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farms in a high state of cultivation, was destroyed by General Sullivan, in 1779.

Havana, in the town of Catharines, is a thriving village on the Chemung canal. It has some manufactures. Population, 1000.

Fairport, formerly called Horseheads, from the fact that General Sullivan here killed some seventy or eighty of his pack horses, to prevent their falling into the hand of the Indians, is a thriving village in the town of Elmira. It is considerably engaged in the lumber trade. Population, 600.

Millport, in the town of Veteran, is a village of some importance. It has a fine hydraulic power. Population, 500.

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Mountains. EE. Kayaderosseras. JJ. Au Sable range. k. May

field mountain. 1. Klip Hill.

Rivers.

a. Sacandaga. c. Cayaduta or Little Canada Creek. f. Fish. h. East Canada. i. Garoga.

Lakes. m. Fish Lake. n. Garoga Lakes.

Battle Fields. Johnstown.

Villages. JOHNSTOWN.

Kingsborough.

BOUNDARIES. North by Hamilton county; East by Saratoga county; South by Montgomery county, and West by Herkimer county.

SURFACE. Mountainous. The Kayaderosseras and Au Sable ranges traverse the county. Mayfield mountain and Klip hill are local names given to spurs of these ranges.

RIVERS. On the east the county is drained by Sacandaga river and its branches, West Stoney and Mayfield creeks. On the south by Chuctenunda, Cayaduta, Garoga and Zimmerman's creeks, all flowing into the Mohawk, and on the west by East Canada Creek and its tributaries, Ayres, Fish and Sprite Creeks.

LAKES. Fish Lake and the Garoga Lakes are the only considerable sheets of water in the county.

CLIMATE. Healthful, but from the elevation of much of the surface, cool.

GEOLOGY AND MINERALS. The rocks of the northern part of the county are primitive, consisting of gneiss, in some of its forms. As we approach nearer the Mohawk, the calciferous or earlier limestone makes its appearance, particularly in the eastern part of the county. In Mayfield, the limestone denominated by Geologists, birdseye, is found, and on the southern limits of the county, the Trenton limestone.

The county does not appear to be rich in minerals. Mica, garnet, green feldspar, and porphyritic gneiss, are the principal yet discovered. Quartz, in fine transparent crystals, occurs in the southern part of the county.

SOIL AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTIONS. The soil of the southern portion of the county is rich and fertile, and well adapted to grain. Oak, hickory, ash, maple, &c. are the principal forest trees. In the northern part of the county the hemlock and oak are found, and the land is less fertile.

PURSUITS. Agriculture is the pursuit of a majority of the inhabitants. In the southern towns a considerable quantity of grain is raised; in the northern, more attention is paid to the rearing of cattle, sheep and swine, and to the products of the dairy.

Manufactures also form an important pursuit in the county, and are annually increasing in value. The principal articles of manufacture are leather, (for which the hemlock forests of the

northern portion afford great facilities,) buckskin gloves and mittens, which are made here in larger quantities than any where else in the United States; flour, lumber and paper.

There is no commerce from the want of navigable streams. There are no mines.

THE STAPLE PRODUCTIONS are butter, cheese, wool, oats, rye, flax, potatoes and corn.

SCHOOLS. There are 105 public schools in the county. The average number of months during which schools are maintained is seven. The expenses of public school instruction in 1846, were $7168, and the number of scholars 5593. The district libraries contained 11,292 volumes. Three private schools had nineteen pupils, and two academies eighty-five scholars.

RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. Presbyterians, Methodists, Baptists, Dutch Reformed, Unitarians, Episcopalians and Universalists. There are in the county thirty-two churches, and twenty-nine clergy men, of all denominations.

HISTORY. The first settlements in this county, appear to have been made by German emigrants, in 1724, at Oppenheim and Ephrata. The settlements about Johnstown were made between 1760 and 1770, through the influence of Sir William Johnson and his family. In 1764 or 1765, Sir William erected the residence known as Johnson Hall, one mile west of the village of Johnstown, and resided there till his death. A sketch of his life has already been given, under Montgomery county. The possessions of the baronet in this, as well as in Montgomery county, were confiscated after the revolution, and sold.

On Sunday, the 21st of May, 1780, Sir John Johnson made an incursion into Johnstown, and burned thirty-three houses, killed eleven persons and wounded a number more. Colonel Visscher, one of those who were wounded, was scalped and left for dead, but finally recovered.

In October, 1781, the battle of Johnstown was fought, on the Hall Farm, in Johnstown.

A body of tories and Indians, about 700 in number, under the command of the inhuman Ross and Walter Butler, had made a descent upon the valley of the Mohawk, to plunder and butcher its inhabitants. They had proceeded thus far, marking their course with fire and blood, when Colonel Marinus Willet, with a body of Mohawk valley troops, attacked them, and after a severe action compelled them to retreat. They were closely pursued, and it was during their flight, that the infamous Butler met with the fate he so justly merited, at the hand of an Oneida Indian.* The loss of the Americans, in this conflict, was about

*It is related that when Butler was wounded, and the Oneida Indian, who had shot him, rushed upon him, tomahawk in hand, the wretch, who had never shown

forty. Nearly the same number of the enemy were killed, and about fifty taken prisoners.

VILLAGES. JOHNSTOWN is a fine and thriving village, in the town of the same name. Its location was selected by Sir William Johnson, and several of its public edifices erected by him.

It has a flourishing academy, the bell of which was the gift of Queen Anne, to a chapel called after her, which was destroyed during the revolution. It is the county seat. Population 1000.

Kingsboro' is another village in the same township, famous for the manufacture of deerskin gloves and mittens. It has an academy of some note. Population 400.

Gloversville, in the same township, is also celebrated for the manufacture of mittens, gloves and moccasins, of buckskin. Population 400.

At the confluence of Mayfield creek with the Sacandaga river, is the Fish House village, so named from Sir William Johnson's summer residence, which stood at this point, and at which he was accustomed to spend a considerable portion of each summer, in hunting, fishing and rural amusements.

About 1000 acres of the Vlaie, or great marsh, extending over some 5000 acres, lie in this vicinity, and afford a valuable range for cattle in the dry season, and a fine fishing and hunting ground for the sportsman.

Rawsonville, in the town of Broadalbin, is a village of some importance. Population 50.

mercy to any, however innocent and helpless, who had implored it at his hands, begged for quarter from the Indian. "Me give you Sherry valley quarters," was the broken reply of the savage; alluding to the bloody massacre of Cherry valley, in which Butler had acted so conspicuous a part. With this answer, he buried his tomahawk in the brain of the murderer.

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