In

Germany has become distinctly favorable during the last three decades, thus, for example, the rate of mortality due to tuberculosis in Prussia has been reduced to practically one-half. This is equiv alent to a gain of about thirty thousand lives per annum in Germany. What has the International Typographical Union done to reduce mortality from tuberculosis? It was my pleasure to be an active member of the Sixth International Congress on Tuberculosis which was in session September 28, 1908, to October 5, 1908, at Washington, D. C. The display and educational exhibit of the Union Printers Home of Colorado Springs, Colo., under the personal charge of Superintendent Deacon, attracted marked attention. Among the collection of exhibits none received greater praise. The tuberculosis tent colony at Colorado Springs ranks with the foremost in the world. Their steam-heated and specially ventilated tent was not surpassed. Competition II, a prize of $1,000 was offered for the best exhibit of an existing sanatorium for the treatment of curable cases of tuberculosis among the working classes. The exhibit of the Union Printers Home received honorable mention. When you consider that in this class only twelve awards were granted in a world-wide competition, you can realize where your sanatorium stands-in the foremost ranks. The Home tent was considered one of the very best, and the National Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis is now exhibiting the tent in the various cities of the country in connection with the traveling exhibit of the national association. Union printers should be proud of the splendid work they have done in helping to stamp out this great white plague. An exhibit has been stationed at the Alaska-Yukon Exposition similar to the one last year in Washington. You may say "Of what use is this display?" Suppose we compute the lives lost by tuberculosis in the equivalent in coin, as was done by Dr. C. L. A. Reed, of Cincinnati, in his paper before the International Congress? A man's life is his capital. What he earns is the interest on his capital. Most states make 6 per cent a legal rate of interest, but make it 5 per cent, both for conservatism and easy counting, then compute a man's wage say at $1.25 a day for three hundred days in the year as 5 per cent of his capital. Then estimate on that basis the value of 160,000 lives and the value of the time of 800,000 persons for one year, and you be gin to grasp the colossal money phase of this question, viewed in its strictly economic aspects. course, many are non-producers and many do not work three hundred days a year, but it is likewise true that many, very many, of these victims have an earning capacity of running high up into thousands of dollars, so it is probable that our units of computation are not far out of the way. But still, to be conservative, divide the aggregate loss then arrived at by two and again by two and you will have enough left which, if conveyed into the national treasury, would defray the running expenses of the army and navy, build the Panama Canal, and pay the national debt long before outstanding obligations matured.

Of

If 200,000 of our people were menaced by the

guns of a foreign enemy, whose bullets are not half so deadly as the germs of tuberculosis, what would our government do? The printers' union is protecting its men by giving them a chance to recover when they are taken down. The members are going farther-they are delving into the places of work, environment, etc., to prevent the plague from disseminating their ranks. Yea, they are going still farther and teaching mankind how to avoid this great white plague. I congratulate your union on your work for the benefit of mankind.

I can not do better than give some advice to the well, and quote from Dr. Wescott's paper before the congress. "Dust, dirt, dampness and darkness are the friends of tuberculosis. Sunshine, fresh air, soap and water are its enemies. Improper liv. ing, bad habits and loss of sleep make you a favorable subject for infection. Do not spend your money for beer or other liquors. They have no nutriment value and are more or less harmful to the tissues of the body. Spend your money for simple, well-cooked food, good, fresh meat, eggs, oat meal, rice and other vegetables and for bread and butter, fruit and milk. Do not live in houses or rooms previously occupied by a consumptive, until they have been disinfected. Keep your windows open day and night; live out doors as much as possible. Fill the lungs with pure air, breathe through the nostrils, and not through the mouth. Do not clutter up the house or your room with useless bric-à-brac, heavy hangings or useless upholstered furniture. They are all dust catchers, and dust is germ laden. Whitewashed or painted walls are preferable to those covered with wall paper. Rugs that can be taken up and cleaned outside of the house are preferable to dust-catching carpets. Damp cloths and mops should be used instead of dusters and brooms.

Pure air, clean living and good food which cure consumption are even more effective in warding it off.

