$572,315. The Expenditures included interest on Debt, etc., $1,956,056, administration of Justice $671,915, Legislation $458,142, Public instruction $1,578,361, Public Works $817,275, Agriculture $502,700, Roads $391,147, Charities, Asylums and other institutions $923,618, Canadian Patriotic Fund subscription $375,000. There was a capital expenditure of $1,646,177 under the Good Roads Act and $1,148,000 on the St. Maurice River Waters' Storage. The estimates for 1917-18 were $9,560,164 of Receipts and $9,504,845 Expenditures. Mr. Mitchell took an active part in Federal politics during the year and strongly supported Sir W. Laurier. Some of his reasons he stated to the Montreal Reform Club on June 25 in supporting the Resolution of R. C. Smith, K.C., which approved, "without reserve, the constitutional and patriotic attitude of Sir Wilfrid Laurier in asserting the determination of Canada to continue to give to the Allies all her resources, but wishing at the same time to remain faithful to democratic principles and to preserve national unity." The Conscription law, he thought, could have been properly called "a law to amend the law on elections" as presented by Robert Rogers. "One had only to hear the Prime Minister appealing to sentiment, alone, to feel the absolute weakness and unfitness of Sir Robert Borden to be the leader of a party. The Bill contained many traps; it signified big fat jobs for certain people while the working classes would be sent to the Front. As to the French-Canadian: 'How can we ask him to go and fight for England when in the next Province he knows he is hated, despised and detested?' At Drummondville on July 29 he declared the Act to have been introduced not to win the War but to win the Elections and "to set the English of Ontario against the French of Quebec and the French of Quebec against the English of Ontario." It was not necessary: "A system which allows us to get 420,000 men, voluntarily, is good for another hundred thousand." He accompanied Sir Wilfrid Laurier on his Western election tour and spoke at Winnipeg, Regina, Calgary and Vancouver. Of Quebec Commissions, it may be added, that of Public Utilities -F. W. Hibbard, K.C., Sir G. Garneau and F. C. Laberge reported as to complaints fyled and orders made, upon the position of the Quebec North Shore Turnpike Trust, the work of the Provincial Fire Inspector and the Railway companies. Between July 1, 1914, and Apr. 1, 1916, the Commission had 34 sittings. The Quebec Streams Commission (Hon. S. N. Parent, K.C., W. I. Bishop, c.E., and Ernest Belanger, c.E.) in its 5th annual Report dealt with various Rivers-public works, sanitation safeguards, reservoirs, dams, currents and flow, drainage areas, snowfall, water available, gauge readings and their protection and use throughout the Province. In Temperance matters Quebec progressed steadily on the path to Prohibition. The Church, originally, had inclined toward a policy of stern regulation; in 1916-17 it supported legislation looking to absolute abolition of the traffic-with Archbishop Roy of Quebec, Bishops Chalifoux of Sherbrooke, Cloutier of Three Rivers, Bernard of St. Hyacinthe, Blais of Rimouski and Forbes of Joliette openly in favour of the policy. Largely-signed petitions were presented to the Government and, even as it was, J. H. Roberts, Secretary of the Prohibition Committee, was able to report in April that 84% of the municipalities were under local prohibition. During the 1916 Session of the Legislature amendments had passed by which hotels and restaurant licenses in Montreal were to be reduced from 350 to 300 on May 1, 1917, and in the city of Quebec from 50 to 40; while retail liquor shop licenses (commonly known as "licensed groceries") in Montreal were to be reduced from 520 to 350 and in the city of Quebec from 100 to 75. Limitations were also to be placed upon the number of licenses in certain other cities and several towns. These changes were duly carried out and on May 1, 1918, the bar as an institution was to disappear from the life of the Province, and no hotel or restaurant keeper, licensed to sell intoxicating liquors, would be permitted to keep or have a bar-and so with the "licensed grocery." On Oct. 4, as the result of a long campaign and the