480; 30 B., 346; 23 B., 335; 22 B., 368; 21 B., 510; 18 B., 597; 9 CHAP. XL. $141. The first pleading on the part of the plaintiff, is the First pleadcomplaint. 14 B., 104; 8 Ab., 391. 142. The complaint shall contain: ing to be complaint. what to 1. The title of the cause, specifying the name of the court Complaint, in which the action is brought, the name of the county in contain. which the plaintiff desires the trial to be had, and the names of the parties to the action, plaintiff and defendant; 2. A plain and concise statement of the facts constituting a cause of action without unnecessary repetition; 3. A demand of the relief, to which the plaintiff supposes himself entitled. If the recovery of money be demanded, the amount thereof shall be stated. As amended by Laws of 1851, ch. 479. 17 N. Y., 274; 15 N. Y., 427; 14 N. Y., 342; 12 N. Y., 437, 441; 10 N. CHAPTER II. THE DEMURRER. SEC. 143. Defendant to demur or answer. 144. When the defendant may demur. 145. Demurrer must specify grounds of objection to complaint. 146. How to proceed if complaint be amended. 147. Objection not appearing on complaint may be taken by answer. 148. Objection, when deemed waived. to demur or $143. The only pleading on the part of the defendant, is Defendant either a demurrer or an answer. It must be served within answer. twenty days after the service of the copy of the complaint. 20 N. Y., 358; 4 How. P. R., 374; 3 How. P. R., 297; 10 Ab., 134; 3 $144. The defendant may demur to the complaint, when When the it shall appear upon the face thereof, either: 1. That the court has no jurisdiction of the person of the defendant, or the subject of the action; or 2. That the plaintiff has not legal capacity to sue; or 3. That there is another action pending between the same parties, for the same cause; or 4. That there is a defect of parties, plaintiff or defendant; or 5. That several causes of action have been improperly united; or 6. That the complaint does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action. 24 N. Y., 609; 17 N. Y., 274; 16 N. Y., 266; 15 N. Y., 427; 13 N. Y., defendant may demur. PART III. Demurrer must speci 359; 32 B., 220, 554; 31 B., 239; 29 B., 394; 28 B., 248, 667; 26 B., 366; 24 B. 410; 19 B., 666; 18 B., 518; 17 B., 262; 16 B, 65, 292, 465, 542; 15 B., 331; 14 B., 116; 13 B., 185, 374; 12 B., 18, 439, 520; 10 B., 151; 8 B., 124, 400, 542, 656, 667; 6 B., 57, 146; 23 How. P. R., 396; 22 How. P. R., 30; 20 How. P. R., 376; 17 How. P. R., 62, 198, 240, 488; 15 How. P. R., 501; 14 How. P. R., 185; 13 How. P. R., 360; 12 How. P. R., 134; 11 How. P. R., 216; 9 How. P. R., 123, 246, 253, 378; 8 How. P. R., 457, 512; 7 How. P. R., 5; 6 How. P. R., 257, 279, 298, 361, 380, 449; 5 How, P. R., 51, 96; 3 How. P. R., 358, 391; 13 Ab., 443; 12 Ab.. 442; 11 Ab., 234; 10 Ab., 197, 289, 436; 9 Ab., 173; 8 Ab.. 19, 232, 297, 391; 7 Ab., 65, 140; 6 Ab., 7, 112; 4 Ab., 77, 108, 203; 3 Ab., 121, 445, 452, 308; 2 Ab., 14, 404; 1 Ab., 12; 28 N. Y., 404; 45 B., 586; 43 B., 263; 40 B., 96, 319; 38 B., 622; 36 B., 44, 246; 35 B., 72; 26 How. P. R., 15, 104; 19 Ab., 355; 15 Ab., 425. $145. The demurrer shall distinctly specify the grounds fy grounds of objection to the complaint. Unless it do so, it may be of objection disregarded. It may be taken to the whole complaint, or to any of the alleged causes of action stated therein. to complaint. How to proceed if complaint be 13 N. Y., 134; 27 B., 626; 16 B., 373, 542; 14 B., 535; 7 B., 206; 10 How. P. R., 363; 8 How. P. R., 177; 7 How. P. R., 278; 6 How. P. R., 361: 5 How. P. R., 112; 4 How. P. R., 98; 6 Ab., 7; 1 Ab., 337; 26 B., 44; 15 Ab., 425. $146. If the complaint be amended, a copy thereof must be served on the defendant, who must answer it within amended. twenty days, or the plaintiff, upon filing with the clerk proof of the service, and of the defendant's omission, may proceed to obtain judgment, as provided by section 246; but where an application to the court for judgment is necessary, eight days' notice thereof must be given to the defendant. Objection not appear 13 N. Y., 134; 25 B., 168. $147. When any of the matters enumerated in section 144 ing on face do not appear upon the face of the complaint, the objection plaint may may be taken by answer. of com be taken by answer. Objection, when decm 16 N. Y., 266; 14 N. Y., 469; 13 N. Y., 134, 336; 32 B., 554; 26 B., 366; 25 B., 168; 24 B., 410; 19 B., 666: 16 B., 292, 465; 15 B., 331; 13 B., 185; 10 B., 451; 8 B., 543, 656; 8 How. P. R., 512; 6 How. P. R., 279, 449; 5 How. P. R., 5, 51, 96; 10 Ab., 134; 8 Ab., 392; 7 Ab., 140; 6 Ab., 7. 