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to the immense sacrifices of this country that the peninsula has more than once owed its salvation; and should the government arbitrarily assume to itself this right, would it have the means of effecting this separation without exposing to new calamities people who are just beginning to regain their habitations, and to hope for that repose which the Morea enjoys from the protection and services of the allied powers? It is not in their power, either by persuasion or force, to obtain such a result.

"The inhabitants of the provinces would answer them, that the third article of the treaty of the 6th of July, and the clause of the demarcation contained in the protocol of the 22d March, encourage them to hope that the justice and magnanimity of the august allies. will not abandon them, and that it would be an abandonment without redemption to constrain them to quit the defensible positions they now occupy.

"They will answer in short, that the experience of their long calamities obliges them to be unshaken in the resolution never to quit their native soil, or the ruins which they defend with arms in their hands, except under the influence of superior force. In the number of the positions which they have occupied latterly, are Vonizza, Lepanto, Missolonghi, and Anatolico. The Mussulmans who composed the garrisons of these places, being completely left to themselves by their government, and deprived of external resources by the blockade of their coasts, have themselves, demanded to return to their own country. This retreat, far from giving occasion to bloodshed and other miseries, has been effected

under the safeguard of conventions, which demonstrate the moderate and pacific views of the Greek government, and which deserve the confidence which they inspire in the Mussulmans themselves. The let ters which the commandant of the castle of Romelia and the pacha of Lepanto addressed to us at the time of the evacuation of these garrisons, furnish an irrefragable proof of this fact.

"In this state of things, it is not impossible that the feeble garrison of Athens, and of the two or three other places included in the demarcation laid down in the protocol of the 22d of March, may follow the example of the garrisons of western Greece.

"By such results the Greek government would have contributed, as far as its feeble means allow, to the success of the negotiations with which, in the names of the three courts, the plenipotentiaries of England and France, who are going to Constantinople, have been intrusted.

"Independently of these observa. tions, there are others which it is the duty of the Greek government to submit to the consideration of the allied courts on the different articles of the protocol of the 22d of March, and especially on those which relate to the indemnity of the sovereignty.

"Feeling it right to lose no time in transmitting to Mr. Dawkins the present note, it reserves to itself to make at a future time some observations on the points above menioned. The Greek government entreats Mr. Dawkins to communicate this answer to his court, and in our own capacity we offer to him the assurance of our distinguished consideration.

"Egina, 11 (23) May, 1829."

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Protocol of the conference held in London at the office of foreign affairs, on the 22d of March, 1829.

Present, the plenipotentiaries of Great Britain, France, and Russia. Immediately after their arrival the plenipotentiaries of France and England will open with the govern. ment of the Ottoman Porte, and in the name of the three allied courts, a negotiation founded on the treaty of the 6th of July, 1827, respecting the pacification and future organization of Greece. It is well understood that each of the three courts reserves for itself the right of weigh ing the value of the objections which the Porte may make to the propositions addressed to it in fulfil. ment of the present protocol; and that, should those objections induce the courts to present other propositions, they would yet endeavour to come to a determination on the question of fixing, as promptly as possible, the limits of the continent and the isles of Greece.

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It will be proposed to the Porte that the frontiers of continental Greece should extend to the mouth of the gulph of Volo, along the reverse of Ofthy mountains, up to the western point of Agrapha, where those mountains form their junction with the chain of Pindus. that point the frontier will edge the valley of Aspro-Potamos as far as Leontelos, which remains part of the Turkish territory. It will then pass through the chain of the Macri. noros mountains, and the river which bears that name, and which, coming from the plain of Arta, throws itself into the sea through the Ambracian gulf.

All the countries south of this line will form part of the new state of Greece. The islands in the neigh

bourhood of the Morea,that of Euboea or Negropont, and the isles known under the name of Cyclades, will also belong to that state.

Tribute. It will be proposed to the Porte, in the name of the three courts, that Greece do pay her an. nual tribute of 1,500,000 Turkish piastres. The rate of the Turkish piastre shall be settled at once, that it may never be taken for the high Spanish piastre.

