CATHOLICISM Bishop Hughes of the Roman Catholic church, has issued a circular to the clergymen and laity of his diocese, forbidding marriage with Protestan's, membership in secret societies," (I. O. of O. F &c) "and other like associations," and says, it shall not be lawful for any clergyman, in his diocese to officiate at the funeral or over the remains of any one dying without having renounced all connection with said society. [Phil. Sent. Oct. 28. CONNECTICUT. The legislature having convened, the house of representatives on Wednesday, by an unanimous vote, passed an act dividing the state into four congressional districts. as follows District number one to consist of the counties of Hart ford and Tolland. DREADFUL STEAMBOAT DISASTER. We learn from NAVAL The United States steam frigate Missouri, the Cincinnati and Louisville papers, that the steamer captain Newton, sailed from Savannah on the 22d inst. Eliza, Captain Littleton, of St. Louis, struck a snag for Vera Cruz. Geo S Curson, esq. bearer of despatches in the Mississippi, four miles above the mouth of for gen. Waddy Thomson, our minister at Mexico, is a the Ohio, and sunk in three minutes, leaving but passenger on board. two feet of the hurricane deck above water. The consequence was, that nearly all on the lower deck and in the cabin, perished! Report speaks of some forty or fifty that were drowned, but other informants think the number about twenty-certainly not more than twenty-five persons. Among the dead are the Captain's wife and two children, and some eighteen or twenty deck passengers! The Eliza was laden down to her guards with lead, and was bound from St. Louis to New Orleans. She was built at Pitttsburgh a year or two since, and cost $20,000. She was a little over 200 tons burthen. The Georgian of the 24th instant says-"We are informed that a messenger arrived here yesterday by mail, with despatches for general Thompson from the post city, o be forwarded by the Missouri; but in case she had master general to George Schley esq. postmaster of this sailed, to be sent to Pensacola, whence one of the United States vessels now in that port will proceed with the despatches to Vera Cruz. Speculation is as usual, rife in regard to the nature of these despatches. The steamer Santee was immediately despatched to overtake the Missouri, but she had already proceeded to sea." The United States schooner Grampus was to sail the first fair wind. Her first destination is for the harbor of Butler King. She will then proceed to Havanna via Key Brunswick, Georgia, where she stops to land the hon. T. West. The Cincinnati Gazette takes occasion, in noticing this disaster, to urge the claims of the great west to have something done, by the General Government to make the navigation of the western waters safe.-er The Gazette says: for the lakes is in rapid progress of construction in that The Pittsburg Gazette says that the Iron War steamcity. Her frame work is nearly all up, and a good deal of her sheathing on. Every thing is of iron; the iron plates of which her sheathing is composed are of an inch in thickness. A melancholy record this, and the more melancholy too, because this and similar accidents, might be so easily prevented! Is life of so little value that the western people will make no effort to render travel- Court martial. The Madisonian says-We under ing on our western waters safe? Are the lives and stand that healemant Wiliam Pearson, of the United property of our citizens of so little mo nent in the es-Ses pavy, has bee fully acquitted, by the naval court timation of government, that it will do nothing pr mariid at New York, of the charges preferred against tect them? Let us hope not. Let us hope that this up be of cardion of Midshipman Edward H. Hopkins. fearful accident will rouse the people of the West to something like united action, as regards the improveOn the 9th, Lee, Noble, U S. N. reported himself to ment of our western waters, and convince our rulers the president, and stated that he had received a commmnicati from the deper ment, informing him of his full subject. Midshipman Weston. Lieut. N. was, of course, reliev It is not pardonable in either to expose property toed from arrest. the risk now run upon our rivers; still less pardon District number two to consist of the counties of New/of the necessity of a speedy and efficient move on the acquittal by the court of all the charges prefrred by Haven and Middlesex. District number three to consist of the counties of New London and Windham. field and Litchfield. On the same day the house by a vote of 119 to 53. passed resolutions in favor of refunding to Gen. JackKon without condition or qualification the $1,000 fine imposed upon him in 1815 at New Orleans. ued and imminent peril. EX-PRESIDENT JACKSON. The Nashville Whig of the 15 h instant says, "we understand that Gen. Jackson received a painful injury in the forehead, on Thursday last, by the upsetting of Major Donelson's carriage, near the Hermitage, in which he was riding out to visit a sick neighbor. The accident was caused by the restiveness of the horses, which the driver was unable to control. We hope the injury will not prove a serious one. District number four to consist of the counties of Fair-able is it to put the lives of citizens to such a coptin-dent of the Philadelphia U. S, Gazette, states that at NEW MODE OF SELLING. The Kentucky corresponLexington, on the 10th inst. "Corn sold at from $3 to $5 per acre in the field, and hemp at $6 to $8 in the stack. The last sale of clear hemp which has come to my know ledge, was at 3 ce its per pound. These prices" do not jus ify the produce. There is a slight movement in the article of pork, which is selling at $1,75 nett, an at $1, 25 on foot These prices do not pay the fariner for his labor, but they are the best that can be obtained. The principal purchaser in this market is buying to ship to Egland, thus opening to us an entirely new trade. It is this new market alone that can enable our farmers to sustain themselves at the present price of land and labor.' OHIO. The returns are now all in, nearly all official, vote in some 30 counties is 2.670. CONSULS. The president of the United States has re; cognised Jonathan Wilhelm Schmidt as consul general of Baden, to reside at New York; Charles Compte de Montholon, as consul of France, for the port of Rich; mond, Virginia; and Louis Philippe de Luze. as consul of the Swiss confederation, for the States of New York, Maine, N. Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut, to reside in the city of New York. ELECTION IN INDIANA. Mr. Defrees, whig, has been elected to the senate of this state in the place of Mr. Baird, whig, deceased. There are two vacancies occu sioned by deaths yet to be filled, upon the result of which it is said, depends which party will have a majority on and Shannon's majority over Corwin is 3, 298. King's Win. D Thompson has been appointed consul of the republic of Ecuador, for the port of New York, and re-joint ballot. cognised as such by the president. GRACE DARLING. Information of the death of Darling was dead. We can take upon ourselves to PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. (Old School. We learn COPPER. A rich copper mine has been opened at Cum this celebrated heroine was brought out by the Co- from the Presbyterian Almanac for 1845, that there are berland. Rhode Island. Within the last week 15 tons lumbia. It will be seen by the following paragraph attached to this branch of the Presbyterians, 1399 minof ore have been shipped for Boston from the mine, come from the Tyne Mercury, that the report was prema-isters, and 140,463 communicants (exclusive of 4 Prcsby. menced this season, and worked by four men only. The teries not reported). ore was sent to Liverpool to be sold at the monthly matture: Some papers state that as her majesty was of ore at Swansea. There is not a single smelting fur- passing the Fern Islands, she was told that Grace nace for copper in North America. The ore from Chili, the grey oxide, which is the richest in the world, yielding eighty per cent. is sent exclusively to Swansea. The Boston American says that an analysis of the ore from Cumberland, gave for the richest specimens, fifty-seven per cent., for the poorest, five per cent. The average about thir een per cent. The best Cornwall mines give an average of only ten per cent. The Stafford mines in Vermont, which were worked some years with profit until the vein ran out, gave an average of five per cent. [Ext. COTTON ON THE YAZOO. The New Orleans Bee says, "we learn by a gentleman just from that portion of the Mississippi, that the weather is fine, and the planters busily engaged in picking cotton, the staple of which was excellent. It is supposed that 100,000 bales will be shipped via Yazoo river, an increase over last year. Manchester alone, it was said, would ship 40,000," DINNER TO DANIEL WEBSTER. The New York Courier and Enquirer says-We have been shown a letter signed by all, or nearly all the prominent merchants in our city, tendering to Mr. WEBSTER a public dinner in this city. The compliment is placed distinctly on the grounds of his instrumentality in negotiating the late Treaty with England, and his general administration of our Foreign Affairs. DEATHS IN NEW YORK. The city inspector reports 167 interments in this city week before last. 32 men, 33 women, 56 boys, 46 girls; under 2 years of age, 64 Deaths by consumption, 25; cholera infantumn, 5; scarlet fever, 5; small pox, 3; old age, 4. The deaths in New York, last week, amounted to 179 -42 men, 39 women, 56 boys, and 42 girl-; 76 were under two years of age, and 33 died of consumption. GUNS FROM THE IRON CITY! Ninety-three of the 32 JEWS. Several thousands of Polish and Russian Jews, TEXAS. Late arrivals bring accounts of the retreat of the Mexicans from San Antonio and of several shirmishes between them and the troops under general Burleson and other Texan detachments. Rumors also again repeated of preparations made in Mexico for an inva sion. It is also stated that a profer of mediation has been made by the United States government and that this will put a period to farther present offensive nie asures on the part of Texas. "THE END NOT YET." In reference to the Miller prophecy, the Boston Traveller says, "we learn from pretty good authority that the time hitherto fixed by a large number of our fellow citizens for the end of the world has been again postponed. Instead of the 23d of April, it will take place on the 4th of July next. The question was decided last week in council by the board of direc tors, who have the management of this stupendous undertaking. MANUFACTURES are increasing every day in the south. The last Huntsville (Alabama) Herald says-We under- THE NANTUCKET "CAMELS" on Saturday week suc stand that arrangements have been made by which sev-ceeded in lightening the bark Peru over the bar, as she areral bagging and rope factories will in a short time, be rived from the Indian Ocean, with a full cargo of oil on put in operation, in Jackson county, in this state. Four board. The circumstance caused great rejoicing in Nanfactories have been, for some time past, in operation in tucket; the wharves and beach were crowded with specthis county. ators, the bells were rung, and a salute of 100 guns firMONROE EDWARDS. This accomplished financiered, it being the first loaded ship ever taken into the harconvicted on the second indictment, has been sentenced bor. The draught of the ship, fifteen feet, was lessened to 5 years imprisonment on each conviction, and has by means of the camels to about eight feet. accordingly taken up his residence at Sing Sing. UNIVERSALISTS. The following statistics are published in the Universalist Register for 1843. There are in the United States and Territories 1 general convention, 1 historical society, 13 state conventions, 62 associations, 918 societies, 577 meeting houses, and 576 preachers. During the past year, the denomination has gained 1 houses, and 49 preachers. state convention, 3 associations, 53 societies, 46 meeting NEWLY DISCOVERED ISLAND. The Journal de Havre announces that the ship Pearl, on her way from Sidney to Manilla, discovered an island, in lat. 21 59, In the state of New York, Universalists have 1 state long. 163 36 east, which is not laid down in any chart convention, 1 literary institution, 15 associations, 230 wood, and near the shore has an abundance of cocoa Showing an increase during the past year of 12 socieor map. It has a rich appearance, is clothed with societies, 136 meeting houses, and 133 preachersnut trees. The captain christened it Burrows Is-ties, 15 meeting houses and 13 preachers. land. [Albany Evening Jour. NILES' NATIONAL REGISTER. FIFTH SERIES.-No. 10.-VOL. XIII.] BALTIMORE, NOVEMBER 5, 1842. [VOL. LXIII.-WHOLE NO. 1,623. THE PAST--THE PRESENT--FOR THE FUTURE. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED, EVERY SATURDAY, BY JEREMIAH HUGHES, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR, AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. CONTENTS OF NO. 10, VOL. 13. British government. MISCELLANEOUS. headed by the gallant sir Hugh, pushed on over the ralysis in the wine trade, produced by the lingering FOREIGN AFFAIRS-treaty of Washington ratified by the heights, and soon came upon a causeway, leading to negotiations with Portugal, and for the loss occasionthe city. The Chinese fled before them in every di-ed by the late strike in the manufacturing districtsrection. As soon as possible after the troops moved the fact that there is a decline of £733,448, in the STATES OF THE UNION-United States senator elected from the east, the naval brigade landed at the west excise revenue, and that the surplus in the customs in New Jersey. end of the heights, and joined the troops between the is not more than one-fifth of the sum paid on corn, heights and the suburbs. Up to this time every de- (and which cannot be relied upon in any succeeding fence had been carried without any loss; but 300 year), is very alarming. From the manufacturing Tartar troops finding escape impossible, and being districts we continue to receive very unsatisfactory inspired with the idea that the English would give reports as to the operations of the factories and no quarter, took possession of a Joss house on the mills, while the Liverpool cotton market remains spot, defending themselves most desperately; and it dull and inactive. was not until the house fell upon them that 40 were taken-the rest perished. In this affair we have met with a very severe loss. Col. Tomlinson of the 18th, and 8 men of the army killed. Col. Mountain, the adj. gen.; Campbell, 55th, and Iredell, 49th, wounded severely, and 45 men. The navy 2 killed and 4 wounded. The Chinese had about 10,000 men, onethird Tartar. We captured an immense quantity of arms of all sorts." FOREIGN ARTICLES. The packet ship Ville de Lyon reached New York on the 30th, bringing Paris dates to the 7th and Lon don to the 8th October. The papers by this arrival furnish nothing of importance from Europe. The British parliament assembled on the 6th pro forma, and were prorogued till the 10th November. No change in mercantile or moneytary affairs. FRANCE. Louis Philippe had returned to Paris in excellent health. The French had experienced an unexpected resistance in Algeria. GERMANY, BELGIUM, AND FRANCE. The Courier du Havre, of the 6th inst., under the head of Germany, Belgium, and France, says:-We read in the Phalange, "We are on the eve, perhaps. of seeing accomplished a great event. The question of the commercial union of France and Belgium with the Zollverein was debated last Sunday in the council of ministers. We understand that this vast and excellent project, presented by Louis Philippe, has been supported by some ministers, and objected to by others. King Leopold has been in attendance this week at Chateau St. Cloud, to determine with the king of the French upon the terms of the projected treaty. The alliance Franco Allemande, is, it is said, the constant thought of Louis Philippe. Already for several years this commercial treaty has been concluded upon by the two kings." The cortes was to assemble on the 14th August. Banditti continue to disturb the interior. The English government are actively engaged in fortifying Gibraltar, and are about embarking a large number of convicts to be employed there. THE EAST. NEW GRENADA. It has been decreed by the congress of New Grena- The everlasting nation of Yankees can now come TEXAS. CANADA. Troops embarking for England.—The remaining detachment of the Canadian and Cold Stream Guards embarked in the ship Pique, from Quebec on the 20th ult. This brigade has been in Canada five years, and is said to have lost only 14 men in that time by deser tion. Great excitement had been created by the absconding of Mr. Edmund Burdekin, late manager of the Manchester bank. Various and conflicting statements have been freely circulated as to the probable amount which he has carried away, but as yet no accurate idea can be formed. A meeting of the shareholders was held, a report of which stated that the liabilities by mismanagement, were, in round numbers, £890,000 Mr. Featherstonhaugh, celebrated for his survey of the north-east boundary, made a speech at a dinner at Bristol, vindicating the treaty of Washington, asserting that it was the best that could be made for both parties, and condemning the objections of the leading papers of the Van Buren party are discussing the topic of holding their next national convention for nominating candidates for the presidency and vice presidency, both as to time and place. Several of them have indicated Baltimore as the most éligible place. The Philadelphia editors on the contrary contend for having it held in that city. The PennHistorical item.-The declaration of Texan inde-sylvanian of the 2d inst. says: "Mr. Van Buren was pendence was signed on the 2d of March, 1836. by nominated in May, 1835." If this precedent is to 56 persons, of whom 50 were natives of the United hold as to our future practice, the convention should States-one of Yucatan, one of England, one of Ire- meet in May, 1843; thus affording about eighteen land, one of Scotland, and two of Bexar. months for the campaign. The argument used by those who are desirous of not deviating from the precedent. is mainly that it will afford the largest space for action and contribute materially to the preservation of harmony. When various names are presented for the consideration of the convention, it is evident enough that there will be disappointments somewhere, which might have prejudicial effects if the election were to follow close upon the nomination. It is therefore urged that time should be given to allow such feelings to subside-to reconcile those whose candidates are not nominated, to the general choice of the representatives of the party, in order not only that an unbroken front may be presented at the polls, but also that the nominees may be sustained with cordiality and spirit. It is evident that there is much in this view of the subject which deserves the convention will be responded to by the democratic party throughout the union. Every one is fully aware that our success depends upon unanimity; but yet it should be remembered that it is but natural for men whose personal preferences have not been gra tified, to feel disheartened for the moment. longest time is consequently proposed to allow such emotions to wear off, and to become merged, as it were, in a wish to promote the general good." The troops of the 7th Hussars arrived at Quebec Persia and Turkey are quarrelling. on Friday last from Montreal, and immediately emA revolution, supposed to be excited by Russia, barked on board the transport ships Nautilus and Sohas taken place in Servia. vereign for England. It is stated in a Madrid paper that the difference between the United States and Morocco was about to be adjusted by the removal of the officer from his post at Tangier, whose conduct had been objection-of the ratification of the treaty of Washington, which consideration. We have no doubt that the choice of able. INDIA. Overland despatches bring Bombay dates to the 27th and Affghanistan to the 3d August. The forty days prior had been principally occupied in concentrating the British forces, which were now on the eve of commencing operations. Brigadier Monteith has been successful at Pesh Polac and in the valley of Shinwarree. Col. Palmer is dead. Gen. Pollock maintains the same position. It is said that the order to march forward was given to gen. Nott on the 29th July, and that before the 6th