the strike and special assistance rolls is given. The local books indicate that $492.05 was paid in strike benefits and $75 disbursed for special assistance. The reports to the International Union show $1,975.50 in strike benefits and $1,109.20 to have been paid to those members. In no instance do the amounts reported as paid correspond to the amounts actually paid. A table is given showing a detailed monthly statement of Stevenson's shortage and Hudspeth's "petty" expenses from the inception of the eight-hour strike, January I, 1906, to April, 1908, the figures of the former being those of the expert accountants who examined the secretary's books. The totals are: Stevenson's shortage, $6,207.36; Hudspeth's petty expenses (he being in absolute control of affairs and the "petty" drawn at his direction), $3,957.80. Owing to the disappearance of the petty cash book, it was found impossible to arrive at a conclusion of what the legitimate expenses in that account would be. Accordingly, we quote the International representative on this subject: Now, as far as the investigation goes and the agreement reached with the officers is concerned, No. 17 owes the International Typographical Union $3,660.20. But there are extenuating circumstances in connection with the situation here which, if it is within the province of the council, I would be glad to see taken into account. For instance, Hudspeth, to the shame of the International Typographical Union, was an organizer during most of this trouble, and took advantage of that position in misleading the rank and file of the membership. It is hardly likely that he would have been able to successfully practice his deception for so long a time, and loot, in conjunction with Stevenson, the finances of the union to such an extent, if he had held the single position of president of No. 17. For example, when there was a disposition manifested for him to go to work in the early part of 1907 the membership had no means of knowing that he was lying when he announced that he had a telegram from the president of the International Typographical Union instructing him to continue on salary as the manager of the strike. He went further and made a grandstand play by dramatically announcing that the International Typographical Union allowed him $35 a week, $7 of which he put in the treasury of the union and only accepted the pay he would receive if working at the trade. Had he not been an organizer he might have concocted some crooked means whereby he would have misled the membership, but he could not have done it in the way he did as an or ganizer. He never made any reports to the union of the money sent No. 17 by the International Typographical Union after the Hot Springs convention directed that all moneys collected on account of the assessment should be sent to Indianapolis and checked out from there as needed by the unions on strike, and it is possible that a closer scrutiny of the financial transactions might have been made by some of the members had they not felt that he was responsible to the International Typographical Union in a great measure for his actions at least after the statement he made above referred to. Another and a very serious condition exists here that I would be pleased to have the council take into consideration in making a settlement with No. 17. The union is broke. The statement for last month shows a deficit on hand of $83.44. Stevenson is yet to be prosecuted, and it is not at all unlikely that criminal proceedings will be instituted against Hudspeth. A special assessment, consequently—it is now 2 per cent-appears to be staring the membership in the face regardless of the settlement. Therefore, if the council has any option in the matter, I would recommend that all the expenditures from the money allowed No. 17 on account of the eight-hour fight between January 1, 1906, and July 6, 1907, including all of the amounts charged to petty, except $20 a month, which appears to be the average for strictly local purposes, be included in the settlement. No. 17 would then owe the International Typographical Union $2,545.20. It had in its treasury at the time the International Typographical Union ceased sending money here or after the time all bills on account of the eight-hour fight were paidthat much money belonging to the International, irrespective of the legitimacy of the expenditures. A short while after that time the campaign for International Typographical Union officers came on, and while Hudspeth continued on salary until May 22, 1908, and kept up his raids on the treasury through the petty route until April, when Mr. Breen took charge of the secretary's office and these expenditures suddenly dropped to normal, he devoted his time to his political interests, acting as his own campaign manager a good portion of the time at $30 per week, which was paid by the union. No member of No. 17 could reasonably feel that the International Typographical Union was in any way responsible for Hudspeth's acts after the discontinuance of the money on July 6, 1907, as the secretary, treasurer and finance committee, if no others, knew that the money came out of the local treasury with which to pay him after that time, as well as the amounts he drew as petty. If