AMERICA.

"to apologize for various shortcomings, suet. as conniving at smuggling, the infliction penalties on dissidents in religion, and the restrie- tion of the franchise to church members, and . : promise amendment." They were "to protes against any attempt to introduce a system & appeal to the home government," and were t plead insufficient powers if any attack was made upon the charter or the constitution.

Rousby, the tax collector, was slain in MARY LAND, by an adherent of Lord Baltimore, wi was censured by the Privy Council and threatene with the loss of his charter.

William Penn, the son of Admiral Penn wh! had captured JAMAICA, obtained from Charles II the grant of the territory lying between MARYLAN and NEW JERSEY. Within the first year twent two vessels took out 2,000 Colonists, and in thre years' time Philadelphia was a town of 600 houses

M. de la Barre was appointed by Louis XIV. as "Governor of Canada, Acadia, & Newfoundland" in place of De Frontenac.

A writ of quo warranto was issued from t Court of King's Bench summoning MASS CHUSETTS to appear on behalf of its charte The Government of Massachusetts empower Robert Humphreys to act as their counsel.

Colonel Thomas Dongan was appoint Governor of New York, and announced that th proprietor had sanctioned the election of Council and an Assembly.

In June a decree was issued from the Co of Chancery, to which the proceedings agai MASSACHUSETTS had been transferred, annuli the charter of the Colony.

Lord Howard of Effingham replaced Lot.. Culpepper as Governor of VIRGINIA.

The charter of the Bermudian Company London was annulled, and since then the Gove nors of the BERMUDAS have always been appoint by the Crown.

A census of BARBADOS was taken, and show there were 20,000 white people, and 46,000 slave

De la Barre, Governor of CANADA, inform the Governor of New York that Senecas & Cayugas (two of the Five Nations known to French as Iroquois) had attacked Fort Fronteaand asked that the Colonists of New York sho not furnish arms and ammunition to those trile He advanced to Fort Frontenac, made an minious peace with the Indians, and in consequence removed from his post

Louis XIV.

:

The crops gathered by the burghers at the CAPE were so abundant that grain was for the first time exported from the settlement, a small quantity being sent to India.

At this date, the evils resulting from the officials of the Dutch East India Company supplementing their salaries by private trade had become so gross that the Assembly of Seventeen appointed a commission of three members to examine into their affairs in India and the East. The chief commissioner was Hendrik van Rheede tot Drakenstein, who was endowed with the fullest power and authority.

The English were driven out of Java by the 1684 Dutch.

Sir John Child was appointed "Captain General and Admiral of India," and Sir John Wyborne "Vice-Admiral and Deputy Governor of Bombay."

EUROPE.

James II. King of England (1685-1688). Revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV.

Peace prevailing between England and France, negotiations took place in London, which resulted in a treaty being signed (16th November) by Barillon, the French ambassador, and by the English ministers, Rochester, Sunderland, Middleton, and Godolphin. By this treaty it was provided that the domain each power held in America should be maintained in its full extent. No aid was to be given to the Indians on either side. Neither should carry on trade in the geographical limits claimed by the other; if war broke out between the powers in Europe, peace should yet be observed in America.

AMERICA.

M. de Denonville was appointed Governor of CANADA, and French troops were sent by Louis XIV. to assist in controlling the Iroquois. He proposed to build a stone fort at Niagara, on the southern shore of Lake Ontario, to hinder English Colonists from reaching the upper lakes, and to restrain the Iroquois. He also recommended that Louis XIV. should purchase New York from James II.

Two ships from Quebec captured a vessel' belonging to the Hudson's Bay Company in Hudson's Straits, and took her and her crew to Quebec.

Randolph drew up and submitted to the Privy Council formal charges against CONNECTICUT and RHODE ISLAND, alleging that they had passed Acts contrary to the laws of England, and had violated the Acts of Trade.

A French force from Montreal marched over land and captured the three forts of the Hudson's Bay Company situate on James' Bay.

The French settlements in Acadia contained 858 inhabitants, of whom 600 dwelt in and about Port Royal.

In May James II. vested the government c MASSACHUSETTS, MAINE, and NEW HAMPSHIRE in a President, a Deputy-President, and a Council of Sixteen, who were to meet at Boster three times a year to conduct the affairs of the Colonies, but were precluded from making laws or imposing taxes. No provision was made fc: giving the people a voice in their own affairs by means of a representative Assembly. Joseph Dudley, of Massachusetts, the first President. was soon superseded by Sir Edmund Andros who was commissioned as Governor. PLYMOUTE was also included in his jurisdiction; an authority was vested in him and his Courel (vacancies in which were to be filled by the King) to levy taxes, to administer the finances and to make laws, which were to be ratified by the Crown. Andros was also empowered * grant land upon quit-rents.

[Doyle, "Puritan Colonies," ii. 301-305.] RHODE ISLAND made formal submission to the King.

