cuniary interest in his life the sole ground of recov ery. Accordingly, in England, and in those of the American States whose statutes are similar to Lord Campbell's Act, it is immaterial whether death were caused instantaneously or whether the deceased survived his injuries long enough for a right of action to vest in him. But under the Massachusetts statute it is the right of action of the party himself that survives his death; and, if the injury resulted in instantaneous death, before any right of action vested in him, none accrues to his heirs. And the same is held to be the effect of statutes resembling the Massachusetts act. Accordingly, in those States where the death was immediate, the family of the deceased would be without remedy but for other statutes under which the party causing the death may be pursued by indictment and punished by fine, the proceeds of which are distributed among the relatives.*

1 The Harrisburg, 119 U. S. 199; Insurance Co. v. Brame, 95 U. S. 754; Eden v. Lexington etc. R. R. Co. 14 Mon. B. 204; Whitford v. Panama R. R. Co. 23 N. Y. 465.

2 Chicago etc. R. R. Co. v. Schroeder, 18 Ill. App. 328; Lawson v. Chicago etc. Ry Co. 64 Wis. 447; Shrier v. Milwaukee etc. R'y Co. 65 Wis. 457; Tex. Const. (1876) Art. XVI, s 26; Pa. Const. (1874) Art. III, § 21; Ark. Const. (1874) Art. V, § 32.

3 Blake v. Midland R'y Co. 18 Q. B. 93.

4 Duckworth v. Johnson, 4 Hurl. & N. 653; Boulter v. Webster, 13 Week. R. 289; S. C. 11 Law T. N. S. 598; Pym v. Great Northern R'y Co. 2 Best & Smith, 759; S. C. 4 Best & Smith, 396.

5 Safford v. Drew, 3 Duer, 627; Brown v. Buffalo etc. R. R. Co. 22 N. Y. 191: Cooley on Torts, *271; 2 Thompson on Negligence, § 90, and English cases cited supra.

6 Mulchahey v. Washburn Car Wheel Co. 145 Mass. 281; Riley v. Connecticut River R. R. Co. 135 Mass. 292; Hollenbeck v. Berkshire R. R. Co. 9 Cush. 478; Bancroft v. Boston etc. R. R. Co. 11 Allen, 34.

7 State v. Maine Central R. R. Co. 60 Me. 490; State v. Grand Trunk R'y Co. 61 Me. 114.

8 Commonwealth v. Metropolitan R. R. Co. 107 Mass. 236; State v. Grand Trunk R'y Co. 61 Me. 114; State v. Maine Central R. R. Co. 60 Me. 490.