they did not know it there can be no valid excuse for their ignorance on this point. During the investigation the following members of No. 17, who had either served on committees, held office or were presumed to know of the condition of the union's financial affairs, were examined by Organizer Parsons, and their testimony is given in full in the report: T. P. White, What We Are Doing William McKnight, G. W. Wilson, Ben Edwards, J. J. Tucker, N. T. Markey, C. V. Fiersol, C. P. Manning, A. J. Taylor, W. A. Sibilsky, John Knox, T. J. O'Hara, R. A. Hart, R. Gautier, E. J. Madden, H. E. Burke, Oscar Schumert, J. J. Costello, Jules Hountha, Dan Donellan, H. F. Massie, F. C. Philippe, jr., A. H. Rivas, William Kyle, A. J. Dickerson, G. M. Capers, R. L. Villemain, A. L. Ray, Edward L. Jauchler, E. C. Dement, E. H. Copeland, C. F. Bense, W. H. Freel, C. A. Eastman, A. L. Shean, E. H. Rivas, J. N. Breen, A. J. Winnifree, J. L. Ebaugh, W. F. Scheyd, G. G. Norris, H. C. Carlson, G. H. Dale, E. S. Hay, James Newman, B. Wall and Joseph O'Neil. A stenographic report of the testimony of H. S. Hudspeth is also included in the document submitted by Organizer Parsons. The report submitted by the International representative in this case is of too voluminous a nature to be published in THE TYPOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL, as it includes a vast amount of verbatim testimony of witnesses, and comprises a volume of more than half the size of this magazine. ONE of the greatest improvements that has been made to the Lanston Monotype is the low-quad mold. This invention makes it possible to run matter from a keyboard ribbon for low quads and spaces for letterpress work, and then, without any change whatever in the matrix case or casting, to put the same ribbon through the caster again and cast it with high quads and spaces. An especially good feature of the low-quad arrangement is the fact that Monotype quads are so perfect in hight that they present an exactly uniform surface upon which cuts may be mounted, avoiding the use of blocks and saving the time of fitting in cuts. The keyboard operator sets the matter around the cut, and, after the type and quads are cast, the cut is fastened to the quads. The Monotype company states that almost every man who owns a Monotype has dared them to perfect a mold of this character, and the announcement of their success along this line will create a vast amount of interest among users of the composing machine.—[Advt. STEUBENVILLE (OHIO) UNION No. 238 has secured a new agreement which provides for increases in the minimum scale, as follows: Book and job and ad men, from $14 to $17 per week; machine operators, from $18 to $19; foremen, from $18 to $19. Lancaster Union No. 238 has renewed its former agreement with the two daily papers in that city for another year. Organizer Max S. Hayes assisted both local unions throughout the negotiations. ON January 1, last, a new scale took effect in all offices under the jurisdiction of Traverse City (Mich.) Union No. 362, every newspaper and job office proprietor signing the agreement. The minimum scale for machinist-operators is $18 per week; operators, $16; foremen, $16; book and job and ad and floor men, $12. Work on morning papers consists of seven hours, at the same rate as day work. With but few exceptions, it is said that the members of No. 362 are paid in excess of the minimum scale. A FIVE-YEAR contract has been signed by the publishers of St. Joseph, Mo.-the 1909 golden jubilee convention city-and Typographical Union No. 40, which carries with it a substantial increase in wages. Under the agreement an immediate increase of 60 cents per week is granted to all employes of the composing room; from January 1, 1910, to January 1, 1911, the increase is to be 90 cents per week additional, making the final advance $1.50 for the last three years of the contract. Day foremen are increased from $24 to $27 per week, and night foremen from $27 to $30. This will bring the minimum scale up to $22.50 LATE in January Organizer Maloney visited Manchester, N. H., and secured the signature of every employer in the city to a contract covering the period between January 25, 1909, and January 1,1910. The new scale provides for an increase in wages of $1.50 a week for machine operators, ad and floor men on evening papers, and for all book and job men. UNDER date of February 5, H. A. Allen, secretary of No. 384, writes: "I am glad to be able to say that Montpelier Union No. 384, the charter of which was surrendered some two years ago, has taken a new lease of life, having reorganized with a charter membership of sixteen. Secretary Menard, of the Vermont State Federation of Labor, co-operated with Organizer Maloney in effecting our organization, and has been of great assistance to us in getting started." HENDERSON (KY.) UNION No. 493 has secured two-year contracts with the employers of that city which provide for a substantial increase in wages. The new scale is as follows: Job foremen, $16.50 per week, an increase of $1.50; newspaper foremen, $14 for day work, an increase of $1.50; night foremen, $15, no increase; journeymen, $13.50, an increase of $1.50; machinist-operators, $19.50, an increase of $1.50; operators, night