Pacifists, Wilson as pacifist, 39-40; organizations, 73; Ford's "Peace Ship," 74; oppose preparedness, 81; and Liberty Loans, 187 Paderewski, I. J., and Council of Ten, 274 Panama Canal, question of tolls, 35
Papen, Franz von, German military attaché, 75, 76; letter to his wife, 77; dis- missed, 78
Paris, fears capture (1918), 210; see also Peace Con- ference
Peace Conference, 254 et seq.; Wilson at, 23; American Commission, 248-50; delay in opening, 256–57, 285; lack of organization, 257; atmos- phere, 257-58; meets (Jan. 18, 1919), 261; commissions, 275-76; German delegates at, 317; bibliography, 364-65 "Peace Ship," Henry Ford sends to Europe, 74 Pennsylvania, battleship, pre- cedes George Washington out of New York harbor, 253 Peronne, capture of, 192
Pershing, General J. J., Mexi- can expedition, 87, 88; com- mands American Expedi- tionary Force, 122, 123-24, 148; personal characteristics, 123; calls for replacements, 130; insistant on offensive spirit, 131; and Browning guns, 138; plea for troops, 194, 196; policy, 205; policy shattered, 208-09; con- fidence in American troops, 211, 222; on Americans at Soissons, 216; and armistice, 244; ready for invasion of Germany, 320
Pétain, General H. P., Per- shing compared with, 123; supports Foch, 207 Philippines, and American for- eign policy, 32; problem in 1912, 35; Pershing's experi- ence in, 123 Pichon, Stephane, French For-
eign Minister, Council of Ten meets in study of, 264; in Council of Ten, 267 Pittsburgh, Wilson speaks at, 83
Plattsburg (N. Y.), civilian camp at, 82
Plebiscites, 326; see also Self- determination
Poland, Austria and Poles, 232; claims, 282; national- istic ambitions aroused by treaty, 322; independence recognized, 324; outlet to sea, 326; and League, 328 Politics, insignificant rôle in Great War, 226; see also Democratic party, Republi- can party Pomerene, Atlee, proposes committee of conciliation for treaty, 345 Portugal, Germany ranks American army with that of, 117
Preparedness, 71 et seq.; Wilson and, 15, 58, 117, 118; Wood on, 80-81; of army when war declared, 117 Princeton University, Wilson at, 3-5 Progressive party, 92 Propaganda, German, 44, 65, 71-74, 186
Punch, cartoon on Wilson's patience, 56
Quai d'Orsay, Peace Confer- ence held at, 261, 310 Queenstown, destroyers sent to, 145, 197, 199
Raggi, Salvago, on territorial commission of Peace Confer- ence, 276
Reading, Lord, refuses mission for separate peace with Aus- tria, 231
Red Cross, American help for, 67
Reparations Commission, 305- 306; see also Indemnities Republican party, and Wilson, 1, 5-6; and election of 1916, 89-92; success (1918), 247 Revertata, Austrian emissary,
Rheims cathedral shelled, 73 Rintelen, Franz von, German agent, 80
Roebling wire-rope shop, sus-
pected German plots in, 79 Roosevelt, F. D., Assistant Secretary of Navy, 144 Roosevelt, Theodore, Wilson contrasted to, 16-17, 18; as peacemaker between Rus- sia and Japan, 34; on America's policy of non- intervention in Europe, 39, 53, 69; Republicans refuse as candidate (1916), 90-91; Wilson refuses volunteer command, 122-23; attack on
Roosevelt, Theodore-Cont'd Wilson's war policies, 188; plea for Republican Con- gress (1898), 246-47; making of the peace, 251 Root, Elihu, popular demand for membership on Peace Commission, 249 Rosenwald, Julius, on Council
of National Defense, 155 Rumania, enters war, 99; de- feat, 100; demand for terri- tory, 282; nationalistic am- bitions aroused by treaty, 322; boundaries extended, 327
Russia, Alaska purchased from, 31; Roosevelt as peacemaker between Japan and, 34; in 1916, 100; wheat supply cut off from Europe, 159; Bolshevik revolution, 193; Brusilov attack, 193; nego- tiations with Germany, 232; Brest-Litovsk treaty, 239; problem unsettled, 322 Ruthenians complain of treaty,
Ryan, J. D., director of aircraft
production for army, 142
S. O. S., see Service of Supply Saar, "The Inquiry" gathers facts concerning, 260; French claim, 302, 325; and the League, 328
St. Louis, Wilson speaks at, 83
St. Mihiel, battle, 124, 184, 211, 218, 219-20
St. Nazaire, port allotted to American Expeditionary Force, 202 St. Quentin, American en- gineering units at, 211; Hin- denburg line broken at,
224 Scheidemann, Philipp, Ger- man premier, 317
Schwab, C. M., in charge of Emergency Fleet Corpora- tion, 176, 178
Selective Service Act, 122, 127; see also Draft Self-determination,
principle of, 325; see also Plebiscites Serbia, relief, 67; demand for territory, 282; treaty term concerning, 327
Service of Supply, 202-05 Shadowlawn, Wilson's speech at, 98
Shantung, Japan's claim, 315- 317; Chinese resent settle- ment, 321
Shipping Board, see United States Shipping Board Sims, Admiral W. S., com- mands destroyer flotillas, 145, 197; personal char- acteristics, 198; inter- national reputation, 198-99 Smith, James, Democratic boss of New Jersey, Wilson and, 6 Smuts, General, mission to Switzerland in behalf of peace with Austria, 231; and League of Nations, 289, 290. signs treaty, 321
Soissons, American troops at, 216
Somme front, Hindenburg's retreat, 192