September he might be encamped before Cabool. Sufter Jung has surrendered to the English at Candahar. Col. Wymer has destroyed several forts about 80 miles above that place. Sickness rages in the different divisions of the army. CHINA. is said to have taken place on the 14th, and that no- The Great Western reached Bristol on the 12th TRADE AND REVENUE. Wilmer's News Letter of Capture of Chappoo. This mart of the Chinese the 19th says: Would that we could report a favora trade to Japan, was captured on the 18th May, by ble change in the prospects of trade, but unfortunatethe British forces under lieut. gen. sir H. Gough and ly we have to record the opposite. The winter is vice admiral Parker. The line of defence prepared now fast drawing in upon us, and still large masses by the Chinese extended about three miles. A letter of the laborious population continue out of employ. from an officer says: "On the 17th, we moved in, A return of the quarter's revenue shows a deficienand on the 18th, the Cornwallis, Blonde, and Modeste, cy of nearly seventy thousand pounds, notwithstandbeing anchored abreast and as close to the batteries ing the payment of a million extra from corn, and as possible, opened their fire which was very faintly upwards of three hundred thousand pounds from the returned. To our right (eastward) the troops dis- income tax. After making every allowance for the embarked on a fine sandy bay without accident, and reduction of the timber and other duties, for the paVol XIU-Sia. 10. The APPOINTMENTS BY THE PRESIDENT. Oliver Harris, (who for a long time has been connected with the St. Louis Bulletin), surveyor and collector of that port. Alexander Drysdale, attorney of the U. States for Georgia, in the place of S. Cohen. Removal. The Cincinnati Gazette states that Demas Adams, U. States marshal, for Ohio, appointed about five months since, has been removed by the president, and John McIlvaine, of Columbia, appointed in his place. THE ARMY. BRIGADIER GENERAL WORTH reached Savannah from N. York, on the 26th ult., on his way to Flo rida. U. S. DRAGOONS. Two companies consisting of about two hundred United States dragoons, attached to the 1st and 2d regiments, from the Carlisle (Pa.) 146 barracks, arrived at Baltimore on the 3d inst., and under command of Capt. L. J. Beall, accompanied by Capt. May, Lieutenants Thompson, Saunders, Hamilton, Staunton, Mason, Noble, Anderson and Hammond, embarked for New Orleans in the brig Napier. Those attached to the 1st regiment are finally destined for Jefferson banacks, Mo.-those of the 2d for Fort Jessup, and Baton Rouge, La., and Fort Towson, as also the Fails of Wachita, Arkansas. THE NAVY. DEATH OF CAPTAIN GALLAGHER. The Wilming ton Delaware Journal, announces the death of capt. John Gallagher. of the U. S. Navy, at his residence in that city, on the 1st inst., in the 59th year of his age. RESIGNATION. Captain Jared L. Eilict, late of the exploring expedition, has resigned his commission in the navy, and his resignation has been accepted. MEDITERRANEAN SQUADRON. Captain Lincoln of the bark Nautilus arrived at Boston, passed the U. S. ship Columbus going into the gut of Gibraltar on the 29th Sept. from Boston. The sloop of war Marion, commander Armstrong, has orders to proceed to Central America and the West Indies. 二二 NEW JERSEY. The legislature of New Jersey on Friday last reand the last clause of the 20th section of said tariff, whenever the duty computed thereon, at said rate, will exceed the amount that would be collected, if elected William Pennington governor of that state. computed at the specific rate of two dollars and fif-Governor Pennington (whig) received 42 votes, and Wm. L. Dayton (whig) was at the same time ty cents per pound; and so, too, if cotton be and Stacy G. Potts 33. wool is not, a component part of any manufacture that has been or would be commonly called a manu-elected a senator of the United States, having refacture of silk, you should levy the rate of 30 per ceived 42 votes, and Garnet D. Wall 33. Mr. Daycent. ad valorem, which is chargeable on the same, ton had previously served in the senate, having been by virtue of the second article of the 2d section and appointed temporarily to fill the vacancy occurred GEORGIA. the last clause of the 20th section of said tariff, by the death of the hon. Samuel L. Southard. whenever the duty computed thereon at the appraised values or at the prescribed minimum, square yard values, if these are applicable, will exceed the amount that would be collected, if computed, at the pound. specific rate, of two dollars and fifty cents per ELECTION. The following is the aggregate of votes for representatives to congress at the recent election: Chappell, Wright, Whig. 33 980 Black, 35,220 35,267 Van Buren. 35 451 35,163 35,307 35,161 35,026 35,164 32,554 Lumpkin, 33,215 Stiles, Average V. B. majority, 2,204. Majority of the lowest V. B. Mr. Millen, over the highest whig, Mr. Habersham, 1 543. Also that, in all cases when manufactures of silk Gamble, debase said manufactures, yet not so much as to pre- Kenan, are made in part of wool, or cotton, so as really to Habersham, vent their still seeming to be manufactures of silk, King. you should levy thereon the specific rate of two dol- Smead,. Lars and fifty cents, per pound, by virtue of the 1st Wilde. article of the 3d section and the last clause of the 20th section of said tariff; provided, the amount of duty if computed at said specific rate, will exceed the amount that would be collected thereon, if computed at the rate of forty per cent. ad valorem, The schrs. Wave and Phenix, of the Florida squad-which, otherwise, might be assessed, wool being a component material; or, if computed at the rate of 30 ron, have gone up to the navy yard, Portsmouth. The Madisonian says--We understand that the per cent. ad valorem, which, otherwise, might be ascourt martial now sitting in New York, has found sessed, cotton being and wool not, a component macommauder Win. J. Belt, of the United states navy,terial: guilty of one of the charges preferred against him, and have sentenced him to be dismissed the naval service of the United States, and the sentence has been approved by the president. The New York American says "The president has approved the sentences of the court, cashiering commander C. L. Williamson, and midshipman Charles Weston. Midshipman Rhind, W. R. Low, and John H. M. Madison, were sentenced to be dismissed; but the prssident has substituted therefor a public reprimand, in addition to their being put back one year in their examinations. This was done in consequence of the recommendation, by the court, of midshipman Madison to executive clemency, Treasury Department, First Comptroller's Ofice, October 18, 1842. SIR: I have carefully considered the questions submitted to this department, in various modes by sun You will note that, in forming these