work, $16, an increase of $1; operators, day work, $14, an increase of $2. All overtime is price and onehalf. AFTER a long and bitter struggle on the eighthour battlefield in Richmond, Va., we have at last secured a most important office-the Hermitage Press. Negotiations covered several weeks, and were participated in by President Lynch, Organizer Parsons, and representatives of the local union. A contract was finally signed early last month. The Hermitage Press does considerable of the printing for the B. F. Johnson Publishing Company, and the unionizing of the office will place the textbook company in a position to use the label. The Oklahoma state requirement of the union label on its textbooks had much to do with bringing about the adjustment with the Hermitage Press. AN increase in scale of from $1 to $3 per week has been secured by Grand Forks (N. D.) Union No. 311. The book and job scale was raised from $15 to $18 per week; ad and floor men on evening papers, from $15 to $18; day operators, from $19 to $21; day foremen, from $22 to $24. The night scale for ad and floor men was advanced from $18 to $21 per week; operators, from $22 to $23, and foremen, from $25 to $27. T. F. Thomas, of St. Paul Union No. 30, who conducted negotiations as a representative of the International Union, writes: "You will pardon me for feeling slightly elated over the results, not only for the material increase in scale, but for the material increase in good will and mutual confidence." APPOINTED A BASEBALL UMPIRE. John M. Dugan, whose monthly letter from Cincinnati has been an interesting feature of THE JOURNAL for several years, has been appointed an umpire in the Western Baseball League for the coming season. He has had considerable experience in handling the indicator in the great national game during the past few years, being considered the best umpire in and around Cincinnati. Mr. Dugan is a baseball enthusiast of the first water and a player of no mean ability. He was one of the hustlers from the Queen City at the National Printers' Baseball Tournament held in New York last September. THE JOURNAL extends its best wishes for his success, and bespeaks for him the good fellowship of the members of our craft in the cities which he will visit in the course of his work.-[ED. JOURNAL. [This department is conducted by the International Commission on Supplemental Education. Inquiries regarding the International Typographical Union Course in Printing and the work of the commission should be addressed to "The International Typographical Union Commission, 120-130 Sherman street, Chicago, Ill."] COURSE HELPS TO VARIETY IN DESIGNS. A common comment on the International Typographical Union Course is based on the theory that if printers receive instruction at one fount there will be a deadly sameness in their work. These critics lose sight of the fact that principles are taught. A knowledge of principles broadens rather than narrows the vision. If two attorneys well grounded in the principles of law are engaged in a case, the problem will receive a more varied treatment than if it were being handled by more experienced men who were not so well versed in the principles. So it is with typography; the printer who knows-consciously or unconsciously-the principles underlying his art will produce the desired variety. The cut appearing herewith is proof of the assertion. Boiled down, the problem was, "Give a pencil sketch of covers for a catalog and a booklet." The student was to apply the principles taught in the previous lessons, and we see he has produced seven different arrangements of one piece of copy and six of the other, though all conform to the fundamental principles. With more experience he could have gone on designing indefinitely. This is the work of one man a little more than one-third through the course. If the tendency is to such a variety of ideas in one student, surely there is no fear of a dead level of design when hundreds and thousands of compositors are understandingly applying these principles. The result will be the very opposite of what the critics fear. There will be a touch of individuality in every job. That is what the buyer of display and decorative printing wants. He hires designers and letterers at fancy salaries to get it. Sooner or later a portion of these salaries will come out of the pockets of the printer in some manner. The way to prevent that indeed, to divert some of that money into his pocket-is for the printer to become capable of doing the work. Many are capable now; all can acquire a degree of capacity through the course. Even those with the minimum of initiative and constructive ability benefit largely by knowing these principles, for the first thing taught is a knowledge of those things which should be avoided. In typog. raphy this is of itself an important part of education. LABOR SHOULD BECOME INTERESTED IN INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION. Industrial education is forcing itself on the workaday world. There is no longer doubt but that it is to be a factor. If it be directed and controlled by capitalists with the idea of advancing to their profits, it will in the abstract prove hurtful to sotiety and be of little benefit to the pupil. If the workers take