In consequence of the present poverty of Greece, it will be agreed that, from the moment when the pay. ment of the tribute shall commence, the first year, there shall not be paid more than one third, or less than one fifth of this sum of 1,500,000 Turkish piastres, and that this proposition shall be raised from year to year until the fourth, when the maximum of 1,500,000 shall be paid. At the expiration of these four years Greece shall pay the whole tribute annually, without any diminution or augmentation.

Indemnity. It will be proposed to the Porte that the indemnity men. tioned in the second article of the treaty of July 6th, be determined and settled in the following manner.

1st. The Mussulman (private individuals) proprietors of estates on the newly constituted Greek territory.

2dly. The Mussulman (private individuals) who, in the capacity of tenants or hereditary administractors, have an interest in the Vacuf. Sady, of mosques on lands formerly Turkish, deduction being made of the amount of the impost levied on that Vacuf.

Both these classes of Mussulmen, whose claims shall have been recognised as valid, shall be bound to proceed themselves to the sale of their property, within the space of a year.

with a proper reserve for the amount of the debts secured upon those estates. If within that time sales Cannot be effected, commissaries shall be appointed to estimate the value of the unsold lands; and when once that value shall have been as. certained and fixed, the Greek go. vernment shall give to the proprie. tors or heirs, whose claims and rights shall have been established, bills upon the state, payable at periods agreed upon.

The verifications of the titles and debts, and the appraisement of the estates to be sold, shall be made by a commission composed in equal num bers of Mussulmans and Greeks. It will be authorized to do justice to every claim, and to pronounce upon every case submitted for its consideration, and on the losses experienced by the claimants during the revolution.

In order to prevent all difficulties and differences which might arise between the commissioners of the two nations, with respect to the above mentioned operations, to abridge and facilitate liquidation, and to arrive at a prompt and universally convenient settlement, a court of appeal shall be formed, and a tribunal of revision, composed of commis. sioners from the three allied courts, who shall decide in the cases in which the Greek and Mussulman commissioners shall not be able to agree.

Suzerainete.-Greece, under the suzerainete of the Ottoman Porte, shall possess that internal adminis. tration best suited to her wants, and best calculated to secure to her liberty of conscience, of worship, and trade, and the enjoyment of property and peace. For this purpose the administration of Greece shall assume, as nearly as possible, a monarchical form, and shall be intrust

ed to a Christian chief or prince, whose authority shall be hereditary in the order of primogeniture.

In no case shall the choice of this chief fall on the family of any of the three courts parties to the treaty of 6th of July. It shall be agreed in common between them and the Ottoman Porte.

To secure to the Porte the stability of the tribute allowed her by the present treaty, every chief shall receive the investiture of his dignity from her, and at his accession shall pay her the additional tribute of a year. Should the reigning branch be extinguished, the Porte shall take the same part in the nominations of a new chief as she did in that of the first.

Amnesty and right of departure. The Ottoman Porte will proclaim full and entire amnesty, in order that in future no Greek may be called to account, in the whole extent of her empire, for having taken part in the Greek insurrection. On its side the Greek government shall grant the same security, within the limits of its territory, to every Greek or Mussulman of the contrary side.

The Porte will allow a whole year to any of his subjects who may wish to leave her empire to settle in Greece, for the purpose of selling their property. They shall be permitted to depart freely. Greece will insure the same facility and the same period for the sale of their property to the Greeks, who will prefer returning under Mussulman domination.

The commercial relations be. tween Turkey and Greece shall be settled as soon as the articles specified in the present protocol shall have been reciprocally adopted.

The ambassadors of France and England shall claim from the Ottoman Porte the continuance of the

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truce which the Reis Effendi stated existed de facto on the part of the Turks towards the Greeks, in his address to the representatives of the allied powers in the Archipelago, dated the 10th of Sept. 1828.

At the same time the three allied courts having decided upon the step which they take in opening fresh negotiations at Constantinople, with the sole view of settling the fate of the Greeks, shall claim from the provisional government of Greece the cessation of hostilities on every point, and the return of the Greek troops within the line of the limits described in the foregoing proposi. tion, without, however, any detri. ment to the future boundaries of Greece.

As soon as the preceding disposi. tions shall have been agreed to by the Porte, their execution shall be placed, conformably with the sixth article of the treaty of the 6th of July, under the guaranty of the three powers by whom the treaty was sigued, and the rest will become the object of ampler stipulations between the three allied courts, as declared in the pre-recited article.

