NEWSPAPER STATISTICS. In France, under the old constitution, they had what was called the Tiers Etat, or parliament, which in finance and power was a large part of the realm. In this country, and indeed in Europe also the press has become the Tiers Etat, which though not vested by the constitution with the forms of power, holds very much of the substance. The following is the number of the different classes of newspapers and periodicals in the United States, arranged according to rank:Dailies. Weeklies. Semi-W. Perod. S. Carolina, 1 in 12,700 1 in 8,700 1 in 8,853 Pennsylvania 1 in New Hamp. 1 in 8,623 Arkansas, Vermont Indiana a great advantage for inland purposes over the ordi-feet at the bottom, 20 feet in depth, and will be na- WASHINGTON'S SWORD. Lewisburg, October 26, 1842. In looking over the Virginia Herald of the 224 instant, I read a piece headed the "Battle Sword," having reference to the sword of General Washington. It appears from that notice, that it would be desirable to know what has become of the sword. Mr. Samuel T. Washington, the great nephew of Gen. Washington, has it in his possession, and is the rightful owner-he lives in Kanawha county, Va. It is a sword of moderate size, with a green hilt, an old buckskin belt, with solid silver buckles, &c.— the letters G. W. 1757, are engraved on the clasp or buckle-he also has the black gold headed cane, which was bequeathed to Gen. Washington by Dr. Benjamin Franklin. The above sword and cane were left by Gen. Washington to his nephew, Sam'l Washington; and. at his death, became the property of his son, Samuel T. Washington, the present propricta". Mr. Samuel T. Washington was in Lewisburg in August last, on his way to Jefferson county, Va. He had the above sword, belt and cane, with him-he was on horse back, and finding them unhandy to carry in that way, he left them in my care until his return. The court of appeals was then in session at this place and I took great pleasure in showing them to the judges, and a number of gentlemen who were then boarding at my house. On the return of Mr. Washington, I gave them to him, and he took them with him to Kanawha, where I have no boubt they are at this time. Yours, respectfully, JAMES FRAZER. Mr. W. C. Johnson in a letter, dated Oct. 25th, to the editors of the National Intelligencer, confirins the above fact, and expresses the hope and belief that it may be procured by suitable application and placed in the National Institute at Washington. UNION OF THE ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC. The company chartered by the government of New Grenada to construct a ship canal connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans have completed their surveys, made a road over the Isthmus, and are proceeding to make the canal. An authentic account in the Cincinnati Chronicle says: The company having completed a provisional or Kentucky 1 in 12,980 temporary road from the bay of Charera on the PaVirginia 1 in 14,125 cific to the town of Chagres on the Atlantic ocean, 1 in 9,023 N. Carolina 1 in 17,500 is not only freed from the necessity of requiring adSlave states 1 in 10,787 Free states 1 in 8,285 ditional time, but the republic of New Grenada The above proportions are worth looking at. The could not refuse it without violating its engagements, following conclusions may be drawn: since the company have completed its contract before even the expiration of the time limited for the construction of any communication whatever. Besides this, it has caused the whole country through which the projected canal is to pass, as well as all the rivers and water courses which must contribute to it, to be thoroughly explored. 1. Three of the oldest and most influential states of the American union, viz: Virginia, N. Carolina, and S. Carolina, have the smallest proportional number of newspapers, (as they have also the fewest persons who know how to read), to the white population, but if the black be included, they fall far be hind. 2. Where newspapers most prevail, as in Massachusetts, New York, &c., there are also most schools, -most enterprise-most wealth, and most progress. The conclusion is not that newspapers occasion these results, but that the press and intelligence go together mutual helps to each other. These explorations. conducted with great talent by the engineer, Morel, have demonstrated that the Isthmus of Panama, instead of being a ridge of rocks, as many geographers have described it, is, on the contrary, a valley from four to thirteen miles in width, and scattered over with conical heights of from 20 to 60 feet elevation, which, on the east and west, The proportional number of papers appears large rest upon low chains varying from 110 to 415 feet in in Louisiana and Mississippi; but this is caused by height. Among these small conical heights, wind in two evident facts: Each of them has large commer- all directions various streams and rivers, which decial towns, and each more blacks than whites; the scend from the termination of the Andes and unite proportion being taken only in respect to the latter. in two principal channels. The one, which is the riThe subject is important in more respects than ver Chagres, throws itself into the Caribbean Sea; one. If the press be thus numerous and powerful, the other, called the Rio Grande, flows