races of human beings, sympathies which at present have no existence. But this is impossible; our government is pledged not to permit any of its subjects to wander beyond a certain distance from the five ports, to which, by the above mentioned treaty, the trade is confined; and officials are appointed to visit with fine and imprisonment, any one venturous enough to infringe this regulation. To those of our countrymen who thus risk their liberty in attempts to disclose the hidden treasures of this vast empire, our thanks are justly due, and no cone deserves them more than Mr. Fortune. There are few works upon China, among the many which of late years have issued from the press, that have a higher claim to our attention than his unpretending volume; for independent of the restrictions above alluded to, the undertaking of which it gives us the details, -was most hazardous; the risks incurred by it can be scarcely appreciated in this country, where all classes move about without let or hindrance, and where no spy or police officer dogs the traveller for political purposes. In China : matters of this kind are very different. There, the habits as well as the minds of the people are in every sense of the word stationary. Few Chinese, excepting government officials, travel; and the appearance of a strange chair in a village, is in consequence viewed with suspicion. Our author felt the effects of this, but as he was permitted to pass on, although recognized as a foreigner, in spite of his Chinese costume, we may venture to hope he will not be the last Englishman that will visit the Bohea Hills. Already the fruits of his enterprise in another direction have been reaped, with what benefit to the foreign community the following extract from the volume will show. "This route (between Ningpo and Shanghae) which I opened some years ago, is now commonly used by foreigners, travelling between the two Northern Ports; and although not provided for by the "Treaty" is not objected to by the Chinese authorities. The Consuls of different nations, and their families, merebants, and missionaries, all avail themselves of it; and when we consider the number of foreigners in Shanghae, an outlet such as this seems absolutely necessary. All acknowledge the powerful influence of change of air in cases of fever, and I have no doubt that the lives of some have been saved by being able to get down quickly to the Islands in the Chusan Archipelago. But had there been no route vià Chapoo, this would oftentimes have been very difficult, as the only other way is by sea. While I mention this to show the folly of the treaty we made with the Chinese-a treaty, by the by, which is observed neither by the Chinese nor by ourselves it also shows how much may be done by quietly and peaceably breaking down those barriers which have been erected by prejudice and ignorance. pp. 119, 20." With these remarks we most cordially agree, as well as with those at p. 44. and devoutly hope that the day is not very far distant, when we shall be allowed to trade and travel in China as in other countries when all those foolish regulations regarding boundary lines will be swept away Our space warns us to conclude this brief notice of a book which we heartily recommend to the perusal of all our brother officers. STRAY LEAVES FROM AN ARCTIC JOURNAL, or Eighteen Months in the Polar My Regions in search of Sir John Franklin's Expedition, in the years 1650-1. By Lieutenant Sherard Osborn, Commander H. M. steamer THIS is a creditable, work by a distinguished young officer of the present day. It is a simple narrative of facts connected with the government expedition, under Captain Austin and Captain Penny, in which all controversy or allusion to their unhappy differences has been judiciously avoided. It is impossible not to be struck with the good feeling and tone throughout; and the just credit given by Lieutenant Osborn to Captain Penny for his zealous exertions in forwarding the object of the expedition in which he was embarked. Lieutenant Osborn's Journal will well repay the perusal of its "Stray Leaves." They will be found to contain many judicious remarks, many esting anecdotes, told with much naivelé, and many observations on the general features of the Arctic Regions, and on the habits and character of the Esquimaux there located. inter The following extract will convey a good idea of the author's free and easy style. "Fancy the lower deck and cabins of a ship lighted entirely by candles and oil lamps; every aperture by which external air could enter, unless under control, carefully secured, and all doors doubled, to prevent draughts, It is breakfast time, and reeking hot cocoa from every mess table is sending up a dense apour, which in addition to the breath of so many souls, fills the space between decks with mist and fog. Should you go on deck (and remember you go from 50° above zero to 40° degrees below