4 Ab., 108; 3 Ab., 445; 2 Ab., 152; 28 N. Y., 444; 46 B., 383; 40 B., 96; 38 B., 622; 36 B., 246; 27 How. P. R., 186, 341; 26 How. P. R., 104. $148. If no such objection be taken, either by demurrer ed waived. or answer, the defendant shall be deemed to have waived the same, excepting only the objection to the jurisdiction of the court, and the objection that the complaint does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action. 24 N. Y., 609; 20 N. Y., 358; 19 N. Y., 493; 16 N. Y., 266; 13 N. Y., 336; 12 N. Y.. 584; 7 N. Y., 464: 32 B., 554; 26 B., 366; 25 B., 168; 24 B., 410; 22 B., 371; 19 B., 186, 666; 18 B., 518; 16 B., 292; 15 B., 351; 14 B., 535; 13 B., 18; 12 B., 236; 10 B., 452; 8 B., 400, 656; 4 E. D. S., 95; 22 How. P. R., 231; 19 How. P. R., 116; 15 How. P. R., 501; 8 How. P. R., 512; 5 How. P. R., 5; 4 How. P. R., 15; 10 Ab., 134, 197, 378, 436; 6 Ab., 7; 4 Ab., 295; 3 Ab., 442, 445; 46 B., 383; 45 B., 586; 43 B., 213; 40 B., 296; 36 B., 442, 246; 31 How. P. R., 499; 27 How. P. R., 186, 341; 26 How. P. R., 15; 19 Ab., 355; 14 Ab., 289. CHAPTER III. THE ANSWER. SEO. 149. Answer, what to contain. 150. May set forth as many defenses and counter-claims as exist. 151. Demurrer as to some causes of action, and answer as to others. 152. Sham and irrelevant defenses to be stricken out. § 149. The answer of the defendant must contain: CHAP. XL 1. A general or specific denial of each material allegation of the Answer, complaint controverted by the defendant, or of any knowledge or in- what to formation thereof sufficient to form a belief; 2. A statement of any new matter constituting a defense or counter claim, in ordinary and concise language without repetition. Amended by Laws of 1852, ch. 479; 1852, ch. 392. 20 N. Y., 362; 18 N. Y., 123; 16 N. Y., 309; 12 N. Y., 17; 11 N. Y., contain. Answer § 150. The counter-claim mentioned in the last section, must be one existing in favor of a defendent, and against a plaintiff, between whom may set a several judgment might be had in the action, and arising out of one of the following causes of action: forth as many defenses and counter exist. 1. A cause of action arising out of the contract or transaction set claims as forth in the complaint, as the foundation of the plaintiff's claim, or connected with the subject of the action; 2. In an action arising on contract, any other cause of action arising also on contract, and existing at the commencement of the action. The defendant may set forth by answer, as many defenses and counter-claims as he may have, whether they be such as have been heretofore denominated legal or equitable, or both. They must each be separately stated, and refer to the causes of action which they are intended to answer, in such manner that they may be intelligibly distinguished. As amended by Laws of 1852, ch. 392. 20 N. Y., 362; 15 N. Y., 379; 14 N. Y., 90. 469; 13 N. Y., 252; 12 N. Demurrer as to some 8151. The defendant may demur to one or more of several causes causes of of action stated in the complaint, and answer the residue. 4 E. D. S., 95; 5 Ab., 60; 1 Ab., 337. action, and answer as to others. irrelevant § 152. Sham and irrelevant answers and defenses may be stricken out Sham and on motion and upon such terms as the court may in their discretion defenses to impose. As amended by Laws of 1851, ch. 479. 23 N. Y.. 163; 27 B, 632; 15 B., be stricken 16; 2 Hilt., 475; 22 Пow. P. R., 8, 345; 30 N. Y., 668; 19 Ab., 262, out. 291; 21 How. P. R., 442, 443, 475; 18 How. P. R., 240; 15 How. P. R. PART IIL Reply, when to be what to contain, 186, 329, 371; 14 How. P. R., 406; 11 How. P. R., 398; 10 How. P. R., 128, 455; 9 How. P. R., 48. 215, 216, 217; 8 How. P. R., 274; 7 How. P. R., 60, 484; 6 How. P. R., 312, 355, 475; 5 How. P. R., 247; 13 Ab., 311, 354; 11 Ab., 418, 435; 9 Ab., 27; 3 Ab., 3; 1 Ab., 42. CHAPTER IV. THE REPLY. SEC. 153. Reply, when to be put in, and what to contain. 154. When defendant may move for judgment upon an answer. 155. Demurrer to reply. $153. When the answer contains new matter, constituting and a counter-claim, the plaintiff may, within twenty days, reply to such new matter, denying generally or specifically each allegation controverted by him, or any knowledge or information thereof sufficient to form a belief; and he may allege, in ordinary and concise language, without repetition, any new matter not inconsistent with the complaint, constituting a defense to such new matter in the answer; and the plaintiff may, in all cases, demur to an answer containing new matter, where upon its face it does not constitute a counter-claim or defense; and the plaintiff may demur to one or more of such defenses or counter-claims, and reply to the residue of the counter-claims. And in other cases, when an answer contains new matter, constituting a defense by way of avoidance, the court may, in its discretion, on the defendant's motion, require a reply to such new matter; and in that case the reply shall be subject to the same rules as a reply to a counterclaim. defendant for judg Amended by laws of 1851, ch. 479; 1852, ch. 392; 1855, ch. 44; 1857, ch. 723; 1860, ch. 459. 