Operators on evening papers get an advance of $1.76 per week, and on morning papers $2.40 per week. Organizer Haight assisted No. 81 in securing the new scale contracts.

ON May 10 F. M. Coffey, of Lincoln (Neb.) Union No. 209, forwarded twelve contracts to headquarters which had been negotiated with the employers of the Nebraska capital. Included in the number was an agreement with the Claflin Printing Company, which employs five journeymen and has a linotype as a part of its equipment. This concern is considered a valuable acquisition by Lincoln Union, as it puts out a large quantity of printing, including considerable work for the

state.

DELEGATES TO ST. JOSEPH CONVENTION.

The following credentials of delegates and alternates to the St. Joseph convention have been filed with Secretary-Treasurer Hays up to May 27: 1, Indianapolis, Ind.-Delegates-John C. Steffen, William E. Lincoln. AlternatesFrank M. Murphy, A. B. Hattery.

5, Columbus, Ohio-Delegate-Charles M. Howle. Alternate-William M. Davey. 7, Pittsburg, Pa.-Delegates-C. Will Koch, Charles H. Leighley.

8, St. Louis, Mo.-Delegates-James H. Mason, sr., Wallace W. Cato, Joseph A. Jackson, Henry C. Braunhold.

10, Louisville, Ky.-Delegates-W. R. Hickman, J. O. Ámes. Alternates-W. H. Stanley, John P. Stack.

11, Memphis, Tenn.-Delegates-Robert

Arm

strong, J. N. Everett. Alternates-T. J. McCormick, Sam F. Samfield.

13, Boston, Mass.-Delegates-W. B. Stoodley, E. F. Sweeney, George H. Hobin, Joseph J. Dallas.

15, Rochester, N. Y.-Delegate-Edward J. Walsh. Alternate-Frank I. Dilts. 22, Dubuque, Iowa-Delegate-Max Rathberger. 32, Norfolk, Va.-Delegate-Harry Anderson. Alternate-Arthur W. Jacocks.

33, Providence, R. I.-Delegate-Charles Carroll. Alternate-Charles R. Christie.

39, Grand Rapids, Mich.-Delegates-Seth Brown, L. C. Shepard.

R.

47, New Haven, Conn.-Delegate-George H.

48,

Sanders. Alternate-George F. Mullen. Atlanta, Ga.-Ed L. Sutton, R. L. Whites. Alternates-J. E. Bodenhamer, J. E. Rags

dale.

92, Little Rock, Ark.-Delegate-J. E. Purkins.

Alternate-W. M. Moore.

93, Macon, Ga.-Delegate-W. S. McGuyrt. Alternate-B. Walter Radcliffe.

94, Jersey City, N. J.-Delegate-Percy L. Anderson. Alternate-Windsor R. Jaeger. 95, Helena, Mont.-Delegate-Don C. D. Moore. 99, Jackson, Mich.-Delegate-Sherman Downs. Alternate-Charles A. Ihrke.

102, Ottawa, Ont.-Delegate-Michael Powell. 104, Birmingham, Ala.-Delegates-J. E. Carson, C. J. Deaton. Alternates-R. P. Schoppert, H. F. Kinnane.

105, Goldfield, Nev.-Delegate-J. A. Williamson. Alternate-E, A. Brown.

112, Scranton, Pa.-Delegates-Edward T. O'Mal ley, M. W. Walton. Alternates-Marshall Preston, W. F. Hosie.

114, Annapolis, Md.-Delegate-Richard Alternate-George W. M. Denver.

115, Salt

Wells.

Lake City, Utah-Delegates-H. W. Dennett, Arthur E. Graham. AlternatesAustin Davis, J. W. Russell.

135, Oneonta, N. Y.-Delegate-William J. Mason. Alternate-William B. Mason. 136, Duluth, Minn.-Delegate-G. A. Bergstrom.

Alternate-James McDowell.

142, Olympia,

T.

Wash.-Delegate-William Drips. Alternate-George L. Levy. 146, Charleston, W. Va.-Delegate-James L. HeiAlternate-Virgil Hindman.

zer.

148, Wichita, Kan.-Delegate-A. M. Carr. Alternate-W. T. Dando.

158, Springfield, Mo.-Delegate-George A. Bauman. Alternate-A. L. Dawson.

160, Columbia, Mo.-Delegate-J. Guy McQuitty. Alternate-V. G. Hawkins.

172, San Antonio, Texas-Delegate-Robert A. Miles.

173, Dallas, Texas-Delegate-James A. Florer. Alternate-W. K. Thomas.

174, Los Angeles, Cal-Delegate-F. Alternate-F. M. Baldauf.

P. Rowe.

195, Paterson, N. J.-Delegate-W. F. McGrath. Alternate-William A. O'Rourke.

