Potato Island is low and is marked by a large house. Bare rocks extend 150 yards northeastward from it, and there is a rock bare at low water close to its southwest end.

Rogers Island, known locally as Yoncomis Island, is marked by a prominent red-roofed house. There is a landing with a depth of 4 feet (1.2 m) on the northeast side, and a small breakwater about 75 yards northwestward of the landing. About 175 yards northeastward of the landing is a spindle marking a rock. There is a bare rocky islet off its southeast side, and midway between the islet and the southwest end of Potato Island there is a rock, which shows at lowest tides. The rocks westward of Rogers Island are bare at half tide; those southwestward show at all times. The southern limit of the rocks lying from 1% to 3% mile westward and southwestward from this island is marked by a horizontally striped buoy.

Between the rocks westward of Rogers Island and Blackstone Rocks, a channel about 75 feet wide and 10 feet (3 m) deep, marked by bush stakes, has been dredged northeastward to a quarry wharf. A small turning basin, marked by piles, lies eastward of the wharf. The depth at the wharf is about 8 feet (2.4 m), but it is subject to shoaling from crushed stone which is loaded on barges. Blackstone Rocks are a chain of islets and ledges extending about 1 mile southwestward from Brown Point. The most prominent are a rock lying 400 yards southward, a prominent white-topped rock, marked with a private spindle, lying nearly 1/2 mile south-southwestward, and the two high, bare rocks of Middle Rock lying over 34 mile south-southwestward of Brown Point. Bare rocks lie 100 yards west-northwestward and 200 yards north-northeastward of the white-topped rock, and most of the other rocks are covered at half tide. There are, however, sunken rocks around and westward of the group, and great care is required to insure safety. The eastern limit of the rocks extending 1/4 mile eastward from Middle Rock is marked by a black buoy.

Pine Orchard is a summer resort extending northward and westward of Brown Point. Northeastward of the point is a yacht basin 800 feet long and 300 feet wide, and dredged to a depth of 6 to 7 feet (1.8 to 2.1 m). The entrance channel extends eastward and northward of the island lying 200 yards northeastward of Brown Point. A breakwater, extending eastward from Brown point, is marked at its end by a light, which is used as the front range light for entrance to the basin.

A sea wall extends westward from Brown Point, and the shore is thickly settled. A rock bare at half tide lies 600 yards westward of Brown Point and 300 yards from shore; a rock with 4 feet (1.2 m) over it lies in mid-channel northward of the rock.

Two rocks, bare at low water, lie 3 mile northeastward of Haycock Point and 300 yards from shore off the middle of a bight. There are other rocks eastward and westward of it which lie closer to shore. A bare rock lies 200 yards southeastward of Haycock Point; northward of the rocks are numerous rocks bare at low water.

Rocks bare at half tide lie off the southeast side and southwest end of Green Island. A rock bare at low water lies 1/4 mile southeastward of Green Island. There are numerous sunken rocks, as shown on the chart. The large ledge lying 200 yards from the shore westward of Green Island is covered at high water.

Foot Rocks show above water, but there are also some that cover around them.

Spectacle Island, the outer one off the southeast side of Indian Neck, has some grass on top. Negro Heads, a reef bare in one place at low water, extends 5% mile southward from the island and is marked at its south end by a red buoy. In addition to sunken rocks, rocks bare at low water lie about 200 yards northward, westward, and southwestward of Spectacle Island. Moon Rock, bare at low water, lies 1/4 mile west-southwestward of Spectacle Island.

Sumac Island is marked by a prominent house, and a prominent landing with house on its southeast side. There is foul ground between the island and the rock bare at low water between it and Spectacle Island. A rock with 4 feet (1.2 m) over it lies 200 yards southwestward of Sumac Island.

Sedge Island and Squaw Rocks are low and grassy. There is a narrow channel with a depth of about 5 feet (1.5 m) between them. Clam Island is settled, and there is a boat landing on its northwest side. Entering between the bare rocks off the southwest end of Clam Island and Jeffrey Rock, motor boats can enter Maltby Cove, favoring the northwest side of Clam Island. There is a marine railway for small motor boats. The northwest side of the cove is foul, the principal danger being a rock bare at low water lying near the middle northwestward of Clam Island; the range of the bare rock northward of Jeffrey Rock and the middle of Taunton Rock leads close to it.

Jeffrey Point, the eastern point at the entrance of Branford Harbor, has a bare rock close to its western end, and three bare rocks, the southernmost called Jeffrey Rock, extending 300 yards southward from the point.

Branford Harbor (chart 217), 4 miles eastward of New Haven Harbor entrance, is a shallow cove between Jeffrey Point and Johnson Point. Vessels up to 10-foot (3 m) draft can select anchorage in the harbor southward of the Mermaids in 10 to 14 feet (3 to 4.3 m); protected against all but southerly and southwesterly winds. Boats up to 5-foot (1.5 m) draft can select a well sheltered anchorage in the upper part of the harbor above the Mermaids. The dangers in the approach and entrance of Branford Harbor either show above water or are marked by buoys.

