Pacifists, Wilson as pacifist,
39-40; organizations, 73;
Ford's "Peace Ship," 74;
oppose preparedness, 81;
and Liberty Loans, 187
Paderewski, I. J., and Council
of Ten, 274
Panama Canal, question of
tolls, 35
Papen, Franz von, German
military attaché, 75, 76;
letter to his wife, 77; dis-
missed, 78
Paris, fears capture (1918),
210; see also Peace Con-
ference
Peace Conference, 254 et seq.;
Wilson at, 23; American
Commission, 248-50; delay
in opening, 256–57, 285; lack
of organization, 257; atmos-
phere, 257-58; meets (Jan.
18, 1919), 261; commissions,
275-76; German delegates at,
317; bibliography, 364-65
"Peace Ship," Henry Ford
sends to Europe, 74
Pennsylvania, battleship, pre-
cedes George Washington out
of New York harbor, 253
Peronne, capture of, 192
Pershing, General J. J., Mexi-
can expedition, 87, 88; com-
mands American Expedi-
tionary Force, 122, 123-24,
148; personal characteristics,
123; calls for replacements,
130; insistant on offensive
spirit, 131; and Browning
guns, 138; plea for troops,
194, 196; policy, 205; policy
shattered, 208-09; con-
fidence in American troops,
211, 222; on Americans at
Soissons, 216; and armistice,
244; ready for invasion of
Germany, 320
Pétain, General H. P., Per-
shing compared with, 123;
supports Foch, 207
Philippines, and American for-
eign policy, 32; problem in
1912, 35; Pershing's experi-
ence in, 123
Pichon, Stephane, French For-
eign Minister, Council of
Ten meets in study of, 264;
in Council of Ten, 267
Pittsburgh, Wilson speaks at,
83
Plattsburg (N. Y.), civilian
camp at, 82
Plebiscites, 326; see also Self-
determination
Poland, Austria and Poles,
232; claims, 282; national-
istic ambitions aroused by
treaty, 322; independence
recognized, 324; outlet to
sea, 326; and League, 328
Politics, insignificant rôle in
Great War, 226;
see also
Democratic party, Republi-
can party
Pomerene, Atlee, proposes
committee of conciliation for
treaty, 345
Portugal, Germany ranks
American army with that of,
117
Preparedness, 71 et seq.; Wilson
and, 15, 58, 117, 118; Wood
on, 80-81; of army when
war declared, 117
Princeton University, Wilson
at, 3-5
Progressive party, 92
Propaganda, German, 44, 65,
71-74, 186
Punch, cartoon on Wilson's
patience, 56
Quai d'Orsay, Peace Confer-
ence held at, 261, 310
Queenstown, destroyers sent
to, 145, 197, 199
Raggi, Salvago, on territorial
commission of Peace Confer-
ence, 276
Reading, Lord, refuses mission
for separate peace with Aus-
tria, 231
Red Cross, American help for,
67
Reparations Commission, 305-
306; see also Indemnities
Republican party, and Wilson,
1, 5-6; and election of 1916,
89-92; success (1918), 247
Revertata, Austrian emissary,
Rheims cathedral shelled, 73
Rintelen, Franz von, German
agent, 80
Roebling wire-rope shop, sus-
pected German plots in, 79
Roosevelt, F. D., Assistant
Secretary of Navy, 144
Roosevelt, Theodore, Wilson
contrasted to, 16-17, 18; as
peacemaker between Rus-
sia and Japan, 34; on
America's policy of non-
intervention in Europe, 39,
53, 69; Republicans refuse
as candidate (1916), 90-91;
Wilson refuses volunteer
command, 122-23; attack on
Roosevelt, Theodore-Cont'd
Wilson's war policies, 188;
plea for Republican Con-
gress (1898), 246-47;
making of the peace, 251
Root, Elihu, popular demand
for membership on Peace
Commission, 249
Rosenwald, Julius, on Council
of National Defense, 155
Rumania, enters war, 99; de-
feat, 100; demand for terri-
tory, 282; nationalistic am-