199, Zanesville, Ohio-Delegate-Roy W. Hocking. Alternate-William H. Davis.

203, Council Bluffs, Iowa-Delegate-U. G. Cox. Alternate-Peter J. Fischer.

205, Jamestown, N. Y.-Delegate-James S. McCallum. Alternate-G. C. Magnuson. 213, Rockford, Ill.-Delegate-Charles Oudin. Alternate-George W. Sherer.

215, Decatur, Ill.-Delegate-George W. Shaffer. Alternate-H. M. Scott.

217, Murphysboro, Ill.-Delegate-T. S. Tarpley. 218, Sioux Falls, S. D.-Delegate-G. F. Brucker. Alternate-Will Jamieson. Pa.-Delegate-Charles W. Bastian. Alternate-Clarence S. Glassmeyer. 265, Ottawa, Ill.-Delegate-Owen F. Kelly, jr. Alternate-Russell E. Madden.

242, York,

277, Missoula, Mont.-Delegate-T. E. Weaver. 282, Sterling, Ill.-Delegate-H. E. Llewellyn. Alternate-P. A. Alderfer.

283, Oklahoma City, Okla.-Delegate-Mike J.

Williams.

294, Waukegan, Ill.-Delegate-Dewey Hamilton. Alternate-W. E. Secord.

298, Massillon, Ohio-Delegate-Harry Hamilton. Alternate-Charles H. Snyder.

299, Tampa, Fla.-Delegate-Joseph A. Lyles. Alternate-Joseph Sherouse.

301, Richmond, Ind.-Delegate-W. R. Bloom. Alternate-Hanson H. Miller.

316, North Adams, Mass.-Delegate-Ernest O. Cooke.

324, Racine, Wis.-Delegate-F. A. Parker. ternate-C. F. Daugherty.

Al

332, Muncie, Ind.-Delegate B. W. McGinnis. Alternate-Joseph Herdering.

333, Denison, Texas-Delegate-W. L. Beavers. Alternate-L. E. Stewart.

339, Beaumont, Texas-Delegate-M. L. Andrew.

Alternate-C. E. Drake.

349, Waterloo, Iowa-Delegate-G. D. Ralston. Alternate-John J. Fressle.

350, Joplin, Mo.-Delegate-Charles W. Fear. Alternate-Charles R. Stearns.

355, Bellingham, Wash.-Delegate-R. C. Galbraith. Alternate-Henry C. Borchardt. 364, Coshocton, Ohio-Delegate-Robert S. Thomp388, Walla Walla, Wash.-Delegate-Daniel Ferguson. Alternate-L. F. Clarke.

son.

390, Pontiac, Ill. Delegate-Thomas S. Black. Alternate James B. Spray. 395, Vincennes, Ind.-Delegate-James P. Ryan. Alternate-A. T. Murphy.

397, Greensboro, N. C.-Delegate-Henry C. Curtis. Alternate-C. F. Pinnix.

403, Tulsa, Okla.-Delegate-D. E. Booth.

405, Santa Fe, N. M.-Delegate-Frank

Sturges. Alternate-J. A. Rael.

408, Ottawa, Kan.-Delegate-S. B. Mills. nate-James A. Martin.

P.

Alter

424, Orange, N. J.-Delegate-William M. HamAlternate-Percy A. Miller. 427, Vicksburg, Miss.-Delegate S. N. Williamson. Alternate-N. M. McElroy. 429, Battle Creek, Mich.-Delegate-W. J. Kelly. Alternate-W. A. Dexter. 444, Champaign and Urbana, Ill.-Delegate-W. F. Stoltey. Alternate-J. M. Collins. 458, Carlinville, Ill.-Delegate-J. F. Olmstead. Alternate-W. F. Stemmons.

468, Yonkers, N. Y.-Delegate-John T. Windell. Alternate-J. D. Hickerson.

473, Moberly, Mo.-Delegate-Albert Welsz. ternate-Rolla R. Rothwell.

Alonso. Alternate-Jose Lobato.

Al

478, San Juan, Porto Rico-Delegate-Rafael 511, Batavia, N. Y.-Delegate-C. A. Benchley. Alternate-C. E. Todd.

538, Washington, Ind.-Delegate-John T. Harris. Alternate-H. E. Teufel.

545, Waukesha, Wis.-Delegate-H. F. Merten, jr. Alternate-G. O. Austin. 548, Lancaster, Ohio-Delegate-D. F. Shriner. Alternate-Irving MacD. Sinclair.