Little Mermaid (showing but little above high water) and Big Mermaid (a high rock marked by a privately maintained light from June 1 to October 30) lie near the middle of the harbor, and there are two bare rocks near the head of the harbor. A rock, bare at low water and usually marked by stakes, lies about 100 feet northnortheastward of the north end of Lovers Island, and the same distance off the hotel boat landing; the latter has a depth of 22 feet (0.8 m) at its end. During the summer a ferry runs to Sunset Beach, on the east side of Branford Harbor.

Branford River, a narrow and crooked stream, has been improved by dredging a channel 100 feet wide and 81/2 feet (2.6 m) deep for a distance of nearly 2 miles above the Mermaids to the wharf of the large iron works at Branford. From Branford Point up to the lower wharf at Branford the river is naturally deep. In 1932 the outer channel had a controlling depth of 612 feet (1.9 m) and thence 81⁄2 feet (2.5 m) nearly up to the head of navigation at Branford.

Coal, gasoline, and boat supplies can be obtained at Branford. The principal commerce is in coal, iron, and foundry supplies, carried in barges and small steamers of 812 to 10 feet (2.5 to 3 m) draft. There is a depth of about 11 feet (3.3 m) at the iron works wharf and 6 feet (1.8 m) at the coal and lumber wharf 1/4 mile farther down. At the upper end of the iron works the river is crossed by a bridge, which is practically the head of navigation, although the draw can be opened. Boats, without masts, of about 3-foot (0.9 m) draft can go over 1 mile above the bridge and through the railroad trestle. There are boat landings, with about 3 feet (0.9 m) alongside, on the east side of Branford Point, where gasoline and launch supplies can be obtained. There is an electric road from Branford to New Haven. Directions, Branford Harbor.-From eastward, pass southward of Negro Heads buoy, steer about 306° true (NW. 14 N. mag.) for Taunton Rock, and enter the harbor between the latter and Jeffrey Rock; or, a 333° true (N. by W. % W. mag.) course with Branford Reef Light astern will lead into the harbor between Jeffrey Rock and Taunton Rock. From westward, pass southward and over 100 yards eastward of Cow and Calf lighted bell buoy, and enter the harbor between Johnson Point on the west and Blyn Rock and Bird Rock buoy on the east; or pass between Blyn and Taunton Rocks.

From Branford Harbor the dredged channel to Branford River leads between the Mermaids. Passing 125 yards southeastward of Lovers Island, and steering for the light on Big Mermaid, leads in the first section of the dredged channel. The middle of the next section of the dredged channel then leads 100 feet southeastward of Big Mermaid light and 125 feet southeastward of the end of the stone pier at Branford Point. Above this point there are no aids, and strangers should either take it on a rising tide, using the chart, or employ some one with local knowledge. There are some stakes on the shoals in places. At low water the channel above Branford Point is defined by the bare shoals on each side.

Bird Rock, with 5 feet (1.5 m) over it, is marked on its southwest side by a red buoy.

Johnson Point, the western point at the entrance of Branford Harbor, has a rock awash at a good low water about 100 yards off its southwest side. A small yacht basin has been dredged on the southwest side of the point and is well protected in all but southerly winds.

Blyn Rock, a small rock which is covered at a good high water, lies midway between Johnson Point and Taunton Rock.

Taunton Rock is a large, low, bare rock near the middle of the entrance of Branford Harbor.

Five Foot Rock is marked on its south side by a red buoy.

Cow and Calf are two bowlders close together; the western one is covered at high water and the other is bare at low water. Broken ground, on which the least depth found is 11 feet (3.4 m), extends 400 yards north-northwestward from Cow and Calf. A lighted bell buoy marks the south side of the rocks.

Gull Rocks lie on the eastern side of the entrance of the cove westward of Johnson Point. From the islets in the north half of the group, rocks, some sunken, extend 300 yards southward and 600 yards south-southwestward. At the northwest end of the cove there is a boat landing with a depth of about 2 feet (0.6 m) alongside. Lying

about 350 yards off Short Beach and 200 yards from the west side of the cove there is a rock, bare at half tide, which is marked at its southwest end by a private spindle. There is a marine railway for boats under 40 feet in length at Short Beach. The bight on the west side of the cove at the entrance of Farm River Cut has an old wharf on the south side; there is a depth of about 5 feet (1.5 m) at its end, and boats can anchor just westward of it. Old Clump is a bare rock.

East Haven River has been improved by dredging a channel 6 feet (1.8 m) deep for a distance of 14 miles above the entrance to an old quarry, just westward of which is a dike, which forms the head of navigation. A bar has formed across this channel at its entrance and has a controlling depth of about 3 feet (0.9 m) at low water. A drawbridge, with an opening 50 feet wide, crosses the river about 3/4 mile above its mouth. There is little navigation on the river and the drawbridge is closed. The channel is only about 20 feet wide in places.

