CHRISTIAN CHURCHES.-Baptist.-Northern Baptist Convention.— Southern Baptist Convention.-Congregational.-National Congrega- tional Council.-Lutheran.-Lutheran Union.-The Luther Quadricen- tenary. The General Synod.-The General Council.-The Language Question in the Missouri Synod.-Methodist.-The Union Movement. -War Emergency Commission.-Negro Exodus from the South.-The General Conference of Southern Methodism.-A Great Fund-Raising Year.-Proposed Return of the Wesleyans to the Church of England.- Presbyterian.-Reunion of the Northern and Southern Presbyterian Churches.-Protestant Episcopal.-War Commissions.-Missionary In- come. Changes Among the Bishops.-Retired Clergy Pension Fund.- The Faith and Order Commission.-Roman Catholic.-American Catho- lic Federation.-The Knights of Columbus War Fund.-New Code of Canon Law.-Growth of the Church.-The Y. M. C. A.-War Services.- Regular Activities Foreign Work.-Miscellaneous.-The Federal Council in War Activities. Decrease of Ministerial Students.-General Synods of the Reformed Churches.-National Unitarian Conference.-The Rus- sian Orthodox Church. JUDAISM.-A Year of Relief Work.-Religion and the Schools.-Events at Home.-Events Abroad.-The Zionist Move- PAINTING, SCULPTURE AND HANDICRAFTS.-Artists and the War.-Mu- -Notable Buildings.-The Architectural Profession. LANDSCAPE ARCHI- TECTURE.-Professional Notes.-Exhibits.-Public and Private Work. National Parks. ARCHEOLOGY.-Classical Archæology.-Publications. Museums.-Italy. EPIGRAPHY. MUSIC.-General Survey of the Year. Opera. The Ballet.-Community Music and Pageant Music.-Symphonic Music.-Choral Music.-Music in Europe.-Literature. THE DRAMA. The Theatrical Year.-Classification of Plays.-Notable Productions.- Growing Importance of "Little Theatres."-Activities of the Drama AMERICAN LITERATURE.—Fiction.--Short Stories.-Poetry.-Essays and Criticism. MODERN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE.-English Language and Literature.-English Philology.-Old English Literature.-Middle EDUCATION AS A NATIONAL CONCERN IN WAR TIME.-General.-School and College Enrollment as Affected by the War.-Organizing the Col- leges for War Work.-The Schools and Food Production and Conserva- tion. Reaching the Public Understanding Through the Schools.-The Spirit of the Educational Profession.-Vocational Education.-The Smith-Hughes Act.-Policies of the Federal Board.-Vocational Train- ing for Conscripted Men.-Vocational Training for Disabled Soldiers and Sailors.-Educational Surveys.-General.-Educational Survey Work as a Function of the Bureau of Education.-Duplication Among Higher Institutions; "Major and Service Lines."- -General Educational Statistics.-Public, Elementary and Secondary Schools.-Professional Schools. Teacher Training.-Men and Women Teachers.-Teachers' Salaries.-Cost of Education. LIBRARIES.-War Service of the Ameri- can Library Association.-Standardization, Certification, and Salaries. SUPERVISORY BOARD AND CONSTITUENT THE AMERICAN YEAR BOOK was established in 1910 by conferences of members of national learned societies, acting officially or unofficially in behalf of their societies, and organized as a Supervisory Board. In 1911 the Supervisory Board was incorporated as the American Year Book Corporation, the officers of which are: President, Albert Bushnell Hart; Vice-President, Calvin W. Rice; Secretary and Treasurer, George W. Kirchwey; Directors, Albert Bushnell Hart, Hastings Horneil Hart, George W. Kirchwey, Alexander Lambert, Calvin W. Rice, John C. Rolfe. The following is a list of the members of the Board, representing the societies indicated, who have supervised the preparation of the material in this issue of the YEAR BOOK: Cyrus C. Adams, New York. AMERICAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. Edwin W. Allen, Department of Agriculture, Washington. SOCIETY FOR THE Elmer E. Brown, Chancellor, New York University. ASSOCIATION. NATIONAL EDUCATION Francis Marion Burdick, Emeritus Professor of Law, Columbia University. AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION. Edward Caldwell, New York. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGI NEERS. Edwin G. Conklin, Professor of Zoölogy, Princeton University. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. Daniel H. Cox, Consulting Engineer, New York. Secretary, AMERICAN SoCIETY OF NAVAL ARCHITECTS AND MARINE ENGINEERS. William M. Davis, Professor of Geology, Harvard University. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS, and NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Charles R. Eastman, American Museum of Natural History, New York. James C. Egbert, Professor of Latin, Columbia University. ARCHEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF AMERICA. Henry W. Farnam, Professor of Political Economy, Yale University. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABOR LEGISLATION. E. Porter Felt, New York State Entomologist. Franklin H. Giddings, Professor of Sociology, Columbia University. AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Caspar F. Goodrich, Rear-Admiral, U. S. N., retired. Albert Bushnell Hart, Professor of Science of Government, Harvard University. AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. Hastings Hornell Hart, Sage Foundation, New York. NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CHARITIES AND CORRECTION. A. V. Williams Jackson, Professor of Indo-Iranian Languages, Columbia University. Secretary, AMERICAN ORIENTAL SOCIETY. Emory R. Johnson, Professor of Commerce, University of Pennsylvania. George W. Kirchwey, late Professor of Law, Columbia University. Waldo Lincoln, Worcester, Mass. President, AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN SO CIETY. George Grant MacCurdy, Professor of Archæology, Yale University. George T. Moore, Professor of Applied Botany, Washington University. PHYSICAL SOCIETY. AMERICAN Calvin W. Rice, Secretary, AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. John C. Rolfe, Professor of Latin Languages and Literature, University of Pennsylvania. AMERICAN PHILOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION. Henry N. Russell, Professor of Astronomy, Princeton University. AMERICAN ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY. Edwin R. A. Seligman, Professor of Political Economy and Finance, Columbia University. AMERICAN ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION. Alexander Smith, Professor of Chemistry, Columbia University. AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. Bradley Stoughton, Consulting Engineer, New York. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF MINING ENGINEERS (Secretary) and AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALS. Wendell M. Strong, New York. Secretary, ACTUARIAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. Walter F. Willcox, Professor of Economics and Statistics, Cornell University. AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION. W. W. Willoughby, Professor of Political Science, Johns Hopkins University. AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION. Edwin B. Wilson, Professor of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY. George G. Wilson, Professor of International Law, Harvard University. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW. Clinton Rogers Woodruff, Secretary, NATIONAL MUNICIPAL LEAGUE. James I. Wyer, Jr., New York State Library, Albany. AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. CONTRIBUTORS Cyrus C. Adams, A.B.: EXPLORATION AND GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH. Consul of the United States, attached to the office of the Foreign Edwin West Allen, Ph.D.: AGRICULTURE. Chief, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Department of Agriculture; Editor, Experiment Station Record; Secretary, Agricultural Section, American Association for the Advancement of Science. Car! Lucas Alsberg, A.M., M.D.: BIOLOGICAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY. Chief, Bureau of Chemistry, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Andrew P. Anderson, B.S.: HIGHWAYS. Highway Engineer, Office of Public Roads and Rural Engineering, Irene Osgood Andrews, A.B.: LABOR LEGISLATION. Assistant Secretary, American Association for Labor Legislation. John Bertram Andrews, A.M., Ph.D.: LABOR; UNEMPLOYMENT. Secretary, American Association for Labor Legislation; Editor, Joseph A. Anglada, M.E.: AUTOMOBILES. Consulting Mechanical Engineer. Wallace Walter Atwood, B.S., Ph.D.: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. Professor of Physiography, Harvard University; Geologist, U. S. Leonard S. Austin, Ph.B: COPPER. Consulting Mining and Metallurgical Engineer. William Nickerson Bates, A.M., Ph.D.: CLASSICAL ARCHEOLOGY. Professor of Greek, University of Pennsylvania; Editor, Department of "News and Discussions," American Journal of Archæology. Albert Croll Baugh, Ph.D.: ENGLISH LITERATURE. Instructor in English, University of Pennsylvania. Morris Bien, Ph.B., LL.M.: PUBLIC LANDS. Supervising Engineer and Counsel, U. S. Reclamation Service. Francke Huntington Bosworth, Jr., A.B.: ARCHITECTURE. Architect. Benjamin P. Bourland, A.M., Ph.D.: ROMANCE LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE. Professor of the Romance Languages, Western Reserve University. Harlow Brooks, M.D.: MEDICINE. Major Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. Arthur Wesley Browne, M.S., Ph.D.: INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. Professor of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Cornell Univer sity; Chemical Expert in the Ordnance Department at Large, U. S. War Department. Paul Easterling Bryan, B.A., M.A., LL.B.: CRIMINAL LAW. Professor in the Lamar School of Law, Emory University. Francis Marion Burdick, LL.B., LL.D.: LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE. Emeritus Professor of Law, Columbia University. Leon Cammen, M.A.: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. Editor Engineering Survey, Journal of the American Society of Henry King Carroll, LL.D.: CHRISTIAN CHURCHES. Secretary of Ecumenical Methodist Commission: Statistician of Emile M. Chamot, Ph.D., B.Sc.Chem.: SANITARY CHEMISTRY. Professor of Chemical Microscopy and Sanitary Chemistry, Cornell Walter Clarke, B.A.: SOCIAL HYGIENE. Director, Department of Social Hygiene Instruction, War Department Commission on Training Camp Activities; Acting Assistant Secretary of the American Social Hygiene Association. Abbie Condit, A.B.: RECREATION. Assistant, Playground and Recreation Association of America. Edwin Franklin Cone, A.B., B.S.: IRON AND STEEL. Associate Editor The Iron Age. Daniel H. Cox: SHIPBUILDING AND MARINE ENGINEERING. Graduate, U. S. Naval Academy and Royal Naval College, Greenwich, England; Secretary, American Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. Charles Halloway Crennan, A.M., Ph.D.: WATERWAYS AND HARBORS. Assistant Professor of Economics, University of Pennsylvania. William Thomas Cross, A.M.: CHARITY; CONSTRUCTIVE AND PREVENTIVE SOCIAL WORK. General Secretary, National Conference of Charities and Correction. Arthur Davis Dean, B.S., D.Sc.: VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND GUIDANCE. Professor of Vocational Education, Teachers College, Columbia University. Raymond Smith Dugan, M.A., Ph.D.: ASTRONOMY. Assistant Professor of Astronomy, Princeton University. Benjamin Minge Duggar, A.M., Ph.D.: BOTANY. Professor of Plant Physiology, Washington University; Physiologist of the Missouri Botanical Garden; Acting Professor of Biochemistry in the Washington University Medical School. Walter Prichard Eaton, A.B.: THE DRAMA. Dramatic Critic, American Magazine. Walter H. Evans, A.M., Ph.D.: DISEASES OF PLANTS. Botanical Editor, Experiment Station Record; Chief of Insular Stations, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Department of Agricul ture. Charles De Van Fawcett, E.E.: ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING. Assistant Secretary, Illuminating Engineering Society. |