexican property" or their agents to continue their operations with impunity. If mighty and weaker nations were accorded the same rights in this world, Mexico could have found as much right to send an expedition into the United States to prevent those "American owners" or their agents from doing mischief, as the United States thinks it had to send one into Mexico to prevent the raids. The United States army now assembled in Mexico might have been more effectively employed in the suppression of the raids by a convenient distribution of its forces along the border, in order to protect every region of it from the invasion of the raiders, and would have had moreover the advantage of preventing raids from being organized on this side of the boundary, as it is suspected was the case in some of them the Glenn Springs raid for instance. I am referring now to American suspicion,—American suspicions of Americans, as well as of Mexicans. Very well, we Mexicans are also suspicious of you. Indeed mutual suspicion is one of the causes of this threatened war. The gathering of such a force at one point and that point within the boundaries of Mexico is looked upon by the Mexicans and by many Americans as the first step towards actual intervention or war, for these two names mean the same thing. Let us consider now whether the United States has a sufficient cause or has a right or anything to gain by intervening or making war in Mexico under the pretext of the border raids. It is nearly ten months since the Villa and Zapata factions of Mexico were annihilated. It is because of |