bitions aroused by treaty,
322; boundaries extended,
327
Russia, Alaska purchased from,
31; Roosevelt as peacemaker
between Japan and, 34;
in 1916, 100; wheat supply
cut off from Europe, 159;
Bolshevik revolution, 193;
Brusilov attack, 193; nego-
tiations with Germany, 232;
Brest-Litovsk treaty, 239;
problem unsettled, 322
Ruthenians complain of treaty,
Ryan, J. D., director of aircraft
production for army, 142
S. O. S., see Service of Supply
Saar, "The Inquiry" gathers
facts concerning, 260;
French claim, 302, 325; and
the League, 328
St. Louis, Wilson speaks at,
83
St. Mihiel, battle, 124, 184,
211, 218, 219-20
St. Nazaire, port allotted to
American Expeditionary
Force, 202
St. Quentin, American en-
gineering units at, 211; Hin-
denburg line broken at,
224
Scheidemann, Philipp, Ger-
man premier, 317
Schwab, C. M., in charge of
Emergency Fleet Corpora-
tion, 176, 178
Selective Service Act, 122, 127;
see also Draft
Self-determination,
principle
of, 325; see also Plebiscites
Serbia, relief, 67; demand for
territory, 282; treaty term
concerning, 327
Service of Supply, 202-05
Shadowlawn, Wilson's speech
at, 98
Shantung, Japan's claim, 315-
317; Chinese resent settle-
ment, 321
Shipping Board, see United
States Shipping Board
Sims, Admiral W. S., com-
mands destroyer flotillas,
145, 197; personal char-
acteristics, 198; inter-
national reputation, 198-99
Smith, James, Democratic boss
of New Jersey, Wilson and, 6
Smuts, General, mission to
Switzerland in behalf of
peace with Austria, 231; and
League of Nations, 289, 290.
signs treaty, 321
Soissons, American troops at,
216
Somme front, Hindenburg's
retreat, 192
Sonnino, S. C., Baron, Italian
Peace Commissioner, 251;
opposed Wilson's pro-
gramme, 252; in Council of
Ten, 271-72; languages,
272; and Fiume, 312
Spain, war with, 28, 29, 30, 32,
33, 51; agent of General
Purchasing Board in, 204
Springfield rifle, 138
Stone, W. J., approves em-
bargo on munitions, 44;
supports resolutions con-
cerning armed merchant
vessels, 59
Students' Army Training
Corps, 131
Submarine warfare, 45, 47 et
seq., 105, 106-07, 109-10,
193
Sumner, British financial ex-
pert, 300
Sussex, torpedoed without
warning, 60, 80; pledge, 62,
97; feeling in America re-
garding, 99; withdrawal of
pledge, 106
Switzerland, agent of General
Purchasing Board in, 204
Taft, W. H., attitude toward
America's entering war, 53;
president of League to En-
force Peace, 96; on National
War Labor Board, 182; popu-
lar demand for membership
on Peace Commission, 249;
for compromise on treaty,
346
Tardieu, André, in Council of
Ten, 267; on territorial com-
mission, 276; assists House in
reconciling Wilson and
Allied leaders, 304
Tauscher, Captain Hans, and
German plots, 76
Teschen, "The
gathers facts concerning
mines in, 260
Texas promised by Germany as
bribe to Mexico, 106
Times, London, Wilson sanc-
tions Britain's position on
seas in, 323
Treaty, flaws in, 321-22; Sen-
ate and, 330 et seq.; see also
League of Nations, Peace
Conference
Treaty of London, 310-11, 312,
313, 314
Tumulty, J. P., Wilson and,
Turkey, collapse, 224, 228
Tyrol, Italian claim in, 288,
311; Italy granted territory,
326
Underwood, O. W., motion for
ratification of treaty, 344
United States, foreign policy,
30-36; material change due
to war (1914-16), 66-68;
blindness to war issues, 68;
reasons for entering war,
114-15
United States Shipping Board,
175
Vanceboro (Maine), German
plot to destroy bridge at, 75
Vaterland rechristened Levia-