13 N. Y., 252; 30 B., 346; 22 B., 152; 18 B., 597; 15 B., 187; 14 B., 535; 8 B., 440; 7 B., 88; 13 Ab., 312; 11 Ab., 435; 10 Ab., 363, 371; 9 Ab., 40, 123; 6 Ab., 76; 4 Ab., 247; 3 Ab., 323; 1 Ab., 48; 23 How. P. R., 105, 259; 18 How. P. R., 83; 16 How. P. R., 34; 13 How. P. R., 102; 10 How. P. R., 69, 80, 148; 9 How. P. R., 145, 246, 356, 481, 488; 8 How. P. R., 9, 122, 146, 205, 234, 237; 7 How. P. R., 57, 433; 6 How. P. R., 159, 257, 298, 435; 4 How. P. R., 413; 35 N. Y., 338; 30 N. Y., 668; 37 B., 131; 19 Ab., 38, 98, 262; 30 How. P. R., 2. When S 154. If the answer contain a statement of new matter may move constituting a counter claim, and the plaintiff fail to reply or ment upon demur thereto within the time prescribed by law, the defendant may move on a notice of not less than ten days for such judgment as he is entitled to upon such statement, and if the case require it, a writ of inquiry of damages may be issued. answer. Demurrer to reply. Amended by Laws of 1863, ch. 392. 18 B., 597; 22 How. P. R., 290; 9 How. P. R., 481, 488; 8 How. P. R., 205; 6 How. P. R., 50; 5 How. P. R., 146; 12 Ab., 13; 2 Ab., 152; 1 Ab., 48; 19 Ab., 98; 29 How. P. R., 439. S 155. If a reply of the plaintiff to any defense set up by the answer of the defendant be insufficient, the defendant may demur thereto, and shall state the grounds thereof. 13 N. Y., 28; 14 B., 535; 11 How. P. R., 36; 7 How. P. R., 433; 6 How. P. R., 21. CHAPTER V. GENERAL RULES OF PLEADING. BEC. 156. Pleadings to be subscribed, and when to be verified. 157. Verification of pleadings. 158. How to state an account in pleading. 159. Pleadings to be liberally construed. 160. Irrelevant or redundant matter to be stricken out. 161. Judgment, how to be pleaded. 162. Conditions precedent, how to be pleaded. 163. Private statutes, how to be pleaded. 164. Libel and slander, how stated in complaint. 165. Answer in such cases. 166. In actions to recover property distrained for damage, answer need not set forth title. 167. What causes of action may be joined in the same action. 168. Allegation not denied, when to be deemed true. CHAP. XL. to be sub $156. Every pleading in a court of record must be sub- Pleadings scribed by the party, or his attorney, and when any pleading scribed, is verified, every subsequent pleading, except a demurrer, verification must be verified also. As amended by Laws of 1851, ch. 479. 12 How. P. R., 398; 7 How. P. R., 8'; 3 How. P. R., 265; 10 Ab., 70; and when required. tion of $157. The verification must be to the effect that the same Verificais true to the knowledge of the person making it except as to pleadings. those matters stated on information and belief, and as to those matters he believes it to be true, and must be by the affidavit of the party, or if there be several parties united in interest, and pleading together, by one at least of such parties acquainted with the facts, if such party be within the county where the attorney resides, and capable of making the affidavit. The affidavit may also be made by the agent or attorney, if the action or defense be founded upon a written instrument for the payment of money only, and such instrument be in the possession of the agent or attorney, or if all the material allegations of the pleading be within the personal knowledge of the agent or attorney. When the pleading is verified by any other person than the party, he shall set forth in the affidavit his knowledge, or the grounds of his belief on the subject, and the reasons why it is not made by the party. When a corporation is a party, the verification may be made by any officer thereof; and when the state or any officer thereof in its behalf is a party, the verification may be made by any person acquainted with the facts. The verification may be omitted when an admission of the truth of the allegation might subject the party to prosecution for felony. And no pleading can be used in a criminal prosecution against the party, as proof of a fact admitted or alleged in such pleading. As amended by Laws of 1851, ch. 479. 7 N. Y., 480; 8 B., 77; 18 How. P. R., 149; 15 How. P. R., 397; 14 |