M. de Denonville, Governor of CANADA, the head of 1,600 French troops and Canadia militia, defeated the Seneca Indians, and ravag their country. He built Fort Niagara to hinde the English from reaching the Upper Lakes Canada, and to hold the Iroquois in check. I retaliation the Iroquois attacked Montreal at Fort Frontenac.

YEAR.

AFRICA.

The High Commissioner (Drakenstein), on his way to the East, enlarged the governing body at the CAPE, "the Council of Policy," so as to consist of eight members, viz., the commander as president, the secunde, the two military officers of highest rank, the fiscal, the treasurer, the chief salesman, and the garrison book-keeper. He placed Stellenbosch under a landdrost, who was also to supervise the Company's farms and out-stations. He also granted to the government officers land to farm, and permitted them to sell their produce to the Company on the same terms as the burghers. Van der Stel selected a farm at Wynberg, which he named Constantia. When the High Commissioner had sailed for India, Van der Stel set out on a journey of exploration to Namaqualand.

To stimulate settlement at the CAPE, the Directors of the Dutch Company offered free passages and free grants of land to emigrants from the Netherlands, requiring them to take an oath of allegiance to the States General, to the Prince of Orange, and to the East India Company. They also sent out small parties of girls from the orphan homes of Amsterdam and Rotterdam, who were married to the most prosperous of the Cape burghers.

At the new settlement of Stellenbosch, a yearly fair was established in October, during which the drilling of the militia took place.

The Council of Policy passed a resolution calling upon all persons to produce their titledeeds and leases to be copied into "a strong book, and authenticated by the Secretary. "From this date a record of titles has been kept," but as "title-deeds were never issued until the ground was properly surveyed, and this was sometimes delayed thirty years after it was allotted. . . . the records are nearly valueless as a means of tracing the progress of immigration."

[Theal, "History of South Africa," i. 322, 331.]

ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA.

The London East India Company transferred 1685 the seat of the Presidency of Western India from Surat to Bombay, in consequence of the exactions of the Mogul Governors. Two squadrons were sent from England; the one to cut off the Mogul ships trading with Surat, and the other to operate against the Nawab of Bengal, who had arrested and scourged Mr. Job Charnock, the English Governor of the settlements in Bengal.

[Talboys Wheeler, "History of India," Part ii., cap. vii.]

The English ships operating off Surat captured 1686 cargoes belonging to Mogul subjects valued at a million sterling. The inhabitants of Surat suffered so much from the blockade that Aurungzebe sent officers to consider the grievances complained of by the English.

Sir John Child was appointed GovernorGeneral, with full power to make war or peace in India, and was ordered to secure the safety of the Company's possessions in Madras and Bengal.

Mr. Job Charnock retired from the unfortified factory at Hooghly to Chuttanuttee, whence an English squadron conveyed him, his Council, and all the Company's merchants and goods to Madras.

A new settlement of farmers along the Berg River was formed by Commander van der Stel, and named Drakenstein.

Simon's Bay was surveyed, and named after Van der Stel.

1687

AMERICA.

Having received authority from England, as Governor of New York, to protect the Iroquois, Colonel Dongan, deeming the attack upon the Senecas to be injurious to English colonial interests, invited the Iroquois to unite with the Ottawas, and to bring their trade to Albany.

A writ of quo warranto was applied for agains: the charter of CONNECTICUT; and Governor Andros himself went to Hartford and demanded its surrender. Although the charter was hidde away, the government of the Colony was merged in that of the rest of the New England Colonies by Andros.

The Duke of Albemarle became Governor of JAMAICA, and attempted to govern arbitrary but died soon after his appointment.

Although the population of CANADA was near! 12,000, the Iroquois were so daring that t French were only safe when within their fors They made an unsuccessful attempt to conclu a peace with the Indians. At the same time they encouraged the Abenaki Indians in the attacks upon the scattered settlements in the north of MAINE and NEW HAMPSHIRE, WE nearly 200 English settlers were slain.

Some resistance having been offered at a tow meeting in MASSACHUSETTS to the taxation inposed by Andros and his Council, town meetings were limited to one a year, and the Colonists wer thus deprived of their last show of independere

By a Royal Commission Sir Edmund Andres was appointed Governor of the whole of th English Colonies from the St. Croix to the Dela ware, including all the New England Colonies New York, and New Jersey, but owing to t change of government in England the n "dominion at once fell to pieces.

In VIRGINIA and MARYLAND the accession William and Mary was received with tra quillity.

In MASSACHUSETTS Sir Edmund Andres was seized by the Colonists, who declared th their former government was restored to the by the fall of James II.

The French planters in St. Kitts drove o the English Colonists.

In revenge for the French attack upon t Senecas, the Iroquois surprised the settleme at Lachine and massacred 200 inhabitants.

Louis XIV. appointed De Frontenac Governor of CANADA, with instructions: seize Albany, on the Hudson River, and attack New York, which had but four or f hundred inhabitants.