permission of the Dominion Government, Quebec City voted on the Scott or Canadian Temperance Act; 8,000 voters had signed the original Petition and the struggle was an energetic Chief Justice Sir F. X. Lemieux was the leader, backed by Mr. Justice E. Lafontaine of Montreal and Hon. M. A. Galipeault, aided by the influence of sermons from Mgr. P. E. Roy and the advocacy of L'Action Catholique, the Church organ; opposed to these were Mr. Justice Chas. Langelier and Armand Lavergne, the Federated Unions of Quebec and Lévis, and many public men who did not think that the issue was important in view of current and severe restrictions. The Act was approved by a majority and put into operation on Dec. 15. one. In accordance with the custom inaugurated in 1916 the Session of the Legislature was held at the close of the year-though instead of ending in December it only commenced then and its proceedings, therefore, belong mainly to the annals of 1918. Reference may be made, however, to its opening on Dec. 4 by Sir P. E. Le Blanc with a Speech from the Throne which urged increased farm production; announced the beginning of a new highway between Three Rivers and Grand Mêre and the approaching completion of the St. Maurice and St. Francis Water-storage projects; stated that excellent results had been obtained from the Provincial nursery of forest trees at Berthier, from which, during the year, 500,000 young trees had been distributed-mostly to regions swept by fire and unfit for cultivation; mentioned the activity of colonization in Abitibi and the Metapedia Valley and arrangements for establishing a Technical School at Three Rivers. The Address was moved by A. Beaudry, Verchères, and W. R. Oliver, Brome; in the Council by Hon. P. J. Paradis and Hon. W. F. Vilas-new members. Arthur Sauvé, Conservative leader in the House, urged (Dec. 5) a Commission to study economic questions, the organization of an Agricultural fund to aid poor farmers, free lands and subsidies for colonists, organization of co-operative societies in all parts of the Province, reform of teaching methods, a moratorium for the workmen, cheap electric power in the rural districts, strict inspection of moving pictures, reform of the Legislative Council, a fixed date for Elections and proportional representation. Sir Lomer Gouin stated in his speech on the Address, which passed without division, that "we have decided to give free land grants to returned soldiers, because we want to recognize the devotion of these brave men who have been fighting in defence of our most sacred rights." At the close of the year an Order-in-Council was passed protesting against a Federal Order which required all Provincial, municipal and private flotations to be first approved by the Federal authorities; it informed the Government of Canada that the Quebec Government considered the regulations as "illegal, unconstitutional and nowise binding upon the Province." A motion was shortly afterwards tabled by J. N. Francœur, which was not dealt with until the next year but evoked much preliminary discussion. It declared that "the Province of Quebec would be disposed to accept the rupture of the Federation pact of 1867 if, in the opinion of the other Provinces, it is believed that the said Province is an obstacle to the Union and to the progress and development of Canada." Other incidents of the year included the appointments of W. F. Vilas, P. J. Paradis and N. Perodeau to the Legislative Council, E. E. Duckworth as Provincial Superintendent of Insurance, and the following King's Counsel; A. Laurie, Quebec; Louis Taché, Rimouski; J. A. Dubeau, Joliette; Wilfrid Laliberté, Victoriaville; Louis Morin, St. Joseph; J. L. St. Jacques, Edgar N. Armstrong, W. F. Chipman, Antonio Perreault and Wilfrid A. Hanfield, Montreal. J. F. Daniel for Montcalm and W. E. Oliver for Brome were elected by acclamation on Nov. 12 as supporters of the Gouin Government; H. J. Kavanagh, K.C., was elected Batonnier of the Montreal Bar. The Report of Ernest Myrand, F.R.S.C., Librarian of the Quebec Legislature in 1917, showed 109,270 volumes and 27,371 pamphlets in his Library; on Dec. 13 Mr. Justice Allard at Montreal confirmed in the Supreme Court the dissolution by the Archbishop of Montreal on Nov. 15, 1913, of