end, and is marked by a whistle buoy and a can buoy (both horizontally striped); the whistle buoy is 1/4 mile eastward of the shoal. Ordinarily there are strong tide rips near the shoal.

Plum Island, Gardiners Island, and the passage southward of the latter are described with Gardiners Bay. Shoals extend about 14 miles off the eastern side of Gardiners Island to the 6-fathom (11 m) curve, and inside this depth the bottom is generally rocky and irregular, with indications of bowlders.

Fort Pond Bay is a semi-circular bay about 1 mile wide on the north side of Long Island, 51/2 miles westward of Montauk Point. A mid-channel lighted bell buoy marks the entrance. The bay is free from dangers, but flats with 8 to 12 feet (2.4 to 3.7 m) over them make out 1/4 mile from its eastern shore. The bay affords anchorage for vessels in 7 to 8 fathoms (13 to 15 m), soft bottom, but is exposed to northerly and northwesterly winds; the shoaling is abrupt on its east and south sides. The flats at the southeast corner of the bay are generally occupied as an anchorage by launches and other small craft during the summer. Montauk, a summer resort at the southeast end of the bay, is the terminus of the Long Island Railroad. The railroad pier at Montauk has a depth of 28 feet (8.5 m) at its end and 20 feet (6.1 m) about 200 feet westward on the line of its face; the shoaling is abrupt. The northerly wharf at Montauk has a depth of about 13 feet (4 m) at its end. The smaller wharves have depths of from 5 to 10 feet (1.5 to 3 m) at their ends. Gasoline, fresh water, and provisions can be obtained at Montauk. There is a steamer connection with New London during the summer.

Great Pond.-There is an extensive yacht club development on the island just within the entrance. the entrance. A causeway connects it to Long Island proper. It is reported that there are depths of 11 feet (3.3 m) in the anchorage just off the yacht club. The eastern shore of the island is bulkheaded. Montauk Manor lies on the hill between Fort Pond Bay and Great Pond.

A jettied channel connecting the northern part of Great Pond with Block Island Sound has been dredged by private interests. There is a light, maintained by private interests on the end of each jetty. The approach is marked by a black bell buoy off the jettied

entrance.

Broken ground with rocky bottom and bowlders extends 2 miles northward and 32 miles northwestward of Shagwong Reef. It has been examined by means of a wire drag and the dangers are shown on the chart. The principal danger outside Shagwong Reef lighted bell buoy is a shoal with a depth of 30 feet (9.1 m) 134 miles northwestward of the buoy. An obstruction with 10 feet (3 m) over it has been reported as lying 600 yards 228° true from Shagwong Reef. Vessels should avoid this broken ground.

Fish pounds.-Regulations prescribed by the Secretary of War require that an opening for small craft shall be placed about 400 feet offshore in all pounds between Culloden and Shagwong Points, and in those pounds placed off Rocky Point on the west side of Fort Pond Bay. On the offshore side of these openings signboards 3 feet long and 1 foot wide shall be placed at an elevation of 8 feet above high water. They shall be painted black and shall bear the following notice: "Opening for small boats." This notice shall be painted

in white letters 4 inches high and underneath a white arrow indicating position of opening shall be placed.

Montauk Point Lighthouse is a white tower with a brown band midway of its height, and is connected by a covered way to a white dwelling. The light is flashing white (flash 0.5 second, eclipse 9.5 seconds), 168 feet (51 m) above the water, and visible 19 miles; a fixed red range lens, on the gallery railing of the tower, covers Shagwong Reef, and is visible only between the bearings 129° true (SE. 5% S. mag.) and 141° true (SSE. 14 E. mag.) from seaward. The fog signal is a siren, blast 3 seconds, silent intervals 3 and 31 seconds.

Montauk Point, the easterly extremity of Long Island, is a high sandy bluff, on the summit of which is the lighthouse. The land is grass-covered and has a greatest elevation of 165 feet (50 m) at Prospect Hill, 2 miles westward of the point. The south side of the point is bold, the 10-fathom (18 m) curve lying about 1/2 mile from shore; depths of 4 fathoms (7.3 m) and less extend 8 mile off the northeast side of the point.

Surrounding Montauk Point to a distance of about 4 miles is an area which includes Montauk Shoal, Great Eastern Rock, Phelps Ledge, and Endeavor Shoals. This area has been closely developed, but the bottom is very broken and extra caution should be observed where the depths are less than about 10 feet (3 m) greater than the draft. In general, the shoals are a series of long, narrow ridges, in places only a few yards wide, and their positions are clearly indicated by the rips over them at the strength of the tidal currents. By giving Montauk Point a berth of over 1 mile and avoiding Great Eastern Rock and the shoalest part of Endeavor Shoals, the dangers eastward and northeastward of Montauk Point would not in smooth weather interfere with vessels of 20 feet (6.1 m) or less draft. From longitude 71° 46.5′ W. (334 miles eastward of Montauk Point Lighthouse) to within 12 mile of Block Island, the area with depths less than 10 fathoms (18 m) has been examined by means of a wire drag, and the least depths are shown on the chart.