towards the how is a nation to be purified in its morals unless the press be purified? That which is seen, read, heard every day, like the air we breathe, will communicate strength or weakness, healing or disease. Cincinnati Chron. A NEW STEAM ENGINE. The Cincinnati Enquirer of a recent date speaks of an improved steam engine now exhibiting in that city invented by James A. Stewart of Tennessee. It is said to be the simplest application of steam yet known, which, says the Erquirer, being combined with its economy, gives it Pacific ocean. The dividing country between these North Carolina, Virginia is very near the end of the list. This is bad, and we trust she will not be allowed to maintain that position many years. But that the north state should be the very lowest in the literary scale, is not what we would have predicted. We thought she, one of the old thirteen, so marked for her patriotism in the times that tried men's souls, would not have been so far behind the younger states that have been added to the republican family. While the above table is a source of sufficient mortification to Virginians, it is certainly no source of consolation that there is still a lower depth than that reached by their state, and least of all is it consoling that North Carolina has reached the lowest depth. THE SUGAR CROP FROM CANE AND BEET IN 1841.-The Havana Noticioso gives observations useful to the sugar planters of Cuba, from which we extract the following.-[New Orleans Com. Bulletin. In the reign of Henry IV, about two centuries and a half ago, sugar was so scarce in France that the apothecaries sold it by the ounce, at a price equal to that which is now given for quinine. In the year 1700, the consumption did not exceed 2,170,000 lbs. annually, or about 3 ounces per head-the popula tion being about 16,000,000. The great consumption of sugar dates only from the 18th century. In the The excavation or cutting necessary to unite the year 1789, 42 910,000 lbs. were consumed in France Atlantic and Pacific oceans by means of the river alone. Vino Tinto, Bernardino, and Fazfan, is only twelve In 1643, the English commenced the cultivation of miles and a half; the fall will be regulated by four the cane in Barbadoes, and the French in Guadadouble locks of 188 feet in length. The whole of loupe. In 1750, the total exports from the West Inthe projected canal will be 49 miles in length, 136 dies were 30 290,000 lbs. being about one fifth as much feet'in breadth at the surface of the water, and 55 as the present export. In 1837, there were in Guadaloupe and Martinico,) 1000 mills, which manufactured 75,950,000 lbs. of sugar in the former, and 51,250 000 in the latter; in Cayenne 50 mills turned out 8,000,000 lbs.; and in the island of Bourbon 110 mills produced annually from 46 to 48 millions; making a grand total of 100 to 102 millions of lbs. of brown sugar. The population of Cuba in 1827, was 704,487-of contracting parties at Washington does not tend to these werebring it up, hereafter. in a far more bitter aspect, I Total. have in vain read the history of the rival monopo. 311.051 lies in trade, or traced in the inevitable state of so57,514 cial and commercial relations on the outer frontiers, 48 920 the prolific sources of future Indian wars. Very 286.942 respectfully, HENRY R. SCHOOLCRAFT. Whites, Males. Females. 28,058 29.456 23.904 183.290 25 076 103 652 In Louisiana, the cultivation of cotton has super- Cuba, Porto Rico and Brazil cultivate the cane largely, and even Cochin China, Manilla, and Dutch India produce much. In 1840, the product of sugar, from both cane and beet, was as follows: British colonies, Island of Cuba, SUGAR FROM CANE. Bengal, Manilla, China and Siam, French colonies, Brazil, Louisiana, Dutch colonies, Porto Rico, NORTHWESTERN FRONTIER. 6 Craven street, Strand, London, Sept. 13, 1842. BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAIL ROAD-ExTENSION TO CUMBERLAND.-The completion of the Baltimore and Ohio rail road to Cumberland has been accomplished some days earlier than was intimated previously. On Thursday last a train of cars, containing the president and directors, and a few gentlemen invited to accompany them, left the depot in Pratt street, at seven o'clock, a. m., to traverse the entire length of the road from Baltimore to Cumberland. The day was pleasant, and the expedition throughout proved to be very agreeable. The late treaty with Britain leaves unsettled one of the most important matters in dispute between the two countries-namely, the northwestern frontier. The time when the treaty was made was the moment for adjusting that question. England was ex ceedingly anxious for a pacific arrangment with this The route from this city to Hancock has been for country, in order that she might be left free to pro- some time open to travel. From the latter point to secute her wars with China and the Afghans, with- Cumberland, a distance of fifty-five miles, the road is out the apprehension of being obliged to employ any just finished, and for the first time on Thursday, the of her troops in defence of her pretensions to the de- inhabitants of the wild regions of the Alleghany bebateable land in Maine. The British interests in-held a train of cars drawn by a smoking locomotive volved in the question were also smaller and weaker among