opinions I article of the 3d section and the last clause of the This election, it will be observed, has been held under the general ticket system, and not according to the district system adopted under the new appor tionment. dry persons, whether the specific duty of two dollars in those opinions, it becomes my duty under his de- the house-giving the whigs a majority of three on And the secretary of the treasury, fully concurring the same into effect, as his instructions. I am very cision, to require you to consider, execute and carry respectfully, your obedient servant, and fifty cents, per pound, chargeable under the first levied upon manufactures made either, 1st. Of wool and silk? or, 2d. Of wool, silk and worsted? or, 3d. Of wool, silk, worsted and cotton? or, 4th. Of wool, silk and cotton? or, 5th. Of worsted, silk and cotton? or, 6th. Of cotton and silk? And I have deliberately formed the opinion, that the And that, in computing the amount of duty at the And that, upon all manufactures, which have been, or would be commonly called manufactures of silk, but which have been, or may be made in part of wool, you should levy at the rate of 40 per centum ad valorem, which is char,eable on the same, by virtue of the second article of the 1st section, To Thomas S. Smith, esq. collector, Phila. W iskonsan has decided that improvements on the public lands are not liable to be transferred as property, to the assignee for the benefit of the creditors of a bankrupt. MISCELLANEOUS. GUIDE TO AMERICAN AGRICULTURISTS. The operation of the British tariff having opened an extensive market for American produce. we offer of the highest possible value, if attended to by American agriculturists: a few remarks and suggestions which will be found PORK. The American is naturally too fat and soft. In the United States and Canada it is used as a relish; fish and vegetables are made palatable by its use; but in England it is used as a meat; hence it requires to be lean and firm, yet tender and plump, but even with these qualifications, the American might, at low prices, be gradually introduced if in cutting and packing, the mode customary in Ireland and Hamburg was adopted. This is to cut the animal into four pound pieces, excluding the knuckles, head and offal, whereby each barrel of 209 lbs. will contain fifty pieces. The barrels should have iron hoops in addition to the wooden on each bilge or end. LARD. The American hitherto sent to England is not only soft, but not well tried out, and has a grainy appearance; whereas that made in Europe, especially the finer sorts in bladders, has a fine smooth equal texture. The flavor of the American It should be is generally, however, rich and sweet. sent in bladders of the better sorts. BUTTER. The great bulk of this article is so badly made that it has been unable to stand the passage, and generally proved mere grease. The original error appears to be in not working out the battermilk and properly salting it when made. Some the butter in the United States, especially that procious flavor when new, but much of it will spoil duced on the western prairies, is of the most deli even in its transit to the sea coast. A partial reme- BACON. What has appeared from the U. States RULES OF PROCEEDING. The graziers of North Lincolnshire and East | voluntarily declared a bankrupt unless it is proved Yorkshire are already suffering greatly from the im- there is an intention to defraud, and in such case it portation of cattle into Hall from Germany and is confined to certain classes, who owe a certain Holland, and it is feared that parties who have been amount of money, and the petition must be presentin the habit of selling their stock at Barton and He-ed by one or more creditors, to whom is owing the sum of five hundred dollars. don markets will find Peel's tariff an infliction of no ordinary character, as Hull is in more constant com- 2d. SYNOPSIS OF THE PROVISIONS OF THE LAW AND munication with the exporting countries than any other port in England. The importation may never be sufficiently extensive to effect the country at large The district judges on receiving a petition for the but farmers in the immediate neighborhood of sea- benefit of the law, and in the progress of the case, ports or markets that have supplied them, must lose must first decide whether the application is by a permuch of their value in consequence of the competi-son who is entitled to relief, and is within the provition they will have to contend with. sions of the act; whether the application relates to a person resident in the State, District, or Township; and in case of involuntary bankruptcy whether an act of bankruptcy has been committed. In the last description of cases, the inquiries to be made by the district court are often exceedingly intricate and always important. In such cases, on the application of the imputed bankrupt, a trial by jury in the district court must take place. [Standford Mercury. THE BANKRUPT LAW. * 2. The nature of debts due by the petitioner, must be shown to the judge, as debtors for breaches of trusts and defalcations as public officers, cannot obtain the benefit of the bankrupt law. 3. The appointment of an assignee is to be made by the district court, and the cooperation of creditors in the choice and appointment, is not provided for. This duty imposes heavy obligations, and a careful exercise of the power so given. The bankrupt act of the United States became a AMERICAN PROVISIONS IN ENGLAND. law on the 19th of August, 1841, and was inserted in Since the passage of the new "British revenue bill," the REGISTER of September 4th, No. 1, of vol. 61, American salt provisions have been imported into with. its provisions under appropriate captions for England to some extent, which have entered largely into the consumption of the laboring classes before de- more convenient reference. The progress of the prived, in a great measure, of such food. The an- bill through congress-memorials for and against its nexed extract from the latest Liverpool European, passage, and several of the leading speeches, pro and (received per steamer Britannia) on the subject, is of interest to our farmers and packers-to whose at-Con, were inserted or noticed from time to time in tention we also commend the letter below, from a the REGISTER, as well as occasional notice since it respectable Liverpool house to a house in Cincinnati, has been in operation, of decisions of the courts, &c. on the proper mode of curing meat, particularly in under its provisions. The importance of some of the west, for the English market. [U. S. Gaz. these decisions, and the still greater importance of some of the questions yet undecided by the courts in relation to the law, as well as the apparent contrariety in some of the decisions of different courts upou the same points, make the subject one of much in-be given to the satisfaction of the court. terest to the whole community. Without being able to devote as much time as we could have wished to pruning and arrangement of the several articles PER BRITANNIA STEAMER. 