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buoy off Prospect Point, a 116° true (SE. 5% E. mag.) course will lead for the light on the end of the breakwater, and pass northward of the obstructions with 23 and 19 feet (7 and 5.8 m) over them, located about 5 mile northward and 12 miles eastward, respectively, of Prospect Point. The latter obstruction is marked by a red buoy. Glen Cove is a village with railroad communication on Glencove Creek, about 1 mile back from the eastern shore of the bay. There is also bus service from Glen Cove to the towns along the shore. The breakwater has been built to 4 feet (1.2 m) above high water, extends 1,564 feet west-southwestward from this wharf, and is marked at its end by a light. The anchorage behind the breakwater is known as Glencove Harbor, the depths ranging from 18 to 22 feet (5.5 to 6.7 m) behind its outer half and 7 to 9 feet (2.1 to 2.7 m) nearer shore. The New York Yacht Club has a float landing just south of the breakwater. An oil barge is anchored on the south side of the breakwater, near shore, during the summer, and gasoline and oil can be obtained.

Glencove Creek, lying 4 mile southward of Glencove Breakwater, is a crooked stream with an average width of 40 to 50 feet and depth of about 1 foot (0.3 m). At high water boats of as much as 7-foot (2.1 m) draft can be taken about 3/4 mile above the entrance, nearly to the village of Glen Cove. In 1932, the village of Glen Cove was dredging in the channel.

Sea Cliff is a village on the steep hill on the south side of Glencove Creek. There is a fixed red light on the end of the jetty in Mosquito Cove. Water can be obtained by water boat. From Sea Cliff to the northerly wharves at Glenwood a shoal extends 300 yards from the eastern shore and is marked by two black buoys.

The head of Hempstead Harbor above Bar Beach is occupied by extensive flats, and the narrow channels require local knowledge. From the entrance at Bar Beach a channel 6 feet (1.8 m) deep and 100 feet wide has been dredged to a point opposite Ward's wharf, a distance of 5,600 feet; thence 80 feet wide to Roslyn Town Wharf, a distance of about 3,200 feet; and thence 50 to 70 feet wide to the head of navigation, a distance of about 1,700 feet. In 1931 a controlling depth of 6 feet (1.8 m) existed to within 4,000 feet of the head of improvement; above this the controlling depth to the head of improvement was 4 feet (1.2 m).

Currents.-The tidal currents have an average velocity of about 134 knots at strength through the narrow channel at Bar Beach. Slack before flood and ebb occurs about the time the current turns westward and eastward, respectively, at the Race (approximately 2 hours after low and high water at New London).

Glenwood is a village on the eastern shore, abreast Bar Beach. The four stacks at the lighting plant are prominent. Gasoline, fresh water, ice, and supplies can be obtained. A ferry runs to Rye Beach during the summer. There are several marine railways; the largest can accommodate a vessel up to 125 feet in length, with a draft of 10 feet (3 m) and has a capacity of 150 tons.

Roslyn is a village on the railroad at the head of the harbor. There are two marine railways for small vessels. Supplies can be obtained. The deepest draft of vessels taken up to Roslyn is 12 feet (3.7 m).

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In severe winters ice has been known to close navigation about six weeks during January and February.

The principal items of commerce are sand and gravel and fuel oil. There is also trade in coal, ashes, and building material. The usual draft of vessels engaged in this commerce is from 3 to 12 feet (0.9 to 3.7 m).

Currents. In the channel west of the breakwater the velocity is small, being about 1/4 knot at strength.

Tides. The mean rise and fall of tides is about 714 feet.

From Mott Point to Prospect Point there are bluffs in places. A shoal, with bowlders, extends 1/4 mile from shore between the points, and also for a short distance southward of Mott Point. Abreast Mott Point the shoal is marked by a bell buoy. Picket Rock, awash at low water, lies 1/4 mile northward of Mott Point and 300 yards from shore.

Prospect Point, marked by a gray house with a lawn in front and a prominent white house with red roof on the bluff to the southwestward, has a rocky shoal making out nearly 1/2 mile northward from it. The shoal rises abruptly from a depth of 10 fathoms (18 m) to 16 feet (4.9 m), and has bowlders. Old Hen, a bowlder awash at low water, lies 400 yards from shore. The north end of the shoal is marked by a black bell buoy, which lies 7% mile east-southeastward of Execution Rocks Lighthouse. There is a rocky patch, with 11 feet (3.4 m) over it, about 5% mile eastward of Prospect Point and an obstruction, with 19 feet (5.8 m) over it, and marked by a buoy, lies 112 miles eastward of the point.