The speech of President Lynch covered briefly the history of the International Typographical Union, its aims and policies. Especial attention was given to our part in the great anti-tuberculosis campaign, and to the Union Printers Home. A complimentary dinner at Casa Verdugo was given President Lynch by Los Angeles friends. In San Francisco, President Lynch was given a complimentary dinner by President Tracy and about fifty members of No. 21. Oakland Typographical Union gave President Lynch a banquet on the evening of Sunday, October 17. This affair was attended by the employers and a large number of the members of No. 36.

WHILE working in the interests of your own union label, remember the other fellow's.

Arbitration Matters.

The National Board of Arbitration met at the headquarters of the International Typographical Union, September 29, and remained in session for two days. The following is a summary of the proceedings:

WEDNESDAY.

The American Newspaper Publishers' Association was represented by Commissioner H. N. Kellogg, of Chicago, Ill.; Bruce Halderman, of Louisville, Ky., and Charles H. Taylor, jr., of Boston, Mass.

The International Typographical Union was represented by President James M. Lynch, Second Vice-President Hugo Miller and Secretary-Treasurer J. W. Hays, all of Indianapolis, Ind.

The board met at 10 A. M. the first day, with Commissioner Kellogg in the chair.

The first case to come before the board was from Wichita, Kan., and it was taken up and discussed at some length. At 12:30 o'clock the board adjourned to 2 o'clock.

AFTERNOON SESSION.

The board met at 2 P. M., as per adjournment, with the same members present as were in attendance at the morning session.

Consideration of the Wichita case was resumed, but before its completion the board took up consideration of the case from Terre Haute, a representative of the publishers and two representatives of the union appearing before the board. After hearing the statements from these representatives, the board rendered the following decision:

Terre Haute Typographical Union No. 76 vs. Terre Haute Tribune.

On a hearing, attended by representatives of the parties at issue, it was clearly demonstrated that at the time the manager of the Terre Haute Tribune signed his contract with the local typographical union he was, on request, given a copy of the local book of laws, and this book of laws (1904) did not contain the section in dispute, towit:

Section 1. A substitute working for any regular, or substitute, shall receive the maximum wages paid such regular, or substitute. The foregoing was adopted at a special meeting of Terre Haute Typographical Union No. 76, held on July 15, 1906, and was later included in a new edition of the book of laws; but, as has been pointed out, was not a part of the book of lawsthe only edition then in print-given Manager Carver at the time he signed his local contract and to which he agreed. Neither was the section in dispute made a part of the local scale or contract which Manager Carver signed.

It is the decision of the National Board of Arbitration that the section in dispute does not apply to the Terre Haute Tribune composing room, inasmuch as it was not made a part of the local contract, or scale, signed by the manager of the Tribune, nor was it a part of the book of laws handed to the manager of the Tribune and referred to in section 15 of the Tribune contract. The board then took up consideration of the two cases from Denver, one known as the Pferdesteller case and one as the Frazier case, and

The board reconvened at 8 P. M., with all members present, and resumed consideration of the Denver cases, arriving at the following decision: Denver Typographical Union vs. Denver NewsTimes.

It is the decision of the board that Pferdesteller is entitled to $76.26, this amount representing the actual monetary loss of Pferdesteller following his discharge from the News-Times office, the amount of time he lost by reason of that discharge.

In the Frazier case the board decides that Frazier be paid $68, this sum being an arbitrary figure, no attempt being made to arrive at a fixed sum for the period he was out, owing to the impossibility of ascertaining the amount of time he might have been employed had he been retained, and the board distinctly disavowing any intention of establishing a precedent as to the payment of money to substitutes who may be involved in similar cases.

The board then took up consideration of the case submitted by Albany Typographical Union No. 4 vs. the Albany Press-Knickerbocker-Express, and discussion on this case was continued to 12 M., when adjournment was taken to 10:30 A. M., September 30.

P.

THURSDAY.

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The National Arbitration Board met at 10:30 A. M., as per adjournment, with all members present. Consideration of the Albany case was sumed and the following decision rendered: Albany Typographical Union No. 4 vs. Albany Press-Knickerbocker-Express.

It is the decision of the National Board of Arbitration that its previous decision in the case of Albany Typographical Union No. 4 vs. the Albany Argus shall apply in the present dispute, so far as that decision relates to a machine tender for a plant of four or more machines.

It is also the decision of the National Board of Arbitration that the Press-Knickerbocker-Express must comply with International Typographical Union law governing the employment of union proofreaders; that is, a union proofreader must be employed.