Sonnino, S. C., Baron, Italian Peace Commissioner, 251; opposed Wilson's pro- gramme, 252; in Council of Ten, 271-72; languages, 272; and Fiume, 312 Spain, war with, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 51; agent of General Purchasing Board in, 204 Springfield rifle, 138 Stone, W. J., approves em- bargo on munitions, 44; supports resolutions con- cerning armed merchant vessels, 59
Students' Army Training Corps, 131
Submarine warfare, 45, 47 et seq., 105, 106-07, 109-10, 193
Sumner, British financial ex- pert, 300
Sussex, torpedoed without warning, 60, 80; pledge, 62, 97; feeling in America re- garding, 99; withdrawal of pledge, 106 Switzerland, agent of General Purchasing Board in, 204
Taft, W. H., attitude toward America's entering war, 53; president of League to En- force Peace, 96; on National War Labor Board, 182; popu- lar demand for membership on Peace Commission, 249; for compromise on treaty, 346
Tardieu, André, in Council of Ten, 267; on territorial com- mission, 276; assists House in reconciling Wilson and
Allied leaders, 304 Tauscher, Captain Hans, and German plots, 76 Teschen, "The
gathers facts concerning mines in, 260
Texas promised by Germany as bribe to Mexico, 106 Times, London, Wilson sanc- tions Britain's position on seas in, 323
Treaty, flaws in, 321-22; Sen- ate and, 330 et seq.; see also League of Nations, Peace Conference
Treaty of London, 310-11, 312, 313, 314
Tumulty, J. P., Wilson and,
Turkey, collapse, 224, 228 Tyrol, Italian claim in, 288,
311; Italy granted territory, 326
Underwood, O. W., motion for ratification of treaty, 344 United States, foreign policy, 30-36; material change due to war (1914-16), 66-68; blindness to war issues, 68; reasons for entering war, 114-15
United States Shipping Board, 175
Vanceboro (Maine), German plot to destroy bridge at, 75 Vaterland rechristened Levia- than, 179
Venezuelan crisis, 30 Venizelos, Eleutherios, and
Council of Ten, 273-74; member of League of Na- tions commission, 289; on League, 328
Vera Cruz, occupation of, 86 Vickers machine guns, 137 Vigilancia torpedoed, 111 Villa, Francisco, expedition against, 87, 123
War Industries Board, 156, 188
War Labor Policies Board, 182
War Trade Board, 179, 259 Washington, George, warns against entangling alliances, 28 Welland Canal, German plot to destroy, 75-76
Wesleyan University, Wilson as professor at, 3
White, Henry, at Algeciras Conference, 34; on Peace Commission, 249
Wilhelmina, British seize, 43 Willard, Daniel, on Council of National Defense, 155
Wilson, Woodrow, as an execu- tive, 1 et seq.; elected Presi- dent, 1, 8; age, 2; early life, 2; personal characteristics, 2-3, 8 et seq.; Congressional Government, thesis, 3; Pro- fessor at Princeton, 3; gradu- ate work at Johns Hopkins, 3; President of Princeton, 4; enters politics, 5; Governor of New Jersey, 5-7; Presi- dential nomination, 7-8; Cabinet, 13-14, 153-54; ap- pointments, 13-15; social relations, 17; tactical mis- takes, 18, 19-20, 247-48, 292; speeches, 19; as phrase- maker, 19, 51-52; unpopu- larity, 19-20, 68-70, 89, 245-46, 253, 332, 337-38; political principles, 20-23; religious convictions, 23-24; and foreign affairs, 25-26, 35; and neutrality, 39-41; and mediation, 41-42, 99, 100; and proposed embargo on munitions, 44; answer to German submarine proc- lamation, 46; and House, 47, 48; diplomatic struggle with Germany, 52-57; and right of merchantmen to arm for defense, 58-60, 110-11; Sus- ser note to Germany, 61-62; change in foreign policy, 63- 65; on German-Americans, 79-80, 90, 91; and prepared- ness, 81, 82, 84-85, 90, 117- 118, 151; speech-making tour (1916), 83-84; and Mexico, 86-88; political strength, 88- 89; reëlection (1916), 88-93, 99; development of inter- national ideal, 94-97; speech at Omaha, 98; speech at Shadowlawn, 98; peace note (Dec. 18, 1916), 100, 101-03; demands definition of war aims, 101; speech in Senate
(Jan. 22, 1917), 103-05; severs diplomatic relations with Germany, 107-08; speech in Congress (Feb. 3, 1917), 107-09; demand that Congress recognize state of war (April 2, 1917), 111-13; idealism, 113-14, 115, 280; policy of centralization, 119- 120, 147-49, 152-53, 188-91; and Pershing, 122, 226; and Roosevelt, 122-23; and draft, 126; proclamation (May 18, 1917), 150-51; on coöper- ation of people, 156; and Hoover, 160, 161; and Gar- field, 167; and revolt in Sen- ate against war policies, 188- 189, 190-91; supports ap- pointment of generalissimo, 207; receives plea for troops from Allies, 210; distribution of speeches in Central Em- pires, 228; Flag Day address, 229; reply to Pope's peace proposals, 230-31; and ques- tion of separate peace with Austria, 231; formulates Fourteen Points, 233-38; appeals to peoples of Central Empire, 239-40; Germany requests armistice of, 241; negotiations with Germany, 242; responsibility for armi- stice, 243; power in situation, 245; appeal for Democratic Congress, 246, 247; appoint- ment of Peace Commission, 248-50; decision to go to Paris, 250, 251-53; Roose- velt on, 251; arrival in Europe, 254; in Paris, 254; in England, 255; in Italy, 255; stands for justice, 255– 256, 282; popularity wanes, 256; use of experts, 260; in Council of Ten, 268; and Lloyd George, 270; heads League of Nations
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