a marriage contracted by Emilien Berthelet with a first cousin of his deceased wife without a dispensation; the famous Hébért marriage case came up again in an action asking the Superior Court to declare the marriage of Eugene Hébért and M. E. Clouatre, solemnized July 14, 1908, by the Rev. W. Timberlake, a Protestant minister, a valid and binding marriage, to declare a child born of that marriage legitimate, and to declare null and void a judgment rendered by Archbishop Bruchési Nov. 12, 1909, nullifying the marriage under the Ne Temere decree. The following were elected heads of some of Quebec's public organizations in 1917: Association of Accountants. Pomological and Fruit-Growing Society. St. Jean Baptiste Society... Protestant Women Teachers of Quebec.. F. W. Sharp... Isabel E. Brittain, M.A.. Provincial Association of Protestant Teachers..C. A. Adams. Montreal. Montreal. Montreal. Montreal. Granby. Higher Education in Quebec. Laval University was a much discussed institution in 1917 by large numbers of people who, unfortunately, knew little about its secure and effective place in the French educational system-its olden establishment at Quebec and the more modern one at Montreal. The former had 93 learned Professors and teachers in 1917 and great stores of additional learning in its valuable Library; the latter had 265 Professors and teachers; the students numbered 378 at Quebec and 1,974 in Montreal; the graduates of the year from Laval, as a whole, totalled 417 in Theology, Law, Medicine, Dental Surgery, Veterinary Medicine, Arts, Letters, Science, Forestry, Architecture, Engineering, etc. The affiliated institutions had 48 graduates and the Government subsidy was $105,000. Recruiting, toward the end of the year, was excellent at Laval and the services of its General Hospital in France were well known. McGill University, the chief English institution of the Province, had 205 Professors, 898 students and 272 graduates -in Law, Medicine, Science, Dental Surgery, Arts, Music and Architecture, with Government grants of $32,000, receipts of $1,017,856, expenses of $1,039,187, endowments of $8,957,969, and volumes in its Library totalling 198,200. The affiliated Macdonald College had 344 students, of whom 77 were in the School of Agriculture, 159 in that for Teachers, and 108 in that of Household Science and of these 78 were men and 266 women. During the year McGill raised its 4th Unit for active service a draft of siege artillery; the Department of Metallurgy, through Dr. A. Stansfield and Dr. H. T. Barnes, contributed by experiments and new processes most useful service to the war authorities in nickel and magnesium discoveries and in testing various new inventions. Speaking at the Convocation of May 11 Sir Wm. Peterson referred to the closer relations established between British and French Universities by the War and declared that: 'Of German universities we have had enough and more than enough. No right-thinking English-speaking student will want to see the inside of a German university for generations to come.' On this occasion the depletion of students by the War showed in the Faculty of Arts, where out of 130 entering in 1913 only 54 had graduated, with 52 on active service; while in Applied Science 583 students had become 186; and so in Medicine with 110 undergraduates at the Front. McGill lost a prominent supporter during the year in the death of Capt. Perceval Molson, B.A., M.C., and on October 1 Sir W. Peterson told the students that "no less than 70,000 men have been supplied for the British Army by the 54 Universities of the Empire and of these McGill has sent 2,500." The enrolment at the close of the year was 320 in Arts; 164 in Applied Science; 30 in Law and 343 in Medicine. Up to May 149 McGill students had been killed in action. At the Convocation of May 11 the degree of Hon. LL.D. was conferred upon the following: Sir Cecil Spring-Rice, G.C.M.G., Washington; Sir John Kennedy, c.E., Montreal; H. S. Pritchett, President of the Carnegie Foundation, New York; Dr. W. H. Ellis of Toronto University; Prof. James Cappon of Queen's, John J. Carty of New York and Hon. F. Carter-Cotton, Vancouver. In connection with the death of Chancellor Sir W. C. Macdonald of McGill some very large bequests were announced as follows: The University of Bishop's College, Lennoxville, had 13 Professors in 1917, 50 students and 16 graduates; its Government grant was $3,500, receipts $36,016, expenses $37,792 and endowments $221,727. At Convocation on June 22 the degree of Hon. D.C.L. was conferred upon Sir P. E. Le Blanc, Lieut.