their hills. than they will ever be at any future period. We The rails are heavily laid, of the best iron, and shall probably never see so auspicious a moment for after the most approved style of construction; and so arranging the difference peacefully and advanta- well graded is the road, and so firmly settled, that 17,367 000 cwt.geously. the cars rolled smoothly onwards at a velocity unusAccording to the most accredited statements, the We republish from the London Morning Chroni-ual even in rail road travelling. The entire distance consumption of sugar in various countries is as fol-cle, a letter of professor Schoolcroft, written during from Baltimore to Cumberland, 178 miles, was perhis recent visit to Europe, from which our readers formed, including stoppages, in ten hours; and upon In the island of Cuba and the West Indies 45,000,- will judge of the importance of this question, and the new portions of the road the rate of speed was 000 lbs., or about 60 lbs. each for every free person. | the danger of its postponement: considerably beyond the average of the rate on that In Ireland, 39,000 000, or 4 lbs. to each person. To the editors of the Morning Chronicle: part of the road between the city and Harper's ferry, In Russia, 58,000,000, or 1 lb. to which is constructed with a different rail. In Germany, 30,000 000, or 1 lb. to In Holland. 49,000,000, or 18 lbs. to In Spain, 50 000,000, or 5 lbs. to In England and Scotland, 25 lbs to In France. 8 lbs. to France and Germany are estimated to produce from the beet one half of all the sugar consumed within their limits. The route from Hancock to Cumberland pursues the margin of the Potomac river, with four exceptions. The first occurs at the Doe Gulley, 18 miles above Hancock, where by a tunnel of 1200 feet in length a bend of the river is cut off, and a distance of nearly four miles saved. The second is at the Paw Paw Ridge, where a distance of nearly two miles is saved by a tunnel of 250 feet in length. The third and fourth are within six miles of Cumberland, where two bends are cut across by the route with a considerable lessening of distance. In advancing westward from Hancock the line passes along the western base of Warm Spring Ridge, approaching within a couple of miles of the Berkley Springs, which are at the eastern foot of that ridge. It thus sweeps around the termination of the Cacapon mountain, opposite the remarkable and insulated eminence called the "Round Top." Thence the road proceeds to the crossing of the Great Cacapon river, nine and a half miles above Hancock, which is crossed by a bridge about 400 feet in length. Within the next mile it passes dam No. 6, the present termination of the finished part of the Chesapeake and Ohio canal, and soon after it enters the gap of Sideling hill, that famous bug-bear of the traveller which on the National turnpike opposes such a formidable barrier to his journey, but which here is unnoticed except in the fine profile which it exhibits on each side of the river, as it declines rapidly to the water level. SIR: While the public is anxiously awaiting the promulgation of the late treaty, it may be pertinent to inquire whether the boundary line west, from the Lake of the Woods to the Pacific, has been adjusted? It is here, in the view of most men at all acquainted with the subject, that the real bone of future contention between the two countries lies. And the longer the line is left unsettled, the greater will be the practical difficulties attending its satisfactory adjustment. If there be any one just right more than another upon which Americans will prove themselves pertinacious, it is the right of territory. While eighteen millions of an active population are daily sending their surplus or enterprising members west, and that region constitutes the great theatre of expansion for the Saxon and Celtic races, it would be utterly in disregard of the past, if we did not anticipate pertinacity for the future. Territory is, in more senses than one, the life-blood of an agricultural people. The rapidity with which population doubles in America must keep up the demand for new land; the circle of settlement is daily widening and spreading west of the Alleghanies, and it must not only reach the Pacific in a few years, bus spread laterally north and south. That they will battle for the territory when the time comes, let no one doubt. At present, however, the active field for emigration is still confined to the Mississippi valley. The Oregon territory is chiefly known to hunters and fur merchants. A very small American population is 9,134 seated south of the Columbia. A few missionaries 17,224 have planted corn here, while the natives demanded but a part of their labors. The leading interest is 38,666 the fur trade, which is divided between the parties 26,125 claiming territory. But no one who does not shut 22,728 his eyes to the fact can doubt that, from the capture 1,119 of Astoria in 1812, the American interest and trade with the native tribes have declined, while that of the The next point of interest reached is the tunnel at 137,498 British companies have greatly increased. Are the the Doe Gulley. The approaches to this formidable latter prepared to give up the territory they occupy work are very imposing, as for several miles above north of the Columbia? Is