562, Harrisburg, Ill.-Delegate-George H. Layton. Alternate-Harry C. McIntyre. 567, Loveland, Colo.-Delegate-C. E. Barngrover. Alternate-H. E. Siegel. 571, Chickasha, Okla.-Delegate-Rufus Payne, jr. 578, Coffeyville, Kan.-Delegate-W. A. Bradford. Alternate-E. H. Sloan. 583, Pasadena, Cal.-Delegate-J. W. Hart. Alternate-W. R. Kratka.

584, Independence, Kan.-Delegate-A. W. Rainey. Alternate-Earl Yoe.

587, Guthrie, Okla.-Delegate-T. Westbrook. 596, Houghton, Mich.-Delegate-Louis Kosman. Alternate-D. L. Brown.

599, Herrin, Ill.-Delegate-Joe M. Bond. Alternate-Marshall Hunter.

633, Lawton, Okla.-Delegate-S. Alternate-S. K. Wilson.

FEASIBILITY OF LEARNING BY CORRESPONDENCE.

The commission craves for nothing more earnestly than that there shall be intelligent criticism of its purposes, system and methods. Owing either to this writer's lack of savoir faire and primitive crudities or the sensitiveness of those who furnished him texts, he gets in hot water when he tries to show the fallacies in certain ideas or statements that appear from time to time. A few months ago a correspondent wrote the then editor, Mr. Bramwood, protesting against the way this department had "lit into" him. There was no intention to offend, nor was there anything personal in the article complained of. Now Fred H. Thomas, of Toronto, a man of excellent repute, comes forward with the accusation that "umbrage" was taken at a remark of his in the April JOURNAL. He is mistaken; no offense was taken at what he said. The commission is well aware that in undertaking the promotion of a novel project by more or less discredited methods it will have difficulty in making itself understood. It is also in possession of sufficient common sense to know that the fault does not lie entirely with the readers; there is a great deal amiss with the commission's presentation of its case. One reason why variety of form and continuity of effort are essential to advertising success is that each kind of mind is reached most effectively by a special quality of reasoning. So the commission must keep on spreading the light -removing misconceptions here and breaking down prejudices there. In the pursuit of this duty there is no feeling of having been offended by comment or even of superior attainment because one may happen to disagree with a member's views; not even when it is demonstrated to a certainty that the member is wrong and the commission is right. It is not for that body to plume itself on having more knowledge about this phase of union work than the average member. That is what it is commissioned to know; the International Typographical Union looks to it to make a special study of trade educational methods, and to advise the members as to what policy should be pursued. And in that respect and for that reason the commission may know more than the average member, but it doesn't know nearly as much as it would like to know or ought to know. So let the doubters and critics come on-resolving their doubts and answering their criticisms is the best way of getting the members to understand what the commission is attempting to do and enabling it to express itself so that it will be understood by the greatest number.

Thus we have to return to Mr. Thomas, who "comes back" at the commission in the May JOURNAL. In March he said "everyone has not the

faculty of learning by mail," which was used as

a text on which to base an article showing the In teaching methods pursued by the commission. support of his original assertion he wrote last month (page 603):

Common sense tells us that a man or boy may be first rate in actual practice at the case, and be quick and original in his ideas, and yet be a veritable duffer when it comes to placing his ideas on paper. The writer has two boys right now in his mind's eye who have every promise of making smart printers, one in particular showing many good points; but both these lads would be utterly at sea with a correspondence course. They would not have the application necessary for success, and yet they will be good craftsmen, for they use their eyes and wits in the composing room, and have some ideas, too.

Beginning at the first sentence, why should not the bright boy acquire the faculty of putting his ideas on paper? Assuming that what is meant here is capacity to sketch an outline of a job-a desirable accomplishment to have at one's finger ends in the printing business. The inability can not be ascribed to a lack of the quality of application, for it takes a great deal more intensive work to set a job or ad than to sketch it in outline, as the detail work is seldom needed. So far as this phase is concerned, the inability is probably due more to lack of familiarity with the use of the pencil than anything else.

If Mr. Thomas had in mind the expression of thoughts on paper, what reason is there that the boy should remain a duffer? A capable compositor, most likely he has more well-seasoned ideas about typography than on any other one subject. Incidental to the I. T. U. Course there is considerable writing to be done, and it offers the student an excellent opportunity to learn how to express himself on the subjects with which he is most familiar, thereby paving the way to being able to handle other subjects. It is as desirable for one to know how to give voice to his thoughts in writing as by speech; and, by the way, the most effective writing is that which most closely follows correct oral utterance.