it, in eight short steps) a column of smoke will be seen rising through certain apertures called ventilators, whilst others are supplying a current of pure air. Breakfast done-and, from the jokes and merriment, it has been a good one-there is a general pulling on of warm clothing, and the major part of the officers and men go on deck. A few remain, to clean and clear up, arrange for the dinner, and remove any damp or ice that may have formed in holes or corners during the sleeping hours. This done, a muster of all hands, called divisions, took place. Officers inspected the men, and every part of the ship, to see that both were clean, and then they dispersed to their several duties, which at this severe season were very light; indeed confined mainly to supply the cook with snow to melt for water, keeping the fire-hole in the floe open, and sweeping the decks. Knots of two or three would, if there was not a strong gale blowing, be seen taking exercise at a distance from the vessels; and others, strolling under the lee, discussed the past and prophesied as to the future, At noon, soups, preserved meats, or salt horse, formed the seamen's dinner, with, the addition of preserved, pota toes, a treat which the gallant fellows duly appreciated. The officers dined somewhat later-2 p.m. A little afternoon exercise was then taken, and the evening meal, of tea, next partaken of. If it was school night, the voluntary! pupils went to their tasks, the masters to their posts; reading men producing their books, writing men their desks, artists painted by candle-light, and cards, chess, or drafts, combined with conversation, and an evening's glass of grog, and a cigar or a pipe, served to bring round bed-time again. PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS of the Necessity for Ascertaining the Devia tion of the Compass-with explanatory diagrams, &c. By Captain) E. J. Johnson, Ř. N., F.R. S. Potter, Poultry. 2 vols. THE "Deviation of the Compass, as we have recently observed, is forcing itself into notice, thanks to the iron, vessels and iron machinery, &c. We have here some practical illustrations of its effects in Her Majesty's ships. These although they may not be so troublesome as those of the Keera, mentioned in our last number, or, those of the Thomas Hamlin in our present one, are indeed bad enough. But the subject is in good hands as far as concerns ours men of war; they are well looked after by Captain Johnson. And we recom mend our iron ship-owners to do the same. If they are not contented with thefearful accounts of compass misbehaviour to which we have just alluded, they will find more proof in Captain Johnson's book, that the sooner they take the subject in hand the better, and oblige their officers to make a proper allowance for it if they expect to make good passages, or to save them from wrecks SANDWICH ISLANDS.-It appears there was a great excitement in Honolulu, caused by a report that the part of the garrison of the Chilian colony in the Straits of Magellan which murdered their officers, were cruising in the Pacific as pirates in the American vessels which they had seized and plundered. The following letter was accordingly addressed to Capt. Gardner, of the Vandalia :DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN RELATIONS. Honolulu, 27th March, 1852. Y SIR,Under a sense of duty to the safety of American and other property now afloat in the harbour, I respectfully request your attention to an extra of The Polynesian, which will be this morning, showing that part of the garrison of the Chilian colony in the Straits of Magellan, after murdering their officers, and a clergyman, are now cruising as pirates in the Pacific, on board of two American vessels which they had seized and plundered. After considering the warning kindly given by the Government of Chili, it will be for you to decide whether or not you will leave this harbour before the arrival of the U.S. ship St. Mary's. With the highest respect and consideration, I have the honour to be, Jo di Vater Base ad iliw doug, to your most obedient, humble servant, To Capt. W. H. Gardner, (Signed). R. C. WYLLIE, U.S. Vandalia, in the port of Honolulu. Captain Gardner replied that he would remain until the St. Mary's arrived, and in the mean time Lieutenant Reed Reed of the Vandalia, drilled the troops to the garrison. In return, the government remitted all port dues of every kind, thanked Captain Gardner by resolution, and presented him with 200 dollars to be distributed among the crew. The money was respectfully d declined, because it could not legally be accepted, and the government gave, it American Seamen's Friend Society. to the DEXPERIMENTS WITH ANCHORS.