Let it be understood that from the present instant the guaranty of the Greek state now about to be formed is insured by the three powers against all hostile enterprise on the part of Turkey against the Greeks.

The ambassadors of France and England shall reject all dispositions which might militate against this fixed basis.

Although Russia, while adhering to these dispositions, be not represented at Constantinople by any in. dividual invested with special pow. ers, it is understood that the negotia. tion will be carried on in her name

as in the name of France and Eng. land; that all the articles shall be debated and agreed to in common by the three courts, and that under no pretence whatever shall any thing be acceded to which might tend to exclude Russia from the negotiation or its results.

The ambassadors of France and England shall employ every means in their power to attain, in the shortest period possible, the acces. sion of the Porte to the propositions which they are authorized to make to her. They will require from the Ottoman government a prompt and decisive answer.

The official documents, to which the present negotiation may give rise, shall be drawn up in common by the two ambassadors in the name of the three powers; a triple copy shall be signed, and one shall be forwarded to each of the contracting parties.

The basis of the present protocol shall serve as instructions for the two ambassadors in their negotia. tions which they are to open with the Porte.

The plenipotentiary of his ma. jesty the emperor of Russia has formally declared, on the part of his sovereign, that he has been authori. zed to negotiate with the Turkish go. vernment on all the points making part of the present protocol, and the plenipotentiaries of England and France have announced that in order to attain the end in view, the repres sentatives of their courts at the Ottoman Porte considered themselves authorized to negociate, without any other formalities, in the name of his majesty the emperor of Russia, as in the names of their respective sovereigns, and will for that purpose immediately repair to Constantino

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TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

In the name of God Almighty!His imperial majesty, the most high and most mighty emperor and autocrat of all the Russias, and his highness the most high and most mighty emperor of the Ottomans, animated with an equal desire to put an end to the calamities of war, and to establish, on a solid and immutable basis, peace, friendship, and good harmony between their empires, have resolved, with a common accord, to intrust this salutary work to, &c. [Here follow the names and titles of the different plenipotentiaries on both sides.]

ARTICLE I.-All enmity and all differences which have subsisted hitherto between the two empires shall cease from this day, as well on land as on sea, and there shall be in perpetuity peace, friendship, and good intelligence, between his majesty the emperor and padishah of all the Russias, and his highness the padishah of the Ottomans, their heirs and successors to the throne, as well as between their respective empires. The two high contracting parties will devote their particular attention to prevent all that might cause misunderstandings to revive between their respective subjects. They will scrupulously fulfil all the conditions of the present treaty of peace, and will watch, at the same time, lest it should be infringed in any manner, directly or indirectly. ARTICLE II. His majesty the emperor and padishah of all the Russias, wishing to give to his

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highness the emperor and padishah of the Ottomans a pledge of the sincerity of his friendly disposition, restores to the Sublime Porte the principality of Moldavia, with all the boundaries which it had before the commencement of the war to which this present treaty has put an end.

His imperial majesty also restores the principality of Wallachia, the Banat of Crayova, Bulgaria, and the country of Dobridge, from the Danube as far as the sea, together with Silistria, Hirsova, Matzia, Isakiya, Toulza, Babadag, Bazard. jik; Varna, Pravedy, and the other towns, burghs, and villages, which it contains, the whole extent of the Balkan, from Emine Bouroun as far as Kazan, and all the country from the Balkans as far as the sea, with Siliminea, Jomboli, Aidos, Karnabat, Missanovica, Akhioly, Bourgas, Sizopolis, Kirkkilissi, the city of Adrianople, Lule Bourgas, and all the towns, burghs, and villages, and in general all places which the Russian troops have occupied in Roumelia.

ARTICLE III. The Pruth shall continue to form the limit of the two empires, from the point where the river touches the territory of Moldavia to its junction with the Danube; from that spot the frontier line will follow the course of the Danube as far as the mouth of St. George's, so that, leaving all the islands formed by the different arms of that river, in possession of Russia, the right bank shall remain, as formerly, in the possession of the Ottoman Porte. Nevertheless, it is agreed that this right bank shall remain uninhabited from the point where the arm of the St. George separates itself from that of Souline, to a distance

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