Execution Rocks are marked by Execution Rocks Lighthouse, and the rocks with depths of 18 feet (5.5 m) or less extend 1/2 mile northward, 200 yards southward, and 600 yards southwestward from the lighthouse. The 18-foot (5.5 m) curve at the north and southwest ends of the rocks is marked by horizontally striped buoys, and a red buoy marks the east side of the rocks 300 yards northeastward of the lighthouse. Rocks, with 8 to 9 feet (2.4 to 2.7 m) over them, extend about 400 feet southward from the lighthouse. A rocky patch, with 13 feet (4 m) over it, and a wreck, with 32 feet (9.8 m) over it, are located about 50 yards and 1 mile, respectively, northeastward of the northerly horizontally striped buoy.

Execution Rocks Lighthouse is a white stone tower, with a brown band about midway of its height, attached to a granite dwelling. The light is flashing white every 10 seconds, flash 1.5 seconds, eclipse 8.5 seconds, 55 feet (16.8 m) high and visible 13 miles. A red sector from 34° to 70° true, from seaward, covers the shoals to southwestward. The fog signal is an air siren, blast 3 seconds, silent 17 seconds. A radiobeacon is operated at the lighthouse.

Sands Point is marked by a lighthouse. A bowlder reef extends 600 yards off the point and is marked by a black buoy. The bowlders show at low water for a distance of about 300 yards from shore. The old lighthouse (stone tower) and a white residence, with spire on top, are prominent objects at this point.

Sands Point Lighthouse marks the outer extremity of the reef extending off the point. The light is flashing green, exhibited from a black steel tower.

Barker Point is a high bluff on the northeast side of the entrance of Manhasset Bay. Gangway Rock, marked by a black lighted bell buoy, is at the northerly end of a broken line of rocks and shoal water, which extends 5% mile north-northwestward from Barker Point. Success Rock, awash at low water and marked by a spindle, is one of this broken line of rocks. A rock with about 6 feet (1.8 m) on it lies between Gangway Rock and Success Rock.

Manhasset Bay is nearly 1 mile wide between Barker Point and Hewlett Point, and over 3 miles long. It affords excellent shelter for vessels of about 12-foot (3.7 m) or less draft, and is much frequented by yachts in the summer. The principal items of commerce are sand and gravel, building material, coal, and fuel oil carried in vessels of 6 to 12 feet (1.8 to 3.7 m) draft. The depths in the outer part of the bay range from about 12 to 16 feet (3.7 to 4.9 m), and about 8 to 12 feet (2.4 to 3.7 m) in the inner part inside Plum Point.

A project provides for a channel to be dredged 8 feet (2.4 m) deep and 100 feet wide from deep water in Manhasset Bay to Crampton Bros. wharf at Great Neck, including a turning basin near the head of the project. In 1927 there was a controlling depth of 62 feet (1.9 m) for 1,700 feet from deep water in the bay, thence 312 feet (1 m) to the head of the project. The bottom was exposed in the turning basin.

Plum Point, marked by a clubhouse and a prominent flagstaff, is a low spit extending southward from the eastern shore about 1 mile southward of Barker Point. There is a lighted buoy about 150 yards southwestward of the point. The bight eastward of Plum Point is shoal. The edge of this shoal is marked by a black buoy, placed in a depth of 11 feet (3.4 m) about 1/4 mile southeastward of the point.

A ferry, that operates from New Rochelle in the summer, lands at the point about 1/2 mile northeastward of Plum Point. A privately dredged channel, marked with private buoys, leads to the landing.

Port Washington is a village, with railroad communication, on the south side of a shoal bight about 1 mile southeastward of Plum Point. A channel, with depths of 6 to 8 feet (1.8 to 2.4 m) and marked at its entrance by buoys, leads along the south side of the bight from 100 to 400 feet off Cris Craft Wharf and Town Wharf. Cris Craft Wharf is the wharf just inside the entrance buoys, and Town Wharf is 300 yards above it. The depths at these wharves are about 7 and 5 feet (2.1 and 1.5 m), respectively, and at the principal boat landings about 4 feet (1.2 m). A wreck, which bares at low water and is marked by a private can buoy, lies about 300 yards northward of the Town Wharf, on the west side of the channel. Yacht supplies, gasoline, and water can be obtained, and there are facilities for repairing boats up to 100 feet long. Just westward of Port Washington, in Manhasset Bay, there are several house boats anchored during the summer, and also two oil barges, from which gasoline and oil may be obtained.

Storm warnings are displayed at Port Washington.

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Tides. The mean rise and fall of the tides is about 74 feet. A bowlder reef, largely bare at low water and marked by a black buoy, extends over 300 yards northward from Hewlett Point, on the west side at the entrance of Manhasset Bay. There is a sunken garden, surrounded by a curved brick wall, at the point.

Stepping Stones is a dangerous bowlder reef, which extends about 34 mile in a northwesterly direction from the shore and is marked near its end by Stepping Stones Lighthouse. There are three rocks which show at low water southeastward of the lighthouse, and little depth at other places as shown on the chart. Vessels should not approach the lighthouse closer than 250 yards on the northwest side.

