together with all the opium-smoking instruments the officials could lay their hands on, invitations were issued, and a delegate from the National Opium Prohibition Union was requested to come as a witness. The acting president, Mr. An Ming, responded, and the ceremony proceeded in due and thorough order, lasting from eight in the morning to one in the afternoon, with the civil governor of Chihli, the military governor of Kalgan, the police authorities, and citizens from all neighboring sections an enthusiastic audience. This is typical of scenes being enacted in many parts of China. The Shanghai Opium Combine is the only legal surviving distributor of opium, having secured a license to carry on their traffic until March 31, 1917, in the provinces of Kwangtung, Kiangsu and Kiangsi. To their bribe of $16,000,000 for the privilege of an extension, to their threat of withholding their extra duty of $1750 per case, the Chinese government has lent a deaf ear. The opium traffic must go, and as quickly as possible. The threat of the Combine to stop the payment of the additional duty, even if it is carried out-which is unlikely-would only mean a loss to the government of something like $5,000,000. According to trustworthy information, the Combine can sell between now and the 31st of March, 1917, three thousand cases at a valuation of $5,000 per case, which would give the government a revenue of $5,000,000 a small sacrifice where the physical and moral welfare of the country are at stake. And President Li and his cabinet have lost no time in declaring that there shall be no compromise. FEB 17 1917 VOLUME 7 NUMBER 3 THE JOURNAL OF RACE DEVELOPMENT JANUARY 1917 CONTENTS STRIKING EVENTS OF THE FAR EAST By Gilbert Reid, D.D., Director-in-chief of the Inter- SOME THOUGHTS ON THE POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE JAPANESE By David S. Spencer, D.D., Nagoya, Japan..... BUSINESS AFTER THE WAR 277 .... 291 By Hon. George E. Roberts, Assistant to the President, MANUFACTURING THE WILL OF THE PEOPLE 303 A Documentary History of the Recent Monarchical Movement in China. By Suh Hu, Columbia University, Editor-in-Chief of the Chinese Students' Quarterly....... 319 ALBANIA AND THE BALKANS By Constantin A. Chekrezi, Ex-Secretary to the Interna- TRUE PAN-AMERICANISM: A POLICY OF COÖPERATION WITH THE OTHER By George H. Blakeslee, Ph.D., Professor of History and THE HINDU IN CANADA 329 342 By Sunder Singh, Editor of "The Aryan," Toronto, Canada 361 GEORGE H. BLAKESLEE, Ph.D. President G. STANLEY HALL, LL.D. CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Dean DAVID P. BARROWS, Ph.D...... Professor FRANK H. HANKINS, Ph.D.............. Ass't-Professor ELLSWORTH HUNTINGTON, Professor J. W. JENKS, LL.D..... GEORGE HEBER JONES, D.D.... JOHN P. JONES, D.D...... .University of California ...Columbia University .Rutgers College ..University of Pennsylvania Clark College Ph.D..........Yale University Seoul, Korea .Madura, India Associate Professor A. L. KROEBER, Ph.D........University of California Professor GEORGE Trumbull Ladd, LL.D. Professor EDWARD C. Moore, Ph.D..... K. NATERAJAN. Professor Howard W. Odum, Ph.D....... Professor PAYson J. Treat, Ph.D............... Ass't-Professor FREDERICK W. WILLIAMS. Professor EDWARD KREHBIEL. ......Yale University Harvard University . University of Georgia .Columbia University ..Nagoya, Japan ...Stanford University Yale University Leland Stanford University PUBLISHER LOUIS N. WILSON, Litt.D..... ......Clark University Articles intended for publication, and all correspondence relating to the editorial department of the JOURNAL, should be addressed to Dr. George H. Blakeslee, Clark University, Worcester, Mass. Books for review, exchanges, subscriptions, and all correspondence relating thereto should be addressed to Dr. Louis N. Wilson, Clark University Library, Worcester, Mass. Copyright, 1917, Clark University. The printing of this number was completed February 13, 1917. Vol. 7 FEB 171917 THE JOURNAL OF RACE DEVELOPMENT JANUARY, 1917 STRIKING EVENTS OF THE FAR EAST No. 3 By Gilbert Reid, D.D., Director-in-Chief of the International Institute of China I. THE NEW RÉGIME IN CHINA The death of the late president, Yuan Shih-kai, after he had formally abandoned the movement for a monarchy, but before he had yielded to the demand of many of the people that he resign from the presidency, has been succeeded by many serious problems of state and also by an increasing spirit of confidence and hopefulness. The premier, General Tuan Chi-jui, had been an old friend of the deceased president, but had refused to join the monarchical movement, even with Yuan Shih-kai as emperor. He thus served as a most fitting medium between the régime of Yuan and the new Republican régime. He had become premier under Yuan the last few weeks, and was practically the chief in the few days of transition. Being a military man, he was able to hold in check any mutiny of the troops. Being opposed to the monarchical movement, he commanded the respect of the faction which wanted a republic. Being one of the older officials, having held office even under the Manchus, he commanded the respect of the more conservative element in the country. The preservation of order in the capital rested on Premier Tuan Chi-jui. Through the personal influence of the premier, united with that of the former premier, Hsü Shih-chang, the vicepresident, Li Yuan-hung, was induced to accept the duties of president, in accordance with all the forms of constitution. He had held out to the end against the monarchical THE JOURNAL OF RACE DEVELOPMENT, VOL. 7, No. 3, 1917 movement, even to the danger of his life. He had also said that he was no longer vice-president since Yuan Shih-kai had allowed himself to be declared emperor. This view was of no importance, seeing that all parties in the country had for several months affirmed loyal allegiance to him, should he become the president. Knowing the popular wish, General Li Yuan-hung allowed himself to be declared president. Here, then, was the second unifying factor. The president favored the provisional constitution, not yet fully ratified when the parliament was dissolved in 1913. He was willing to make this the law on which to begin anew. He also favored the reassembling of the old parliament. Premier Tuan at first was in favor of the new revised constitution, ratified by the National Council in 1914, thus making no break in the law of the land. He soon found that this view was not popular, and so, for the sake of peace, he fell in with the wishes of President Li. A mandate was issued reverting to the provisional constitution, and calling upon all members of the two houses of parliament to reassemble in Peking. This was done in the summer. Here, then, was another unifying factor, China had a parliament and a constitution from which to make a start. During these few months the revolt in the provinces has come to an end. Insignificant friction has now and then occurred, first between the premier and the president as to their respective powers, between the cabinet and parliament as to the ones to become cabinet ministers, and between the premier and one of his cabinet ministers. It may be that a new cabinet will be formed. It is still clear, and a matter of gratitude, that the president has succeeded in being such a unifying factor between all elements in the government. The premier has not succeeded so well, but the services he has rendered the last few months, since the demise of President Yuan, deserve the appreciation of his countrymen. Parliament, also, has done much better than before. The provincial authorities are working hard in public interests. The habit has prevailed through our generation to look |