it the spirit of those who, and below the tunnel they cause the road to occupy in thirst for gain, murdered Keveny and shot Semple, a high level on the slopes of the river hills, and thus their own kindred, to spare their American rivals afford an extensive view of the grand mountain the moment they shall enter the possessed territory? scenery around. The tunnel is, as before mentioned, Those American editors deceive themselves, who about a quarter of a mile in length, through a comaffirm that while the settlement of this boundary is pact slate rock, which is being arched with brick to left untouched, it is imperceptibly being settled by preserve it from future disintegration by atmospheric the progress of emigration. There is not, it is be-action. The fronts or facades of the arch are of a lieved, a solitary American settler or trader north of fine white sand stone procured from the summit of the Columbia. Yet it is the general and settled be- the neighboring mountain. The work of arching is lief in America that their right to the entire valley proceeding without interruption to the travel. The of that river, north as well as south, as far as the re- width of the opening within the brick work will be 15 986 motest tributaries reach, is indisputably just. Mr. 21 feet, and the height 20 affording room for two 623 Greenhow, in his memoir, has clearly demonstrated tracks. The height of the hill above the roof of the 327 this position by minute references to discoveries and tunnel is 110 feet. The excavation and embank153 occupations by land and sea. Rights of territory on-ments adjacent are very heavy and consist of the 309 ly asserted, but practically waived, for a series of slate rock through which the tunnel is cut. 81 years, always assume the shape of diplomatic con- Above this point the line pursues the very sinuous part of the river lying between Sideling Hill on the 160 quite an example, for there certainly was a time east, and Fawn Hill on the west. The curves are not 668 when nobody disputed the American claim, or set however abrupt, but form fine sweeping circuits, passthe value of a pin's head upon it. And if the pre- ing sometimes along beautiful alluvial bottoms and 18,977 sent avoidance of the Oregon boundary by the high again at the foot of precipitous cliffs. 22,000 25,010 184,000 Mexico, Colombia, Peru and Rio de la Plata, 670 troversy, of which the Maine boundary line was North America, In the gap of this mountain are the coal veins which R. Caton, esq., with that zeal which has al ways distinguished his researches in this branch of practical geology, is endeavoring to turn to profitable account. The slack water of the canal dam extends some two miles above Sideling hill. The Paw Paw Ridge Tunnel was next reached,, thirty miles from Hancock, and twenty-five miles helow Cumberland. This tunnel is through a soft slate rock, and is curved horizontally with a radius of 750 feet. It is of the same sectional dimensions with the Doe Gulley tunnel, and is completely arched with brick, and fronted with white sand stone. Thence the route reaches Little Cacapon Creek 21 miles from Cumberland. At the mouth of this stream there are fine flats, and a beautiful view of the mountains to the eastward. The viaduct over the creek is 143 feet. About 51 miles further on, the south brarch of the Potomac was crossed on a bridge 400 feet long. This is in fact the main Potomac, and would have been (as the story runs) so treated by the commissioners who determined the boundary of Maryland and Virginia, but that the north branch has the appearance, at the confluence of being the larger stream. The river bottoms, are here wide and exceedingly fertile, and the scenery very beautiful. The arching of the strata in the section of the South Branch Mountain, just above the junction, is most remarkable and grand. The two following are from the acts passed in 1668: "Chapter III. An act against persons that refuse to have their children baptized. Shriver, of Cumberland, for many acts of kindness tised. We may congratulate our fellow citizens upon the new connections which the road now forms with the "Be it therefore enacted by this present General Assemgreat west, and upon the promising aspect of the bly and the authority thereof, That all and every person company's affairs which gives assurance that no ef- or persons, that, in contempt of the Divine Sacraforts on their part will be wanting to complete those ment of Baptism, shall refuse, when he or they may connections by bringing the Ohio river into direct carry his or their child or children to a lawful miniscommunication with the Chesapeake. The Allegha-ter in that county where he or they dwell, to have nies are now near neighbors; they may be almost them baptised, shall be amerced two thousand pounds considered as forming the western ridge of our hori- of tobacco; half to the parish-half to the informer. zon. For the first time the sound of the locomotive "Chapter V.—An act for the punishment of scandalous has been heard in those fastnesses. In no part of the country has the enterprising spirit of the east penetrated so far to the west through such mountainous difficulties; and the point now attained in the bosom of the distant hills is but a resting place from which a new advance will be speedily made with fresh energy. persons. "1. WHEREAS, many babbling women slander and scandalize their neighbors, for which their poor busbands are often involved in chargeable and vexatious suits, and cast in great damages: Some two miles above we passed by a fine straight 2. Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, line. over the widely expanded flats opposite the anThat in actions of Slander, occasioned by the wife, cient village of Old Town, in Maryland. These are We cannot conclude our notice this morning with- after judgment passed for the damages, the woman the finest bottom lards on the river, and from the up-out referring again to the excellence of construction shall be punished by ducking; and if the slander be per end of them we obtained the first view of the by which the new portion of the road is distinguish-so enormous as to be adjudged at greater damages Knobly Mountain, that remarkable range which lies ed. Every improvement which science has brought than five hundred pounds of tobacco, then the woman in a line with the town of Cumberland, and is so sin- to this department of engineering, has been success- to suffer ducking for each five hundred pounds of togularly diversified by a profile which makes it appear fully used by the chief engineer, B. H. Latrobe, esq bacco adjudged against the husband, if he refuse to like a succession of artificial mounds. Dan's Moun- under the judicious dictation of his own genius and pay the tobacco." tain towers over it, forming a fine back ground to the well matured experience. The president and direcview. Soon after, the route passes the high cliffs tors expressed the utmost satisfaction at the eviknown by the name of Keely's Rocks, where there dences of skill and masterly execution afforded nas been very heavy excavations. throughout the whole route. The entire manage ment of affairs on the road shows that capability and well ordered arrangement prevail throughout every department. The influence of the able head of the company is witnessed in its diffusion through all parts of the system by the promptness and regularity with whicn every thing is conducted, and by the happy results which continue to attend the exertions of the board in their well directed labors for the accomplishment of the great undertaking in which they are engaged. [Ball. Amer. 6th Nov. 91 miles. As an act was passed in 1705 for "the building and maintaining of prisons, pillories, whipping posts, stocks and ducking stools in every county," we may infer that this last quoted act was not suffered to remain a dead letter, and that occasionally the husbands of these "babbling women." were ungallant enough to "refuse to pay the tobacco."-[Southern Literary Mes senger. TREATY OF WASHINGTON. Patterson's creek, eight miles from Cumberland, was next reached. Immediately below the stream is a lofty mural precipice of limestone and sandstone rock, singularly perforated in some of the ledges by openings which look like Gothic loop holes. The valley of the creek is very straight and bordered by beautiful flats. The viaduct over this stream is 150 feet long. Less than two miles above, and six miles from Cumberland, the north branch of the The Paris correspondent of the National IntelliPotomac is crossed by a viaduct 700 feet long, and gencer says rising in a succession of steps-embracing also a "In a recent communication I repeated to you the crossing of the Chesapeake and Ohio canal. This A PROTRACTED LAW SUIT. The follow-suggestion of a London paper, that Lord Palmerston extensive bridge carried us out of Virginia and land-ing case, lately decided in the supreme court of Ber-was assisted in his war through the Morning Chronied us once more in old Maryland, which, having left lin, proves (says the Boston Daily Advertiser) that cle, on the Ashburton treaty, by the two British at Harper's Ferry, we kept out of it for a distance of it is not in English and American courts alone that commissioners who reported on the boundary line. there is room to chide the law's delay. It is probaThe route thence to Cumberland is across two bly a suit of the longest duration of any on record, bends of the river, between which the stream of being of somewhat over three hundred years standing. Evett's Creek is crossed by a viaduct of 100 feet It is very certain that there can be no suits in any of our courts which can compare with it in age. It is stated that the celebrated count Egmont, who was beheaded at Brussels in 1564, by order of the duke of Alva, figured at one time as a witness in it. The dispute was between the Aremberg family, and the family of Manderscheid. The law process began in 1539, and the subject in dispute was a sum of about 200,000 thalers, which the first named family claimed from the latter by virtue of a marriage contract which was concluded in 1517. Eighteen courts have As it was not designed to stop on the road, an ele-in succession been occupied with it; in the last place, gant cold collation was prepared in one of the cars, that of Munster. fitted up for the purpose, under the direction of Mr. The superior court at Berlin has condemned the Barnum, of the city hotel, whose skill in such mat- Manderscheid family to pay to that of Aremberg, ters is too well known to need commendation. The attention of the company was equally divided between the excellence of the fare and the novelty of 30 or 40 gentlemen comfortably enjoying a collation while travelling at the rapid rate of 25 or 30 miles per hour. span. The entrance to the town of Cumberland is beautiful, and displays the noble amphitheatre in which it lies to great advantage-the gap of Will's mountain, through which the road is to wend its way westward, being a justly prominent feature of the view. The company's depot in Cumberland is in a central position at the intersection of the rail road and national turnpike. the sum claimed, but without interest, and has de- 1661. 