than, 179
Venezuelan crisis, 30
Venizelos, Eleutherios, and
Council of Ten, 273-74;
member of League of Na-
tions commission, 289; on
League, 328
Vera Cruz, occupation of, 86
Vickers machine guns, 137
Vigilancia torpedoed, 111
Villa, Francisco, expedition
against, 87, 123
War Industries Board, 156,
188
War Labor Policies Board,
182
War Trade Board, 179, 259
Washington, George, warns
against entangling alliances,
28
Welland Canal, German plot to
destroy, 75-76
Wesleyan University, Wilson
as professor at, 3
White, Henry, at Algeciras
Conference, 34; on Peace
Commission, 249
Wilhelmina, British seize, 43
Willard, Daniel, on Council of
National Defense, 155
Wilson, Woodrow, as an execu-
tive, 1 et seq.; elected Presi-
dent, 1, 8; age, 2; early life,
2; personal characteristics,
2-3, 8 et seq.; Congressional
Government, thesis, 3; Pro-
fessor at Princeton, 3; gradu-
ate work at Johns Hopkins,
3; President of Princeton, 4;
enters politics, 5; Governor
of New Jersey, 5-7; Presi-
dential nomination, 7-8;
Cabinet, 13-14, 153-54; ap-
pointments, 13-15; social
relations, 17; tactical mis-
takes, 18, 19-20, 247-48,
292; speeches, 19; as phrase-
maker, 19, 51-52; unpopu-
larity, 19-20, 68-70, 89,
245-46, 253, 332, 337-38;
political principles, 20-23;
religious convictions, 23-24;
and foreign affairs, 25-26,
35; and neutrality, 39-41;
and mediation, 41-42, 99,
100; and proposed embargo
on munitions, 44; answer to
German submarine proc-
lamation, 46; and House, 47,
48; diplomatic struggle with
Germany, 52-57; and right
of merchantmen to arm for
defense, 58-60, 110-11; Sus-
ser note to Germany, 61-62;
change in foreign policy, 63-
65; on German-Americans,
79-80, 90, 91; and prepared-
ness, 81, 82, 84-85, 90, 117-
118, 151; speech-making tour
(1916), 83-84; and Mexico,
86-88; political strength, 88-
89; reëlection (1916), 88-93,
99; development of inter-
national ideal, 94-97; speech
at Omaha, 98; speech at
Shadowlawn, 98; peace note
(Dec. 18, 1916), 100, 101-03;
demands definition of war
aims, 101; speech in Senate
(Jan. 22, 1917), 103-05;
severs diplomatic relations
with Germany, 107-08;
speech in Congress (Feb. 3,
1917), 107-09; demand that
Congress recognize state of
war (April 2, 1917), 111-13;
idealism, 113-14, 115, 280;
policy of centralization, 119-
120, 147-49, 152-53, 188-91;
and Pershing, 122, 226; and
Roosevelt, 122-23; and draft,
126; proclamation (May 18,
1917), 150-51; on coöper-
ation of people, 156; and
Hoover, 160, 161; and Gar-
field, 167; and revolt in Sen-
ate against war policies, 188-
189, 190-91; supports ap-
pointment of generalissimo,
207; receives plea for troops
from Allies, 210; distribution
of speeches in Central Em-
pires, 228; Flag Day address,
229; reply to Pope's peace
proposals, 230-31; and ques-
tion of separate peace with
Austria, 231; formulates
Fourteen Points, 233-38;
appeals to peoples of Central
Empire, 239-40; Germany
requests armistice of, 241;
negotiations with Germany,
242; responsibility for armi-
stice, 243; power in situation,
245; appeal for Democratic
Congress, 246, 247; appoint-
ment of Peace Commission,
248-50; decision to go to
Paris, 250, 251-53; Roose-
velt on, 251; arrival in
Europe, 254; in Paris, 254;
in England, 255; in Italy,
255; stands for justice, 255–
256, 282; popularity wanes,
256; use of experts, 260; in
Council of Ten, 268; and
Lloyd George, 270; heads
League of Nations
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