Stepping Stones Lighthouse is a red-brick dwelling on a granite pier, with a white horizontal band on the southwest side of the pier. The light is fixed green, 46 feet (14 m) high and visible for 12 miles. The fog signal is a bell sounding a group of 2 strokes every 20 seconds.

Little Neck Bay is nearly 1 mile wide eastward of Willets Point, and about 2 miles long. The shores of the bay are generally settled, and there are numerous boat landings. The depths are about 9 feet (2.7 m) in the entrance, 6 feet (1.8 m) about halfway to its head, and thence shoaling gradually. There are bowlders in places close to shore. A much used boat anchorage is in the cove on the east side 1 mile southward of Elm Point, the depths being 5 to 7 feet (1.5 to 2.1 m) and beach sandy. An oil barge is anchored here in the summer and gasoline and oil can be obtained. The two branches of the bay are bare at low water.

The creek at the head of the south branch, known as Alley Creek, is crossed by two bridges as follows: Railroad bridge, swing draw, 40 feet wide and 3 feet (0.9 m) above mean high water when closed; fixed highway bridge, 37 feet wide and 9.9 feet (3 m) above mean high water, 0.2 and 0.3 mile, respectively, above the mouth.

EAST RIVER

is the name given to the tidal strait about 14 miles long and 600 to 4,000 feet wide, connecting Hudson River and the Upper Bay at the Battery, New York City, with Long Island Sound at Throgs Neck, New York City, and separating Long Island from the mainland. The stretch between Blackwells (Welfare) Island and Negro Point is known as Hell Gate. The Harlem River joins the East River at Wards Island in Hell Gate; and is also connected by Little Hell Gate between Wards and Randalls Islands. Five bridges, having a minimum vertical clearance at mean high water of about 13112 feet, cross the river between the Battery and Lawrence Point. From the Battery to Port Morris, a distance of about 10 miles both shores are occupied by wharves, practically continuous, except where shoals or currents prevent access.

The traffic in East River is very great, the number of steamers passing through Hell Gate amounting to several hundred daily. Barges are towed in sets of three astern. Car floats are towed one on each side of the tug, thus making up a tow of about 327 feet in 161875°-33- -17

length and 105 feet in breadth; about 100 of these car-float tows pass through the river daily.

Depths. The project for the improvement of East River provides for channels of the following dimensions: From deep water in the upper New York Bay to the Brooklyn Navy Yard, 40 feet (12.2 m) deep and 1,000 feet wide; thence to Throgs Neck, 35 feet (10.7 m) deep with widths varying from about 550 feet to 1,000 feet, according to locality; east of Blackwells Island up to English Place, Long Island City, 30 feet (9.1 m) deep and varying in width from 500 feet to 900 feet, with widening in the approach from the main channel; between South Brother Island and Lawrence Point, 20 feet (6. 1 m) deep and 300 feet wide, with widening in the approach from the main channel; and also the removal of many rocks and reefs to varying depths.

In 1932 there was available for navigation a channel 35 feet (10.6 m) deep and 500 feet wide connecting deep water in the Upper Bay, New York Harbor, with deep water in the East River off Old Slip, Manhattan; thence a channel 40 feet (12.2 m) and over in depth and of varying but navigable width was available up to Hell Gate; the controlling depth through Hell Gate was 3412 feet (10.6 m); thence to Clason Point 35 feet (10.6 m), and thence to Throgs Neck at Long Island Sound, 37 feet (11.3 m).

Caution. Dredging and blasting operations are continuously in progress removing the rocks and reefs in East River to the project depths. Mariners are requested to use all precautions against fouling the plants on this work. Buoys are usually placed to mark the areas of blasted rock, and their locations and descriptions are published in the weekly Notices to Mariners. Regulations for the navigation of East River in the vicinity of improvement operations are prescribed by the Secretary of War and copies of these regulations can be obtained from the Army Engineers, 39 Whitehall Street, New York City.

Throgs Neck, on the north shore at the eastern entrance of East River, is marked by a lighthouse and a wharf at its south end. Storm warnings are displayed at Throgs Neck. A shoal extends 200 yards south-southeastward from Throgs Neck, and is marked by a red buoy which should be given a berth of over 50 yards. Shoals extend 400 yards from the north shore of the bight between Throgs Neck and Old Ferry Point; the north side of the channel off the edge of the shoal is much used as an anchorage by vessels and barges. There is a 15-foot (4.6 m) spot about 11⁄2 mile east-northeastward of Old Ferry Point, about 600 yards from the north shore.

Throgs Neck Lighthouse is a red-brick, conical tower on the south bastion of Fort Schuyler.

Willets Point, on the south shore at the eastern entrance of East River, is marked by a large granite fort. There is communication by electric road to New York City. There are two wharves on its west side. A channel with a depth of 13 feet (4 m) has been dredged to the wharves. A shoal extends off from Little Bay, its edge passing nearly 400 yards northwestward of Willets Point. Daily tidal predictions for Willets Point are given in the tide tables published annually by the Coast and Geodetic Survey.

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