The board then took up consideration of the case between Winnipeg Typographical Union No. 191 and the Winnipeg Telegram, and after some discussion thereon the following decision was rendered:

Winnipeg Typographical Union No. 191 vs. Winnipeg Telegram.

It is the decision of the National Board of Arbitration that under the custom and precedent estab lished, and under the stipulation made at the time the last scale was negotiated that previous conditions should continue, the Telegram is required to employ a machinist for its night shift when four or more machines are in operation.

The board then adjourned to meet at 2 P. M.

AFTERNOON SESSION.

The board met at 2 P. M., as per adjournment, all members present, and again took up consideration of the Wichita case. The papers in this case were very voluminous and the testimony submitted was to a great extent contradictory, and for this reason the board was unable to arrive at

a decision and remanded the case to the interested parties in Wichita, with instructions that unless a settlement were made previous to the next meeting of the arbitration board it would be necessary for the parties in interest to appear before the board and submit such evidence as might be required.

The board having completed all business before it, adjourned.

National or International Labor Or

ganizations.

A plea to the workingmen of the Dominion of Canada for international organization is made by the Queen's University Quarterly, published at Kingston, Ontario, and is very opportune just now, when the so-called "national movement" is receiving some attention in the public prints. The editorial, in part, follows:

In certain interested quarters the interference of American agitators, so called, in Canadian labor disputes is much deplored or denounced, according to whether the critic be of the Flavius or Marullus type-hypocritical or irascible. These protests come from three main sources. Capital itself, the most international thing in the world, is very fond of advising labor to be patriotic and national, and of declaring sometimes more in sorrow than in anger that there would be no labor disputes if mischievous and meddlesome agitators from the other side of the line did not stir up strife between masters and men. Government officials are, from the nature of the case, patriotic. Their position requires them to be so. What politician or official would not oppose, for example, annexation to the United States if for no other reason than that his importance would be less in the larger whole? Politicians and officials, of course, favor national labor organizations as a less uncertain, more easily controlled factor in politics. Local labor leaders, again, similarly fear extinction in the larger international organization, and, in losing influence, would fear to lose also the chance of a good government position which in so many cases has been the reward of delivering the labor vote or a goodly portion of it. So, while the Dominion Trades and Labor Congress, in a certain sense an international organization, met at Quebec and passed resolutions against war and navy building, the Canadian Federation of Labor, which, as far as its leaders are concerned, looks very like a liberal political organization, met at Ottawa, willingly came under the influence of the federal officials, exchanged bouquets with Mackenzie King and the labor department, and approved of the government's policy, even to that of saddling the country with an unnecessary navy, especially if the work be done in Canada.

Now, the workingmen of Canada will be very unwise if they allow either the self-interested

patriotism of their employers and others, the political necessities of the party in power, or the selfishness of their Own leaders to intimidate them or persuade them to go in for national rather than international associations. What is right for capital can not be wrong for labor. Not only are all great Canadian enterprises financed largely by American capital, but the masters themselves belong to the American National Manufacturers' Association, the object of which is to help one another in their fight with their men. There is a prominent member of that association right here in Kingston.. Canadian workingmen are not strong enough in any trade to force a fight to a finish without the support of their fellows on the other side of the line. The very different issues of two great strikes this summer, the strike of the Pressed Steel Car Company's employes at McKee's Rocks, Pa., and the miners' strike at Glace Bay, Cape Breton, point the moral. The employers were equally obstinate, arrogant and provocative. The McKee's Rocks strikers were almost more riotous and violent than those at Glace Bay, and yet the McKee's Rocks strikers have just won a complete and notable victory on every point in dispute, while the Glace Bay strike drags on to what everyone now foresees to be the ignominious defeat of the strikers. The difference in outcome is the difference between unity and division. There was, and is, in Nova Scotia a Provincial Mine Workers' Association which had had much trouble with the company, but never found itself strong enough to compel redress. A branch of the United Mine Workers of America was formed, with the approval at first of a majority of the men. Certain leaders in the provincial association, for reasons already suggested above, refused to join and dissuaded others from doing so. The company encouraged the disunion, and hence the result. The international association of labor is needed for labor's own protection and is quite as legitimate as the international association of capital for similar purposes. ther, international labor associations make for better feeling between Canada and the United States, and thus tends, as a comparison of the resolutions carried at Quebec and Ottawa will show, to put a wholesome check on jingoism.