Darrow Rocks, on the east side of East Haven River, show above water, and the southernmost rocky knoll is marked by a flagstaff. A ledge, bare at low water, lies 100 yards south-southwestward of the flagstaff. Lying 600 yards south-southeastward of the flagstaff there is a ledge with 5 feet (1.5 m) over it; the range of New Haven (West Breakwater) Lighthouse and the south edge of Stony Islet leads over the ledge.

Stony Islet is low, bare, and surrounded by ledges, bare at low water to a distance of about 100 yards. A large reef, locally known as East Indies Rocks, covered at half tide, lies 300 to 450 yards eastward of Stony Islet. A small ledge, bare at low water, lies midway between the reef and the rocks, covered at high water, off the south side of Mansfield Point. The latter and the shore westward are thickly settled, and have communication by electric road with. New Haven.

Lying 400 yards north-northwestward of Stony Islet there is a partly bare ledge. Extending westward from this ledge and Stony Islet to the entrance of New Haven Harbor, there is an area of foul ground, which extends about 2 mile from shore. There are numerous rocks, bare at low water, in this area, and it should be avoided even by motor boats. Round Rock is bare at low water and is surrounded by sunken ledges. It is marked by a red nun buoy, placed at the southern end of the 12-foot (3.7 m) curve, nearly 3/4 mile from shore. Depths of 20 feet (6 m) or less, broken and irregular bottom, extend 3% mile southeastward and southward from the buoy.

Townshend Ledge, with 18 feet (5.5 m) over it and marked by a horizontally striped buoy, lies 2 miles from shore and 25% miles 256° true (W. S. mag.) from Branford Reef Light.

A lighted buoy, maintained by the city of New Haven, has been established about 534 miles, 159° true (S. 4 E. mag.) from New Haven Lighthouse to mark a dumping grounds.

NEW HAVEN HARBOR (CHART 218)

is commercially one of the most important harbors in Long Island Sound and is an important harbor of refuge for vessels of less than 24-foot (7.3 m) draft. The harbor has been improved by the construction of breakwaters at the entrance and by dredging a channel

to Tomlinson Bridge at New Haven. Anchorage basins with depths of 20, 16, and 15 feet (6.1, 4.9, and 4.6 m) have been dredged on the sides of the channel above Fort Hale (see descriptions under "Anchorage" following). In 1932 the main channel had a controlling depth of nearly 20 feet (6.1 m) to Tomlinson Bridge. The river channels are described under separate heads.

From the 15-foot (4.6 m) anchorage a channel 100 feet wide and 13 feet (4 m) deep has been dredged toward Brewery Street, the southwest edge of the channel lying 130 feet off the northeast side of Canal Wharf. Shoals bare at low water lie on both sides of this channel in places, between which are channels leading to some of the wharves as shown on the chart. The upper end of the channel is marked by piles on the southwest side. The wharves bordering on this channel have depths of 8 to 10 feet (2.4 to 3 m) at their ends and sides, with the exception of the city wharf, which nearly bares at its southwest end at low water.

Dredged channels on the east shore, about 400 yards and 1 mile to the southward of Tomlinson Bridge, lead from the main channel to an oil wharf and to a coke wharf, respectively, and the depths are about 20 feet (6.1 m). There is a private red light, on each side, at the end of the coke wharf.

New Haven is an important manufacturing city at the head of the harbor and is the chief commercial port of Connecticut. The port has a large carrying trade, the chief item being coal. The depths at the principal wharves range from 12 to 18 feet (3.7 to 5.5 m). The city wharf has a depth of 15 feet (4.6 m) at its southeast end; the other sides of the wharf are shoal. Canal Dock is in ruins. Depths alongside the wharves in Quinnipiac River approximate closely the depths in the adjacent channel. The wharves along Mill River have depths of 8 to 18 feet (2.4 to 5.5 m). Depths along the West Haven wharves, bordering on the 12-foot (3.7 m) channel, vary from 5 to 12 feet (1.5 to 3.7 m). The deepest draft of vessels going up to the city is 2212 feet (6.8 m) at high water.

The prominent objects are Southwest Ledge and New Haven Lighthouses, the Soldiers and Sailors Monument on East Rock, the Union New Haven Trust Building (gilded dome on top) which shows up to the right of a large square building and the aero beacon, about 3/4 mile northeastward of Fort Hale, which shows up very well at night.

East Breakwater extends 3,450 feet in an east-northeasterly direction from Southwest Ledge Lighthouse to Quixes Ledge. The area northward of the breakwater is obstructed by ledges and is not available for anchorage except northward of the lighthouse, where the depth is 18 to 20 feet (5.5 to 6.1 m), bottom soft in places. The passage eastward of the breakwater has bowlder patches and is very broken, but can be used by small craft of less than 6-foot (1.8 m) draft, taking care, however, to avoid the foul ground along the northeast side of the passage. This passage has been buoyed and can be navigated with the aid of the chart. Local vessels of as much as 10 to 12 feet (3 to 3.7 m) draft, use the passage at high water. Avoiding Quixes Ledge, which extends about 200 yards southeastward from the eastern end of the breakwater, pass about 100 yards eastward of the breakwater. The principal danger inside the break

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