the light of commanding and controlling philosophical principle. Since his activity ceased in death, American education has had many conflicting voices, but no clear dominant note of leadership. The parodies on educational philosophy that are temporarily occupying seats of influence, to the undoing of the nation's education and to the steady weakening and confusion of the national character, have a terrible burden of responsibility to bear."

Over eight thousand eighth grade and high school boys and girls of Iowa now are keeping accurate accounts of their personal expenditures for the school year. These records are used in connection with thrift instruction in the Iowa schools and are under supervision of the home economics teachers and state home demonstration agents. These records are expected to furnish most interesting exhibits of both the possibilities and necessity of thrift in the schools. The personal expense record blanks furnished the pupils provide space for the listing of sums spent for clothing, lunch, candy, gum, ice cream, school supplies, amusements, church and club donations, gifts, savings and miscellaneous expenses, and show the amount of money received from parents and the amount of money earned personally by the pupil. The records are being made in co-operation with the thrift and savings campaign of the Savings Division of the Treasury Department.

An important announcement is just made at the University of Chicago with reference to increase in salaries for members of the faculties. The following scale has been adopted by the Board of Trustees Professors, minimum $4,000, maximum $7,000; associate professors, minimum $3,000, maximum $3,600; assistant professors, four years, minimum $2,100, maximum $2,700; instructors, three years, $1,500, $1,600, $1,700; associates, two years, $1,200, $1,300. Within the limits of the foregoing scale, additions have been made to salaries in the teaching staff of the University approximating $100,000.

The "Citizenship Room" at State Suffrage Headquarters, 585 Boylston street, Boston, is crowded to the doors each Saturday morning by the class in practical politics. Discussion is lively, as the women assembled have positive views on parties and principles. In addition to the lesson in actual government given each time by Miss Mary Guyton of the State Board of Education, some live topic is discussed. On a recent Saturday morning, just how Boston is governed was the subject.

The educational trend of our day is indicated by the number of public school teachers enrolled in this course.

EDITOR'S NOTE:

Book Reviews

So many books are sent to this department of EDUCATION that it is impossible to review them all. Naturally we feel under obligation to give preference to the books of those publishing houses which more or less frequently use our advertising pages. Outside of the limitations thus set, we shall usually be able and glad to mention by title, authors publisher and price, such books as are sent to us for this purpose. More elaborate notices will necessarily be conditional upon our convenience and the character of the books thems selves.

THE CAVE TWINS. By Lucy Fitch Perkins. Author. Houghton Mifflin Company

Illustrated by the

This book belongs to a series of historical and geographical readers for the grades. It presents, in a way to appeal to the imagination of the child of fourth grade age, a conception of the world and the life of man as it was in prehistoric times. The father and mother of "the twins," and they themselves, living the cave life, gradually develop primeval ways of subsistence, of resistance to the attacks of wild beasts, and of protection from cold and heat. They discover the secret of fire and learn how to hollow out logs and make them float upon the water and how to propel them so as to extend the range of exploration across unknown waters. All is interestingly told in simple language, which carefully provides a developing vocabulary for children of this grade. The illustrations are excellent in their originality and suggestiveness.

THE LIBERTY READER. By Bernard M. Sheridan, Superintendent of Schools, Lawrence, Mass. Benjamin H. Sanborn & Co.

A second copy of this book has been sent us for review. We noticed it favorably in Education for December, 1918. It is a collection of brief selections from current war literature and events, calculated to give young readers a correct impression of the righteousness of the Allied cause and to promote patriotism,

ATLANTIC PROSE AND POETRY. For Junior High Schools and Upper Grammar Grades. Selected and edited by Charles Swain Thomas, A. M., and H. G. Paul, A. M. The Atlantic Monthly Press. List price $1.00; school rate, 80 cents.

Anything accepted for publication in the Atlantic Monthly is sure to bear the marks of literary correctness. This collection of essays, narratives, poems, etc., is fully up to the standard. It will interest the pupil reader, cultivate correct habits of expression and stimulate clear thinking. In nothing is a good model of more value than the book that is adopted for a High School classroom.

LIBERTY THE GIANT KILLER. By Rebecca Salsbury and William H. Allen. Institute for Public Service, New York City. Cloth, 104 pages, price 65 cents.

This reader is an unusual book in the supplementary reader field, as no other book has attempted to give hero stories from the World War for the young folks in the third and fourth grades. The book is also unusual in that it is illustrated with child-like drawings. The first story, 11-11-11-18, gives the exciting events of the first Armistice Day celebration in a big city. The stories are built around the Jones family, who form a Peace Story Club, with each member of the family telling the story for one of the Allied countries in simple language, bringing out clearly the reasons for that country's entrance into the war, the achievements of its people, and a thrilling deed performed by a hero from that country. Unique titles are given to each of the six stories: The Kingdom That Knew No Fear; They Shall Not Pass; The Esiwinzaacs (initials of countries of the British Empire); The Roof of the World; Lafayette, We Come, and A Just and Lasting Peace. Little folks who missed the parades, speeches and hero tales will love and understand these stories and will be grateful for the opportunity of reading them.

GAMES AND RHYMES. For Language Teaching in the first four grades. By Alhambra G. Deming (Winona, Minn.). Beckley-Cardy Company (Chicago). Price 75 cents.