Fur

Trade Unions' Health Conference.

At the state labor and health conference, held in Troy, N. Y., on September 22 and 23, a number of interesting speeches were delivered by representative trade unionists on the tuberculosis problem. Among the speakers was John L. Cahill, chairman of the health committee of Typographical Union No. 6, taking for his subject, "Tuberculosis in the Printing Trades." Daniel Harris, president of the Workingmen's State Federation, presided. At the second session the principal speaker was

John Williams, state commissioner of labor of New York, himself an active trade unionist, who spoke enthusiastically of the vigorous support that had been given his department by the state unions in the enforcement of labor laws. Mr. Williams' topic was "Factory Laws, Past and Present," and was a scholarly exposition of the subject. In the course of his remarks Mr. Williams praised the work of the International Typographical Union in the establishment and conduct of the Home at Colorado Springs, and its campaign against the white plague. The remarks of Mr. Cahill, who was Typographical Union No. 6's official delegate to the conference, were, in part, as follows:

Our health committee, with the invaluable assistance of the state labor commissioner, has taken up this question of shop sanitation intensively. We are glad to say that in the 200 union composing rooms in the five boroughs of the city of New York in which the members of our organization are employed, conditions have improved considerably, besides instilling in our membership a desire for fresh air, cleanly surroundings, more hygienic homes and an interest in the general subject of preventing tuberculosis. The subject of lessening mortality from the disease is now matter of serious consideration by our officials, and a lively discussion is carried on in our trade organs.

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The typesetting machine, with its resultant pollution of the air by the combustion of molten metal, has been the largest factor in making the printing office dangerous to the workers in our craft.

The compositor is compelled to remain in an unnatural position under great nervous and physical tension for hours at a time, with a quantity of hot lead in the closest proximity to him. At the last convention of the International Typographical Union it was suggested by the International president that local unions make a higher scale of wages for notoriously unhealthful shops.

THE Cadogan-Hatcher Manufacturing Company, operating a large printing and bookbinding plant at Quincy, Ill., was taken possession of by the sheriff on October 25. This concern refused to grant the eighthour day to its printers, and at the time of the strike for the shorter workday the management made the boast that it would "bust" Quincy Typographical Union. This item is printed merely for the moral effect it will have on others outside the union fold.

Real Printers in Stageland.

What is claimed to be the best picture of a newspaper composing room ever seen on the stage is depicted in one act of "The Fourth Estate," a play written by Joseph Medill Patterson and Harriet Ford, which is now being produced in New York. The composing room scene has real typesetting machines and real union printers-members of Typographical Union No. 6-and they covered themselves with all kinds of glory, if the Gotham critics are to be taken at their word.

In the last act a linotype machinist and four operators, together with editors, foremen, makeups and others, are hard at work, turning out hot linotype slugs on the Mergenthaler machines. Over the steam table a member of the stereotypers' union pounds his matrices, and the intense moments before the last edition goes to press are said to be realistically portrayed.

According to a New York paper, the stage manager was "greatly perturbed" when rehearsals began, and all on account of his printing force. We do not vouch for the story, but here it is:

Local color in any play is a good thing. Otherwise why have local color?

But at $31 per, multiplied by ten, it isn't such a good thing-at least so far as the box office is concerned.

All of which appertains to and touches on a feature of the production of "The Fourth Estate," which, while greatly enjoyed by the numerous people who go there nightly to witness the most realistic newspaper play yet produced, is not so keenly enjoyed by the owners of the play.

When the Messrs. Liebler & Co. set about selecting a cast for the production of "The Fourth Estate" the question of supers for the big composingroom scene gave them little concern. Supers since time long forgotten could be had for 50 cents a night, and good supers at that.

It is quite true that supers can be had to carry any kind of stage property, from empty steins to battle-scarred flags, but supers to run typesetting machines and to perspire to order over stereotyping steam tables proved to be a trifle different.

"Big Six," which to the initiated public means the printers' union, would be only too glad to furnish ten men to appear in the composing room

scene.