Montauk Shoal, with depths of 5 to 6 fathoms (9 to 11 m), lies between 2 and 3 miles southward and south-southeastward of Montauk Point Lighthouse. The shoal is 111⁄2 miles long in a west-northwest direction. It has been examined by means of a wire drag, and the least depth found is 5 fathoms (9.1 m). The shoaling is abrupt from 11 fathoms (20 m) on the south side of the shoal. Detached shoals, on which the least depth found is 512 fathoms (10 m) lie about 12 miles south-southeastward of Montauk Point. A lighted whistle buoy is moored 14 miles east-southeastward of Montauk Shoal.

Great Eastern Rock, as shown by a careful examination, has a least depth of 32 fathoms (6.4 m) and lies a little over 111⁄2 miles 74° true (E. 14 N. mag.) from Montauk Point Lighthouse. The rock is marked by a black buoy. Phelps Ledge has a least found depth of 414 fathoms (7.7 m).

The least depths found on Endeavor Shoals are 32 to 4 fathoms (6.4 to 7.3 m) on a narrow ridge about 3 mile long, which lies 214 miles 28° true (NE. % N. mag.) from Montauk Point Lighthouse.

Southwest Ledge lies 311⁄2 miles west-southwestward of the southwest end of Block Island, and has a least depth of 25 feet (7.6 m). It is marked at its southwest end by a spar buoy and a bell buoy (both horizontally striped). Rocky patches, with least depths of 42 and 434 fathoms (8.2 and 8.7 m) extend 111⁄2 miles northeastward from Southwest Ledge. The sea breaks on the shoaler places in heavy weather. Between the inner patch and the shoals which extend % mile from Block Island, there is a channel 114 miles wide, with a depth of about 6 fathoms (11 m). This channel is marked by a perpendicularly striped whistle buoy. The deepest passage in this entrance to Block Island Sound is just westward of Southwest Ledge, and has a width of 2 miles.

Block Island is 5 miles long, hilly, with elevations up to 211 feet (64 m), and is bare of trees. The shore of the island is fringed in most places by bowlders, and should be given a berth of over 1/4 mile even by small craft; the shoaling is generally abrupt in approaching the island.

Block Island Southeast Lighthouse is a red brick, octagonal, pyramidal tower, attached to dwelling. The light is flashing green, 201 feet (61 m) above the water, and visible 21 miles. The fog signal is a siren, blast 4 seconds, silent 30 seconds. Near the lighthouse are a radio station and a seacoast telegraph station, with which vessels may communicate by the use of the International Code Signals.

A horizontally striped lighted bell buoy, 5 miles 173° true (S. 5% W. mag.) from Block Island Southeast Lighthouse marks the wreck of a steamer. Two masts of the wreck show about 15 feet (4.6 m) above the water. The buoy is in 96 feet (29.3 m) of water, about 250 feet south by west of the wreck.

Block Island North Lighthouse is a brown tower on gray granite dwelling.

Block Island North Reef is a sand shoal which extends 112 miles north-northeastward from Block Island North Lighthouse to the 6-fathom (11 m) curve. Depths less than 18 feet (5.5 m) are found for a distance of over 1 mile north-northeastward of the lighthouse, and the shoal should be avoided by all vessels. The depths on the shoal change frequently, and its position is also subject to a slow change. It is practically steep to on all sides, so that the lead alone can not be depended upon to clear it. A lighted bell buoy is moored in a depth of about 16 fathoms (29 m) 3% mile northward of the 6-fathom (11 m) curve at the end of the shoal.

New Shoreham (Block Island post office) is a village and summer resort near Block Island Harbor. The island has steamboat communication with Providence the year round and with Newport in the summer, entering Block Island Harbor. There is also communication with Stonington the year round and New London in the summer, entering Great Salt Pond. Storm warnings are displayed near Block Island Southeast Lighthouse and from a skeleton tower northward of the Hygeia Hotel, about 1/4 mile from the south end of Great Salt Pond. There are stores, and gasoline can be obtained at Block Island Harbor and Great Salt Pond. Water and limited quantities of anthracite coal can be obtained at Block Island Harbor. The mean rise and fall of tides is 3 feet.

Great Salt Pond (chart 276) is the best harbor in Block Island Sound for vessels of 18-foot (5.5 m) or less draft. In easterly gales, when the sea is too heavy to enter Block Island Harbor, a landing can be made at Great Salt Pond. The entrance is on the west side of Block Island, 2 miles southwestward of Block Island North Lighthouse. It is a dredged cut from 500 to 600 feet wide through the narrow strip of beach which separates the pond from Block Island Sound, and in 1931 had a central depth of 23 feet (7 m) for a width of 100 feet, and for a 200-foot width in the central portion had 18 feet (5.5 m) and over. The southwest side of the entrance is formed by a jetty which extends to a depth of about 18 feet (5.5 m) in the sound. On the jetty are two lights, and at the inner light is a fog signal. The currents in the entrance are small, the average velocity at strength being about 11⁄2 knot.