4. The whole of the acts and doings of the bankrupt in course of his business may be specially bronght under the notice and examination of the district court on the application of a creditor, and on the integrity or fraudulent conduct of the debtor, the court must decide before a certificate of discharge can be given. 5. Proof of the notices required by the law must Liverpool, 1842. Gentlemen: We wish to make some few remarks in reference to the staple export of your city, pork. By our new tariff, and the low prices that seem to prevail with you for pickled pork and hams, there appears every reason to expect that these articles, if sent in a proper manner, will pay very handsomely. Almost all the pork received from New Orleans for some time past, has been altogether unsaleable from which have reached us through the public press and cannot give a discharge without the consent of two two causes. 1st-the very indifferent manner in which it has been cured, having a slimy substance all over it; and 2d, by reason of packing up in the same barrel, pieces from all parts of the hog, instead of the prime parts only. We understand that one or two persons have been sent out to your city by provision dealers here, with the view to directing the proper curing and packing, and we have no doubt that such parties will be well remunerated for their trouble. otherwise, in relation to it, nevertheless, under the 1ST. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. This letter will probably reach you just antece- It was county, delivered a few days since an elaborate de- Lankrupt law may be divided into two classes, volun- 6. When allegations of unlawful preferences by the bankrupt are made, the district judge is to enquire into them, and if proved, he is to ascertain the amount of the debts due to the creditors; as the court thirds of the creditors who have not been preferred. 7. To the court is assigned the duty, on exceptions to the allowance by the assignee to the bankrupt to decide on the quantity, value and nature of the furniture which may be retained by the bankrupt. 8. Although exammation of the bankrupt may be made before a commissioner, the whole of the matter stated in the same, must be returned to and passFed upon by the court. 9. The court must inspect the list of the debts due by the bankrupt, although the proofs of debt may be made before a commissioner. 10. This involves and imposes the duty on the court to see that every debt is legally and properly proved. The duties stated in Nos. 9 and 10 are made absolute by the provisions of the fourth section. 11. The creditors who have proved their debts, may file their dissent in writing to the allowance of must take place before the court; and if the discharge a discharge of the bankrupt, on which a hearing is refused, the bankrupt may have a trial by jury at such time and place as may be appointed by the court. 12. The trial by jury in the case stated in No. 11. must take place under special orders, and in the manner directe by the rules of the court. 13. As by the 9th section of the act, the assignee to be appointed by the court, is required to give security for the faithful discharge of his duties, the court must examine and decide on the sufficiency of the securities. 14. By the 9th section of the act, all monies received from the estates of bankrupts by assignees are to be paid into court, and by the 10th section, the district court is to order dividends to be made, and to bably makes the slime. Is the pickle always well rich, or poor, merchant, trader, mechanic, farmer/adjust all controversies for dividends. boiled and skimmed? if not, doubtless much of the slime arises in the omission. Attention in these points, we are of opinion, would remedy the evils complained of here, and give a character to your pork and hams that could hardly fail to promote your interest As regards the prices that might reasonably be expected for pork so put up, we think the pickled pork would bring from 45s. to 50 per cwl, and the pickied hams 503. to 56s. per cwt, 1. e., providing the quality was what it ought or be, or equal to Irish cured. Yours, very truly, Voluntary bankrupts, include "all persons whatever" laborer, &c. without any reference whatever to the FORM OF PROCEEDING. The judges of the district amount of their indebtedness, provided, that their debts courts of the United States have prescribed the forms shall not have been created by a defalcation as a of proceedings under this law. The mode of proceepublic officer, or an executor, adminstrator, guar-Cig in New York is thus stated in the Tribune. dian, trustee, or while acting in any other ciary 1st. The bankrupt will present, through his counsel, capacity. Such defaulters cannot have the benefit his confession of his bankruptcy, in the form of a deof the law at all. Involuntary bankrupts, include "all persons, being merchants, or using the trade of merchandise, all retailers of merchandise, and all bankers, factors, brekGEO. WRIGHT & Co. ers, underwriters, or marine insurers, owing debts to From a London paper of the 28th of September. The the amount of not less than two thousand dollars," who tariff is working, We Have in Birmingham Ameri- shall leave the state with the intent to defraud their crecan hams, equal in every respect to the best English, ditors, or shall take any other measures to accom at 5d. per pound; and excellent pork at 4.4. The pri- plish such a design. ces of fresh meat cannot long stand under such a competition. In the south of Scotland we see that the best beef, which not very long ago was 8., has fallen to 5 d., and mutton and lamb to 4d. and 5d. [Birmingham Journal. position, which will state the name of each creditor; the amount due to each; the place of each creditor's residence, and a schedule of the debtor's propertyTo this will be annexed the bankrupt's affidavit that this statement is true. His council will thereupon ask the court to enter the bankrupt's confession of bankruptcy in a decreo upon the records of the Court. This is judgment by confession, and all the bankrupt's property inmediately passes, by this decree, into the hands of such as So that all debtors can voluntarily take the benefit The ag 24. The next step in the proceedings is for the court to lix a day for the creditors and bankrupt to appear before some commissioner, to be named by the court, to examine the bankrupt, &c, An order, therefore, will be entered, directing the notice to be published | pursuance of that power, granted in the constitution my difficulties were increased on account of the in several papers, and a printed or written letter to be of the United States to congress, to establish a uni- very great