Rehearsal call the following morning found ten union printers, all in good standing, waiting outside the stage entrance at Wallack's.

"First call for composing room scene!" an

nounced Ford in a businesslike manner. Stage hands promptly put typesetting machines in place.

Some experienced super had told the ten men that regular super wages were 50 cents a night, which rate, as any good union man will tell you, is far and away below union rates.

"All ready, if you please, gentlemen," called Ford, who is not used to having unnecessary stage waits when he starts a rehearsal.

The

But the ten men were not quite ready. important matter of wages had yet to be settled. "Wages, wages," said Ford as Mulherne, who a moment before had been elected chairman of the chapel of "The Morning Advance"-the paper in the play-presented the demands of the men. "Why, regular super wages are 50 cents a night."

A second later when he turned round he saw the ten men calmly putting on their coats and preparing to walk out.

"Here, where you fellows going?" shouted Ford. "Sorry, Mr. Ford," said Mulherne, "but we can't work for less than union wages.

"All right," said Ford, "union wages you get. What are they, anyway?"

"Thirty-one dollars a week," said Mulherne. And $31 a week these expensive "supers" get.

If other managers are to follow the example, good or bad, depending on the point of view, of Messrs. Liebler & Co., supers will soon be commanding wages that run neck and neck with the salary of the president of the United States.

Thirty-one dollars a week for fifteen minutes' work each night and two matinees is a little over 25 cents a minute.

Likewise it is considerably over $120 a day, nearly $800 a week and close to $45,000 a year. Which all goes to show that realism in the drama comes high.

The New York Morning Telegraph, in its issue of October 21, contained a critical description of the play, written by A. Angyalfi, a member of the chapel of that paper. The article is an excellent word painting and reflects great credit on the author.

Training the Apprentice.

One of the chief objects now engaging the attention of our members is the proper training of the apprentice. Practically all the large unions in the International jurisdiction now have committees on technical education, whose duty it is to keep the question of trade education before the members and apprentices. At the sessions of the Printers' League of America, held in New York the latter part of September, the education of the apprentice received more attention at the hands of this body of employers than has heretofore been the

fashion of such gatherings. One of the discourses on this subject was by William H. Van Wart, of New York, secretary of the new national organization of the league. The address, under the caption, "The League and the Apprenticeship Question; Abuses and Remedies; Making the Apprentice a Good Mechanic," in part, was as follows:

In the three years that the Printers' League has been in existence in New York it has directed its attention mainly to the outbreaking manifestations of the disorders and diseases from which the body typographic is suffering. That is, the bad blood which shows itself in disagreements, strikes and lockouts has been handled by firmness and coolness, and the sluggishness shown by incompetence, indifference and restriction of output on the part of some of the men and ignorance of fundamental business principles on the part of some of the employers has been first recognized, is now being agitated and will probably in time be expelled.

When we come to the question of apprentices, however, we hark back to the cause and beginning of the conditions as they now exist, and let us hope with the earnest desire to begin aright and to create anew. We want a race of printers of better blood and higher spirit. We can not transmit qualities that we do not possess, therefore, let us not be too hard on the men, and especially the young men, in our employ today, nor bewail the lack of competent help in our establishments. As I have said on a former occasion, let us honestly ask ourselves if the trouble is not largely with us. A student of heredity has said, "If you would improve a man, begin with his grandfather." If we would improve the new generation of workmen, let us begin with ourselves.

Recognizing these facts in part, the league has made some progress in improving the condition of the apprentice. It has, by its agreements with the unions, made it easier for feeders to become pressmen. It has a committee to act with a committee from Typographical Union No. 6 to formulate apprenticeship laws. It has submitted for consideration and approval of the printing trade at large, and the national league when formed, a very complete sketch of the methods in use in Germany, which have been found so very successful. The Germans have tried out the principles involved, and if we are wise we will profit by their experience and follow their plans.

A great many copies of our first pamphlet, written by Henry W. Cherouny, one of the founders of the league in this country, have been sent throughout the United States. I am afraid that they have been read more carefully by our workmen than by ourselves-and evidence that the plans set forth therein have already begun to take hold of us in America is found in the fact that at the last national conventions of the compositors and the pressmen they gave much attention to the subject of increased efficiency of their members, and particularly to securing for apprentices an