There are hundreds of compositors who are firstclass workmen and have the gift of expression to an unusual degree, but who can not defend their work in a logical, reasoning manner. Their judgment is usually good, and inerrantly they will select good work, solely through reliance on their excellent taste, but all their volubility will not convince the contrary minded. Ignorance of the principles of design and the laws of color harmony -which they may have been expounding correctly all their trade lives-prevents them from discussing the subject in such a manner as will carry conviction. The course will give them that knowl

earn their living in composing rooms; it thereby promotes application, the lack of which in the average man likens him unto a ship at sea without a rudder. Some need to apply themselves more than others-some delight in plodding, some must gallop but prodigal Nature has provided for that. All can apply themselves, and those who have achieved in their chosen calling have applied themselves. If schooling of the ordinary type has benefited these boys of Mr. Thomas' earlier in life, there is no reason why an honestly conducted correspondence course can not do so today.

SAMPLE OF INSTRUCTION GIVEN.

Every compositor knows that even in offices where they teach apprentices their trade, when changes are made the reasons given are few and far between. The best of foremen have not the time to do that. He is doing well-more than the office expects him to do-if he takes up a proof, calls the boy, and says "set this in the largest size of so-and-so and put a lead in these places," indicating the places with pencil marks. In the great majority of offices there is no effort to do even that the apprentice is told his job is rotten, to go on cleaning up, and a journeyman resets the ef fort; or he is gruffly ordered to do this, that or the other thing with the job. Not only is the technical instruction faulty, but the manner in which it is imparted is depressing and discouraging. But it is under such conditions that the majority of us have learned our trade. Contrast that with the methods pursued in the I. T. U. Course. Reference to the commission's "ad" in this issue will show what two authorities think of the painstaking care and ability of the instruction department. We give here one letter to a student whose markings seem to be about the average. It is on lesson 21-billheads-and he has had submitted to him some indifferent work of that class, with instructions to criticize it and send proof or sketch showing how he would set the examples. The instructor has read this criticism and has gone over his work with a pencil, then he talks into a phonograph recorder (which explains some crudities of expression), which is transcribed on a typewriter, and the student received this letter:

"We have at hand the results of your work on Lesson No. 21, and find that you have experienced no little difficulty in setting up these problems. Your criticisms of the billheads reproduced in this lesson are very good, but in one or two instances you failed to mention some of the errors, consequently we will give you our ideas regarding same.

"In criticism No. 2 you did not speak of the inconsistency between the type used for this job and its nature. This being for a florist, we believe that the type should be rather free and very much lighter than the Hearst type which is used in the reproduction. Furthermore, you did not mention the bad spacing in the word 'florist.'

The r

used in this word is only used at the ends of words, and when used in the body of a word, unless widely letterspaced, it makes a hole which is very noticeable. Note the difference in spacing

between the word 'to' and the firm name and also the word 'Dr.' in the firm name.

"In the remainder of your criticisms you have mentioned nearly all the important points that were in error, and what few you overlooked are very technical, consequently we will not deal with them in exhaustive manner.

"Your rearrangements for these reproductions have been very carelessly handled, and it is almost impossible for us to criticize them intelligently, as you have given no definite form or size to any one thing. But we will let our imagination work overtime and will endeavor to mentally picture these jobs in about the positions you have shown. We, of course, will criticize some things that you had no intention of doing, but you must overlook these points, as the designs are very confusing.

"In the billhead for I. Rubins you have crowded the central group of matter too close to the ruled line. This is a point that should always be taken into consideration, as by crowding your type matter too close to this rule you interfere with the descenders of the writing, consequently making it rather illegible. The form of this design is very good, but we believe that too much prominence has been given to the line "Cleaning, Repairing, etc.," in comparison to the address. This matter is unimportant and could have been set to one side in rather small type.

"In the job for John Wainwright, you are entirely wrong in setting the word 'florist' so large. If you will again read over the lesson on letterheads, you will note that the principal point of interest should be the firm name, unless it is manufacturing a certain brand of goods which has been extensively advertised and with which nearly every one is familiar. But setting the word 'florist' so large does not mean anything. There might be twenty florists in a town. Furthermore, we note that you have set the telephone number as large, if not larger, than the address. This is wrong, as the principal points of interest should be the firm name, business and address, with the exception which we have noted above.

"This same error regarding the word 'florist' is noticeable in the design for R. V. Dell. We also note that you have started the matter very close to the ruled line, which we have spoken of in criticism of rearrangement No. 1.

"The design for J. M. and E. D. Dannelly is very confusing. Nothing has been brought out except the firm name, and a stranger receiving his billhead and reading the many different articles would be at a loss to fix definitely just what kind of a business they were in. This design is also crowded too closely to the ruled line.

"You should be a little more careful in setting these ruled lines so as to give more symmetry and graceful endings. There can be no fixed rule regarding this, except the good taste of the compositor.

"The design for Johnson & Morrison is too open. That is, in your endeavor to display your matter sufficiently to fill the page, you placed too much white space between lines, thereby converting your matter into bands of color instead of