Wisely conceived and admirably carried out, this little volume will be found valuable in any schoolroom where beginners in language study are forming habits of speech which will stay by them through life. For instance, to get the children into the habit of correctly using "If I were, I should," instead of "If I was, I would," the teacher asks Tom, "Tom, if you were a dog, what should you do?" Tom is led to reply, "If I were a dog, I should bark." The teacher then tells a little girl to act as fairy and touch Tom with a wand and change him into a dog. He then barks and afterward is changed to a boy again. The same game is continued with the rest of the class, naming different animals, until "If I were, I should" has worn a track in the brain tissues of every child, and it is now much easier and natural to say it than to say the common but incorrect "If I was, I would." In a similar way a splendid drill is given on many commonly used expressions-and all the teaching is in the form of an interesting game. We unreservedly commend the method.

PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION. For use in Teacher Training Classes. By William H. Dooley (New York) and

Charles A. Prosser (Washington). Houghton Mifflin Company. Price $1.60.

The Vocational School has come to stay. The World War made plain to educators and the public alike, the inadequacy of the old method of apprenticeship without skilled training in the psychology and theory of the industries. Notwithstanding the fact that here and there the old method produced a few real experts, it was a slow process and wholly unable to develop a sufficient number of skilled workers to fill the demand created by the War. Production depends upon skill. The schools must meet ever-increasing demands for trained foremen and managers. And educators have heard the call. The Smith-Hughes Act provides a very considerable amount of money for teacher-training in agriculture, home economics, trade and industry. This has stimulated the movement in a marked degree and a demand has been created for a full and clear statement of the principles and methods of industrial education. Such a statement is very clearly given in this volume. It will be of inestimable value to every worker in this new educational movement. It will be welcomed and eagerly read by many an ambitious, self-educated workman who knows how to do things while hardly knowing how he came to know how. Most of all it will bring light and help to those who in the newly formed vocational schools throughout the country are set to the task of teaching others how to teach the industrial workers of tomorrow how to master their tasks in the most expeditious and effective

manner.

A NEW SPELLING BOOK. By Georgia Alexander. Longmans, Green & Co. Price 36 cents.

An attractive little book for seventh and eighth grades. It is illustrated. The exercises are accompanied by word analyses. A patriotic atmosphere is deftly worked into the successive sections of the book. The selections are from the best authors. Words that are difficult or representative of special points to be remembered are underscored. This book in the hands of an alert teacher would make the spelling lesson real fun as well as highly educative.

CHILDREN WELL AND HAPPY. By May Bliss Dickinson, R. N. Price 60 cents. Published under the auspices of the Massachusetts State Federation of Women's Clubs, by Le Roy Phillips, 15 Ashburton Place, Boston, Mass.

One can think of a multitude of uses for this little book. In every elementary school, since so few, comparatively, go on to further years of schooling, the instruction given so compactly, comprehensively and

delicately, should be imparted to every girl. It is a crime to withhold it. Not only the individual's interest and happiness is involved, but, equally, society's and the race's well being. The book, and the Girls' Health League, which stands sponsor for it, are approved by Mrs. Samuel W. McCall, who writes the "Foreword," and by Hon. Payson Smith, Massachusetts Commissioner of Education.

COLOMBA. By Prosper Mérimée. Edited, with Introduction, Notes and Vocabulary, by Victor E. François. Drawings by Herbert Deland Williams. Macmillan. Price 60 cents.

"Colomba" was the author's masterpiece. It describes most interestingly the manners and customs and the national characteristics of the Corsicans. Students of the French language will welcome this attractive edition and it will be widely used in the schools and colleges.

VERSE FOR PATRIOTS. To Encourage Good Citizenship. Compiled by Jean Broadhurst, A. M. (Columbia) Ph. D. (Cornell) and Clara Lawton Rhodes, A. M. (Columbia). Seven illustrations from paintings and photographs. J. B. Lippincott Company, publishers.

This splendid volume of poetry offers an ideal aid to the teaching of patriotism in the schools. Thoughtful Americans are awake to the necessity for this effort, and no happier method could be devised than to bring the young mind in contact with the finest verse expressing the spirit moving the world today, and the noblest ideals of the past.

APPLIED ECONOMIC BOTANY. Based upon actual agricultural and gardening projects. By Arthur Thurston Cook, Ph. D. J. B. Lippincott Company. Price $1.60.

An admirable guide to experimental work in the study of plants. Suitable for high schools and agricultural colleges. The illustrations are abundant and excellent. In the hands of a competent teacher it will inspire the pupil with interest and enthusiasm, and train him in habits of self-reliance, close observation and accuracy.

HIDDEN TREASURE. A Story of Modern Farming. By John Thomas Simpson. J. B. Lippincott Company. Net, $1.50.

"Hidden Treasure" tells the story of the reconstruction of an oldfashioned farm, where drudgery and hardship seemed to the farmer and his wife their chief returns for a lifetime of toil, into a prosperous and delightful home. An admirable story for boys. It may determine many a happy and useful career.

PUNISHMENT AND REFORMATION. A Study of the Penitentiary System. By Frederick H. Wines, LL.D. Revised by Winthrop D. Lane.