defects in the bill itself. That a bank sent to each of the creditors. notifying them when form system of bankruptcy throughout the United rupt law, on proper grounds, uniform throughout the and where to appear, which notice must be published States. It provides that all persons whatever resid- union was desirable, I then thought, and still think seventy days before the bankrupt is examined before ing in any part of the union, owing debts which have so. I considered the bill as passed in August, highly the commissioner. not been created by defalcation as a public officer, defective, and that it ought to be materially amended. Thus it will be seen that there will be no more or as executor, administrator, guardian, trustee, or On the first vote in August I refused to go for it.difficulty in the court receiving the confession of judg-in any other fiduciary capacity, may petition for the The bill was lost. and on a reconsideration by the ment and petition of one thousand bankrupts in one benefit of this law. It provides further, that all house of that vote,-as the time for it to take effect day than there would be in entering up so many con- merchants, all retailers of merchandise, and all was postponed to the first day of February, 1842-I fessions of judgments in other cases in other courts. bankers (private) factors, brokers, underwriters, or came to the conclusion that I would vote for it.The proceeding is one of mere form. marine insurers, owing debts to the amount of not. This amendment, though it did not satisfy me, yet 3d. The court will appoint as many commissioners less than $2,000 shall be liable to become bankrupt induced me to give my support to the measure, the as shall be found necessary to take down all the testi- upon petition of one or more of their creditors to time for it to take effect being postponed to a day so mony in writing, which testimony of the bankrupt and whom they owe debts amounting to not less than remote as to afford congress an opportunity to alter, such witnesses as the creditors shall from time to time $500. We think it most likely that the power grant- by amendment, or repeal the law at this session, if, introduce, will be returned to the court for examina- ed to congress was intended to apply only to mer- on more mature consideration it should be deemed tion, and, finally, like proceedings in chancery, be chants and traders, and that it is unconstitutional for advisable. Subsequent reflection has but confirmed placed on file in the clerk's office for examination for congress to pass an act interfering with the insolvent me in the opinion I first entertained: that the defects all time to come. Thus, if a dishonest bankrupt es-systems of the states. As there is no clause in the in the law were such as to overbalance any good capes and obtains a discharge, it will be the fault of late bankrupt act allowing the state courts concur- that might be derived from it.” the creditor; for every word is to be taken down in rent jurisdiction there can be little doubt but that writing, and kept as a reference for the benefit of the it supercedes the insolvent laws of the states entirecreditor. So that, even should a dishonest man obtain ly if it be constitutional. A striking feature in this a discharge, the creditors have an everlasting oppor- plan is that it is not merely intended to discharge tunity to set it aside, if they shall establish an act of the person of the unfortunate debtor from prison, fraud! but to abolish the debt entirely; being likewise ex post facto in its operation, as it interferes with the obligation of contracts in force before the passage of the law. To show some of the hardships that may arise if such be the case, we quote the following from an article in the Baltimore Republican on the subject: 4th. In carrying this act into effect, the judges do not receive one dollar for the labor that will devolve upon them; not one dollar, directly or indirectly, and the officers of the court will receive no compensation that will benefit them. So that all the labor of the court and officers will be the same to them as other gratuitous duties. They nevertheless, are willing to discharge the duty, from a just conviction of the immese importance of this law to the moral as well as pecuniary interests of the people. [Special courts were called in Illinois, Indiana, Obio, Connecticut, and other States, for the purpose of receiving applications under this law.] 3d. OBJECTIONS TO, AND ALLEGED DEFECTS OF THE LAW. Difficulties between the period of application and of final release. This is the first class of voluntary bankrupts, including every man residing in the United States, and from the extensive range of the law, an inconsiderate reader would conclude that it must benefit the humblest man, as well as the most extravagant because he is included in it; but if we examine the operation of the law we shall find that a larger portion of the community are deprived of the benefit of the insolvent laws without deriving any countervailing advantage whatever from the bankrupt law. gaut debtors who are seldom imprisoned in any the United States. "Let us look at some few of, what I consider, defects of the law, contrasted with the benefits that are expected to flow from it. Will any one say that it is right and just that the principal debtor should be discharged from liability, while his security continues bound for the debt of the principal, who is thus discharged? Will any one say, that debts for money, paid by a security, shall be forever blotted out, and that he shall have no recourse on his principal for whom he has paid the money, whatever may be the change in the future circumstances of the parties? That debts for work or labor, over $25, or due more than six months, shall be cancelled by mere operation of law? That bankrupts may receive fortunes from ancestors by gift or operation of law, and enjoy them in the face of creditors, wholly exonorated from liabi lity? That those who have given property to their wives and children, (unless such gift can be voided for fraud), shall go free of debt while this property remains in the family? And that all debtors of bankrupts shall be put to the enormous expense and cost of being sued in the United States courts? I cannot believe that such a law will meet the approbation of the country when it comes to be understood. It is so expensive and attended with so much cost that it will oppress those really unfortunate and deserving, while it will, on the other hand, I fear, build up a state of splendid bankruptcies. GentleThe bankrupt law is a direct injury and a curse to men may become rich by failing a few times. But, all those who are unfortunate and wish to keep out says its advocates, let us try it! The trial will, I of jail, because it makes no provision for releasing a fear, do the mischief. I repeat, I most sincerely reman