A vertically striped whistle buoy has been established 1 mile, 322° true (NNW. W. mag.) from the light on the end of the jetty. To enter Great Salt Pond pass 50 yards eastward of the red bell buoy which lies nearly 4 mile north-northwestward of the end of the jetty, and steer 143° true (SSE. mag.) through the middle of the entrance, heading for the steamboat wharf at the head of the pond passing 300 feet off the southwest jetty and midway between the buoys marking the inner end of the entrance channel. This course leads to the usual anchorage, which is in 3 to 8 fathoms (5.5 to 14.6 m) off the steamboat wharf, taking care to leave a clear track for the steamers going to the wharf. The shoal on the south-east side of the pond is marked by a black buoy. A shoal extends about 1/4 mile from the north side of the pond. The 18-foot (5.5 m) curve lies 150 to 200 yards from the west side of the pond, except off Cormorant Point, where it makes off 250 yards. There is a depth of about 12 feet (3.7 m) at the steamboat wharf.

About 4 mile to the westward of the steamboat wharf is a private wharf with about 14 feet (4.3 m) at its face. Water and gasoline can be obtained at the wharf and mooring buoys have been established to the northwestward of the wharf.

Between the steamboat wharf and a row of piles about 150 yards southeastward there is a dredged channel with a depth of about 12 feet (3.7 m) leading to the western end of a pond where local fishing craft are moored.

Block Island Harbor (chart 276) is an artificial harbor formed by the breakwaters, and lies on the east side of Block Island 13% miles northward of Block Island Southeast Lighthouse. The entrance is a dredged channel 100 feet wide and in July, 1932, the controlling depth in the channel through the outer and inner harbor and thence to the head of the basin was 15 feet (4.6 m). The inner harbor had depths of 15 feet (4.6 m) except at the edges, is about 600 by 800 feet in the clear, and is occupied by pleasure craft during the summer. The breakwater on its north side should be given a berth of 100 feet, the one on its western side 150 feet, and the southwestern shore 250 feet. The eastern part of the inner harbor is left clear for the passage of the steamer to the wharf. The basin at the south end of the inner harbor is 250 feet square, and is usually occupied by fishing and other local craft which moor to piles on the sides

of the basin and to the bulkhead on its south side. The deepest draft using Block Island Harbor is about 12 feet (3.7 m).

The east breakwater extends about 850 feet northward of the entrance of the inner harbor, and is marked at its end by a flashing white light; there is a black buoy close northward of the end of the breakwater, and a black bell buoy 1/2 mile northeastward. There is a flashing red light on the end of the breakwater on the west side at the entrance of the inner harbor.

The center line of the entrance channel is on a 185° true (S. by W. 34 W. mag.) course, passing 250 feet westward of the light at the end of the east breakwater, about 140 feet eastward of the light on the west side of the inner harbor, and continuing for the middle of the entrance of the basin. An 11-foot (3.4 m) spot is located on the west side of the channel opposite the east breakwater light and is marked by a red buoy.

DIRECTIONS, BLOCK ISLAND SOUND

The tidal currents throughout Block Island Sound have considerable velocity; the greatest velocities occur in the vicinity of the Race and in the entrances between Montauk Point, Block Island, and Point Judith. Soundings alone can not be depended upon to locate the position; approaching the shores or dangers the shoaling is generally abrupt.

Entering between Point Judith and Block Island. This entrance is used by all coasting vessels from the bays and sounds eastward to Long Island Sound. The generally used route is through the Race. Tows of light barges and steamers of 14 feet (4.3 m) or less draft sometimes go through Fishers Island Sound, especially during daylight with a smooth sea. This entrance is clear with the exception of Block Island North Reef. The coast from Point Judith nearly to Watch Hill should be given a berth of over 1 mile, avoiding the broken ground with depths less than 6 or 7 fathoms (11 to 13 m).

Entering between Block Island and Montauk Point.—In thick weather vessels approaching Block Island Sound from the sea and not being sure of the position are advised to remain offshore until the weather clears. Vessels equipped with radio transmitters should make use of radio direction-finder bearings from Prices Neck and Amagansett radio direction-finder stations. Approaching Block Island from southward, a depth of less than 10 fathoms (18 m) indicates less than 34 mile from shore; and a depth of 10 fathoms (18 m) is found close to some of the broken ground between Montauk Point and Block Island.

Coming from southward or southwestward, to insure clearing the shoals off Montauk Point and Block Island, the usual route followed by coasting vessels is to stand in for the south shore of Long Island anywhere between Montauk Point and Shinnecock Bay Light, sounding frequently, until in a depth of 15 to 16 fathoms (27 to 29 m), when the vessel will be from 32 to 42 miles from the beach. The course can be then shaped along the coast of Long Island or to clear Block Island, as desired.

Small coasting vessels and tows, bound into Block Island Sound or Vineyard Sound from southward, usually follow the coast until