-The necessary preparations for the trial of anchors are now completed in the parade ground of the dockyard. Up to the present time nine anchors have already arrived to undergo the various tests determined on by the Committee of Management. Mr. Honibal, the purchaser of Porter's patenty has sent one; Lieutenant Rogers, two, manufactured by Brown and Lennox; Mr. Trotman, of London, one, manufactured at Liverpooly Messrs. W. Mitcheson and Sons, of Limehouse Hole, and Messrs. Orgood and Field, of Lime-street, City, London, each one; Mr. Isaacs, of America, one, manufactured at Liverpool; J. Aylen, Esq., Master Attendant, one, invented by and manufactured under his immediate inspection. With these will be tried the Admiralty anchor. The following officers and gentlemen comprise the committee Captain the Hon. Montagu Stopford, of the Waterloo';' Captain C. Hope, Superintendent of the Dock Yard; J. Tonkin, Esq., master of the Waterloo; J. Aylen, Esq., Master Attendant; Messrs. Marshall, Dunbar and Lindsay, shipowners; Mr. W. Phillips, and Mr. W. Drew, ༈ 2.1 WEST HARTLEPOOL The 1st of June, was made glorious" at West Hartlepool, by the public inauguration of the extensive New Dock at this rapidly-" increasing port, near the south-eastern extremsiy of the county of Durham. No port in the kingdom, we believe, has advanced so rapidly as West Hartlepool; and it owes its unprecedented progress in an eminent degree to the spirit, enterprise, aud perseverance of R. W. Jackson, Esq., the respected and able chairman of the Dock and Harbour Company, and of the Stockton and Hartlepool RailwayCompany. The harbour and dock accommodation at West Hartlepool now amounts to 66 acres; and such is the prospect of increased traffic to and from the port, that it is in contemplation to even make more new docks, and to effect other improvements that may make the Bay of Hartlepool a complete harbour of refuge on the north-east coast. Quoting from a public an nouncement before us, we may add "a most direct and convenient line of railway communication is completed by the Leeds Northern Railway between the West Harbour and Docks and Leeds, and Leeds, Bradford, Huddersfield, Manchester, and all the manufacturing towns of the West Riding of Yorkshire and South Lancashire-making the distance to Leeds 72 miles from the West Harbour and Docks, which are situated on the open sea, and have no river navigation. Powerful steam-boats for passengers, merchandise, and cattle, in communication, with Leeds, Manchester, and the manufacturing districts of England, will sail weekly each way between West Hartlepool and Hamburgh Rotterdam, Antwerp, and Scotland. 17 Th. 18 F. 19 S. 20 Su. 29.52 29.56 29.56 29 62 29 -68 29.86 29 82 57 43 57 N NE NE METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER. Kept at Croom's Hill, Greenwich, by Mr. Rogerson, of the Royal Observatory. From the 21st of May to the 20th of June, 1852. Month Day. Week Day. Barometer. 9 A.M. 8 P.M. In. Dec. In.Dec. 9 A.M. 8 P.M. Min. Max. N NE NE May, 1852.-Mean height of the barometer = 29.938 inches; mean temperature = 51-9 degrees; dept of rain fallen = 1.86 inches. TO CORRESPONDENTS. We have received MR. TAYLOR'S communication on the latitude by two stars, a subject which we believe wastreated on by Commander Shadwell, now in the Sphynx, long ago, and noticed in a former volume of this work. We have also received CAPT. SEDGWICK's letter, but too late for noticing in our present number. 8 qbc bcp (2 or (2) be or (1) (2) qbe bcp (3) be bcp (4 be or (3) (4) odf og (3) (4) or (3) or 4) or 4) bcp qbctp bcp 2) bcp (8) bcd 2) S 4 SW S 8 5 bc bcp (1) 1 4 VOYAGE OF H.M.S. "CALYPSO," CAPTAIN WORTH, TO THE PACIFIC. " [Captain HENRY J. WORTH, entered the Navy, 22nd January, 1813, as First Class Volunteer on board the Bulwark, 74, commanded by his father, as Flag Captain to Rear Admiral Philip Chas. Durham, off Rochefort. Towards the close of the same year he sailed with those Officers for the West Indies, as Midshipman in the Venerable, 74. During the passage he was afforded an opportunity of assisting at the capture, 16th and 20th January, 1814, with but trifling loss to the British, of the French 40-gun frigates Iphigénie and Alcmène. He returned to England with Captain Worth in 1814, in the Palma, 38; and was employed next, in the Channel, on the coast of Ireland, and in the East Indies, in the Impregnable, 104, Captain Jas. Nash, Spencer, 74, Captain Wm. Broughton, Erne, 20, Captain Timothy Scriven, Windsor Castle, 74, Captains Thos. Gordon Caulfield and Sir Chas. Dashwood, Liffey, 50, Commodore Chas. Grant, and Asia, 84, Captain Mark John Currie. On the paying off of the Asia, in which ship, and the Liffey, he had been acting as Lieutenant, he was presented with a commission, bearing date 20th August, 1824. succeeding appointments were-18th January, 1825, to the Genoa, 74, Captains Wm. Cumberland and Walter Bathurst, employed in the Channel and on the coast of Portugal; 20th December, 1827 (a few weeks after he had left the Genoa), again to the Windsor Castle, Captain Edward Durnford King, lying at Plymouth; 1st November, NO. 8.-VOL. XXI. 3 F |