from imprisonment until he is finally discharg- gret, that it has been my duty to vote for the repeal: ed, and this cannot be done until ninety days after but, under the circumstances, I could not do otherthe petition, and seventy days' notice in the news-wise." papers, after decree, &c.: and then he cannot be 4TH. EXPENSES. The N. Y. American says: "An impression has gone abroad, particularly in the country, that the expenses under the bankrupt law, amount to a large sum, so large, as to deter many from taking the benefit of the act. The total amount of expenses for each applicant is but $26 67, of which $12 86 are paid for the advertisements. creditors file their written dissent to the discharge, "I will conclude for the present by showing that It is a known fact that a majority of persons petition for the benefit of the insolvent laws, to reThe Baltimore Sun, of the 5th February, says: lease their persons from imprisonment, and not for the purpose of saving their property (if they have "The bankrupt law begins to develope itself, and as its proportions unfold, they present nothing yet real-any) from execution; whilst another class of extraly repulsive, though some deficiencies are brought into observation. We will advert briefly to its practical effects. According to the opinion of the late Chief justice Marshall, expressed probably some twenty years ago, our insolvent laws will be hereaf ter a dead letter; and should this opinion obtain in our courts of justice, all proceedings had in virtue of their operation subsequent to the 2d of February, 1842, will be null and void. Chief Justice Marshall held, that whenever the national government exercised the right to pass a national bankrupt act, the insolvent laws of the states would be virtually re-discharged if a majority in amount and value of his pealed. Out of this opinion proceeds this deficiency in the new law, that it makes no provision for the release of the debtor from imprisonment in the interim between his application and final release, and he is in consequence entirely unprotected from malicious prosecution. Thus it is in the power of the creditor who has only a claim of a single dollar against the bankrupt, to incarcerate him during the term of his pending application-some ninety days; for the debtor can neither pay the dollar nor give security therefor, without fraud or injustice to the other creditors, nor dare the creditor receive it withThe insolvent laws were administered in the city of out becoming amenable to the law. Here seems a Baltimore by three commissioners, and in the coundeficiency, and its only remedy appears to be in the ties in the state by the judges of the orphans courts instant repeal of the state law authorising imprison- in part during the recess of the county courts, and ment for debt. By some it is supposed that the na- thus speedy relief was brought home to every man's ture of the difficulty is one which would justify the door. But the case is entirely altered by the bankcourt in releasing the debtor on security for his ap-rupt law, and every man in this state before he can pearance on the day set apart for his final hearing; obtain the benefit of it must make his personal apwe cannot see the necessity of security, if the whole pearance before the district judge in the city of Balof his assets go at once into the hands of an assig- timore, although he may live in the remotest county, and this fact the framers of the law had in and be in jail for the sum of sixpence and costs, in view doubtless, when they neglected to provide for which case an officer must bring him before the this emergency, supposing it to be provided for. But judge to meet his creditors after twenty days notice we see the whole operation upon a broader ground. of his application, and seventy days after this time The grand object of the law was to protect from im- he will be decreed entitled or not to a final discharge prisonment the bankrupt who honestly gives up his or certificate; thus the petition is pending 90 days, whole effects to his creditors, use; hence the law ne- during all which time the petitioner must remain in ver contemplated the imprisonment of the debtor; jail or be subject to the executions of his creditors." and it appears to us that the bankrupt law as comThe honorable P. G. Goode in a letter to the editor pletely abrogates the law of imprisonment for debt, as it does the insolvent law of the state. of the Sidney Aurora, dated Washington, February, what it was intended to do, there exists no deficien- 1842, assigns his reasons for voting for the repeal of cy here; and we see no propriety in the operation of a national law which repeals one portion of the state laws relating to a particular subject, and not another. нее, If this is The Wilmington Democrat, urges the following objections to the law: "The bankrupt law, passed at the late extra session of congress, was enacted in the bankrupt law at the then session, and before it the bill at the time it passed. He says "When this law was before the house, in August, I had much doubt of the propriety of its passage, owing to the grounds taken by the bill; and 5TH. APPROVAL OF THE LAW. The Philadelphia Gazette holds the following language: "The bankrupt law disappoints people in every section of the coun try. The mere proposition of it was a perfect bugbear to many individuals. In this city, its passage was considered equivalent to signing the death warrant of half the Philadelphia merchants. The law was not only resisted stoutly by individuals here, but corporate bodies undertook to enter their solemn protest against its enactment by congress. They de precated its dishonest influence, and inferred erron eously that every man who was indebted here would necessarily take advantage of the law. Every kind of imaginary evil was conjured up, and some oversensitive people saw nothing but crime and perjury, and a train of monstrous evils following at the very heels of the bankrupt law. In this city, as every where else, the number of applicants is very small. They bear no comparison to the number which every body expected would present themselves. So far as we can learn, the results of its operation are most happy. Inexorable creditors have been oblig ed to yield, and thousands who were willing to surrender every farthing of their property are now no longer "under the harrow." Compromises have been made on every side, amicable agreements entered into, old affairs closed up, and fresh clean ledgers opened by men whose hands have been shackled, so that their time was misused and their industry profitless and unavailable. The practical workings of the law are as happy as they are decisive upon the interests of both parties. We consider the law one of the most benign in its influence and important in its results which has ever been enacted by the American congress. [Phila. Gas. |