an interest and become potent in shaping the course of this new movement, it will prove beneficial all round. There is a vast and vital difference between the capitalist notion of how to progress and the trade union idea. We are talking now of forces, not of individuals-of capitalism, not capitalists; of trade unionism, not trade unionists. It is compatible with the capitalist conception that A has progressed if he has amassed a million or so, even if it be at the expense of B, C, D, and the rest of the alphabetical family. In other words, capitalism is satisfied with progress that is based on one stepping higher on the shoulders of his fellows. Progress in the unionist sense is the elevation of the whole mass-that when there has been an upward lift all have been bettered and none hurt. There are many violations of the rule on both sides, but that is the general tendency of the respective elements. In so important a matter as industrial education, if left unchecked, the conception of capitalism will prevail in a general way, notwithstanding that here and there a capitalist or a group of capitalists may stand out for the other ideal. This will be a perversion of education. If the unions for labor is voiceless except it speak through organization-take an interest, they may effectually check the wrongful tendency, and can at least divert the flow of effort into a channel that will lead us to a system of education nearly approximating the ideal reason for its being-the elevation of the student and the improvement of the mass. Far be it from this writer to give color to the charge that unionists are opposed to industrial education. The great majority do not fully comprehend the movement, and many are somewhat suspicious, not so much of technical education as of its capitalistic promoters. Many of those now in the forefront have more notoriety as labor baiters than as labor helpers. The activity of that class of employers should stimulate the worker to activity, just to see what there is in the movement. Of one thing he may be assured: we are going to have technical education-it is simply a question of what kind it is to be. If it is the proper kind, the workers will benefit; if the improper variety, they will be the losers. So far as the International Typographical Union is concerned, it is determined it shall be the proper kind. The other unions should follow its lead. If the choice as to whether or not we should have education were left to the unions, there are several questions that might be discussed. Our schooling in industrialism has taught us that a surplus of labor on the market has a tendency to depress wages. Though this is more marked among unskilled than skilled laborers, yet it is accepted as inevitable. Its general acceptance is shown in the fact that some expert workmen are chary of showing their fellows how they accomplish results, on the theory that to do so would render their positions less secure. In the narrow circle in which an individual operates, these men may be shrewd so far as their immediate self-interest is concerned. There is, however, some question as to whether or not they are right, even from their narrow viewpoint. The multiplication of good operators has not diminished the demand for them, and it must be conceded that operators as a class have fairly ious that the coming industrial schools shall not become what he calls "scab hatcheries," and reasons that organized labor has everything to gain and nothing to lose by enhancing the skill of its members. He says: Ignorant, unskilled men are underpaid men with little purchasing power, and that is one reason why there is not a large demand for the products of skilled men. Let all men become skilled and all men will have greater rewards, because there will be a greater demand for the product of skilled labor, and because skilled laborers have sense enough to bar OREGON STUDENT'S SOLUTION OF FOURTEENth Lesson—“Give Pencil Sketch of Cover for a CATALOG AND A BOOKLET." NOTE THE VARIETY OF DESIGNS. good working conditions-perhaps as good as is possible under a wage system. But the unions must look at this in a larger way; they must survey the whole field and peer into the future. In doing so it is necessary to ascertain if raising the standard of skill in a trade does lower the standard of the mass of workers. In a recent issue of the Progressive Journal of Education there appeared an excellent article by Professor Noyes, of Teachers' College, Columbia University, in which he discourses on this in a convincing manner. An educator, Dr. Noyes is anx gain collectively. The output of the workers is not a limited amount, the production of which is to be divided only among a few; it is an amount limited only by the purchasing ability of the many, and their purchasing power in turn depends upon their skill. In other words, it is a pure assumption that if skilled labor becomes abundant it will also be cheap.. Skilled labor makes its own elbow room in the world. What is to be feared is not so much abundance of skilled labor as of unskilled labor. To make all labor skilled would be to open the door to the solution of labor problems, for with skill there inevitably goes intelligence. Professor Noyes assumes that the ultimate of |