-Governor; Dr. Hollis Godfrey, President Philadelphia Drexel Institute; the Lord Bishop of Ottawa (Dr. J. C. Roper); the Bishop-elect of British Honduras (Rev. E. A. Dunn, M.A.). Five degrees of M.A. and 6 of B.A. were conferred and there were 98 students, or staff members, on active service, while 15 had been killed in action. Lieut. Elton Scott, B.A., (3rd son of Rev. Canon F. G. Scott, C.M.G., D.C.L.), was chosen Rhodes Scholar for 1917. Other educational matters included the celebration by the Presbyterian College of Montreal of its 50th anniversary on October 2 and the conferring of the Hon. D.D. degree upon Principal E. I. Rexford of the Montreal Diocesan College, the Rev. W. R. Cruikshank, Montreal, Pastors Jean de Visme of Paris and Kennedy Anet of Brussels, Prof. G. Luzzi of Florence and 11 Alumni of the college as follows: Rev. J. R. MacLeod, Montreal. Rev. George Whillans, B.D., North Georgetown: Rev. Samual Rondeau, B.A., Montreal; Rev. F. H. Larkin, B.A., Seaforth; Rev. J. C. Robertson, M.A., B.D., Montreal. C. S. Fosbery, Headmaster of Lower Canada College, drew attention on December 19 to the honours won last session at the Royal Military College where this School secured the first two places and nine passes with six entrances to McGill. He added that the School had over 200 Old Boys at the Front, of whom 15 had laid down their lives, while 8 had received the Military Cross. The Montreal Congregational College on December 14 conferred an Hon. D.D. upon Rev. D. L. Ritchie of Nottingham Technical College, England and Stanstead College in June stated that 325 students were in attendance who were largely of High School age. Nova Scotia: War Service; The Government of Nova Scotia was, in 1917, Legislation; presided over by Hon. G. H. Murray who had served as its Premier for 31 years and also through 7 general elections. The War was vital to Nova Scotia during this year and Mr. Murray devoted much attention to forwarding production and to supplementing various Funds and other war-work. As he said in a Halifax speech on Jan. 5: “We have learned in this War that man for man the German is not equal to the British or the French soldier. Their strength is only in their organization. So far as the Government, the Legislature and the people of Nova Scotia are concerned, they are helping the Federal Government of Canada in all that they can do to bring victory to the Empire." The Government aided production by encouraging the purchase of agricultural machinery and authorized cities, towns and municipalities to contribute to the Patriotic and other Funds; Mr. Murray, on May 6, opened the Halifax Patriotic Fund campaign for $250,000 and described the occasion as a Vimy Ridge for local civilians; a Commission was appointed by the Government (May 29) to aid Ship-building and the Federal authorities on Sept. 5 appointed a Provincial Commission for Food Control in Nova Scotia composed of the following members: The Education Department instructed teachers and pupils to respond to the National Service and Agricultural calls of the year, allowed the schools to rank on the Municipal School Fund for pupils absent on farm-work and such pupils received a certificate entitling them to pass into the next highest grade in the school; official circulars were issued as to the matter of work, the Food service pledge, the Victory Loan, the question of a Soldiers' memorial, the preservation of records and Honour Rolls; through the Schools $5,282 was collected for Belgian and French relief funds; Dr. A. H. MacKay, Superintendent, in his call for celebration of Empire Day told the Teachers of the Province that "in stimulating thrift on every hand, and in the production of food, we will be doing what may be very shortly, if not already, work as important for the winning of the War as the making of shells, the building of ships and charging with the rifle and bayonet." The Provincial Red Cross Committee, under |