1662) Injustice was done to one of them at least, Mr. Featherstonhaugh, of whose name the Paris journals of this day make two, by dividing it equally. At the late meeting of the Cornwall Folytechnic Association, held at Falmouth, he delivered a sensible, pithy speech, in favor of the whole compromise in the boundary question. The Chronicle perseveres in its patriotic labor of teaching the American people how to construe the treaty in the sense and bearing most disadvantageons to Great Britain. But the editor has admitted an essay signed A., (comprised in my printed budget,) which must prove more successful with his readers to reconcile them to the settlement than all the cavils and invectives which have been lavished for the contrary purpose. The radical and semi-radical authorities declare for Lord Ashburton in emphatic terms, creditable to their judgment and liberality. The Sun acknowledges that it erred in distrusting him originally for the proper ends and conduct of his mission. I have received from the correspondence the same impressions. The Sun says: "He seems to have carried on his negotiations with the spirit of an enlightened merchant, who knows to the fraction of a farthing what the thing is worth which he wants to buy-who states at once what he will give for it, and who cannot be overreached. His letters seem to us to form quite an epoch in diplomatic proceedings. They go straight to the object in view, and state clearly what he is prepared to concede and what to refuse.” The Tory Standard excuses its former railing against the United States; avers that it took a broad distinction between the Mackenzie and Rensselaer rebels and "the mass of our American brethren." It has discovered that the British and Americans are "nations which ought to cultivate peace for the sake of the moral and intellectual advancement of mankind, as well as for a thousand inferior reasons." The Spectator says: In about ten hours after the train left Baltimore, the town of Cumberland appeared in view. The OLD LAWS OF VIRGINIA.-The following road for some distance from the town was lined with are extracted from an old collection of the laws of the inhabitants who had turned out en masse to wit- Virginia. They appear to have been in force as late ness the arrival of the first train of cars drawn by as the year 1733, in which year the Collection" was a locomotive, and to welcome the president and di-published at Williamsburg. The first act in the rectors of the rail road company on the first trip.-book provides for the erection of a church or chapel The scene was animated and a band of music station of ease in every parish. ed near the termination of the road added to the live- "Chapter XCI. Divulgers of false news. (Passed liness of the scene. The event was looked upon as one of deep interest to the town, and the joyfulness that pervaded every countenance showed that the importance of the completion of the road was fully appreciated. Soon after their arrival the president and direc- 2. Be it enacted, That what person or persons sotors of the rail road company and those accompany-ever shall forge or divulge any such false reports "It would be a miserable waste of time to follow ing them were invited by col. Young. president of tending to the trouble of the country, he shall be by the war faction into all their pettifogging quibbles cne of the coal and iron companies, to visit the coal the next justice of the peace, sent for and bound about the terms of Lord Ashburton's treaty. There mines near Frostburg. The invitation was accepted over to the next county court, where, if he produce is a very short process by which their present conby Mr. McLane and nine or ten of the directors, and not his author, he shall be fined two thousand pounds duct may be brought to the test. Do they mean to as the weather was remarkably fine they no doubt of tobacco; (or less, if the court think fit to lessen oppose the ratification of the treaty? Will the lead. had a very interesting visit. it;) and besides, give bonds for his behaviour, if it ers in parliament move an address to the queen to appear to the court that he did maliciously publish withhold the ratification? If they attempt such a or invent it." course we guess their mortification will be conside The company from Baltimore felt and expressed themselves under many obligations to Mr. Thomas "1. WHEREAS, many idle and busy-headed people do forge and divulge false rumors and reports to the great disturbance of the peace of his Majesty's liege people of this colony. rable when they come to count the number of libe- ed their terms and taken their corn in exchange for population. The clergy have not recommended rals, of whatsoever shade or complexion, who will our manufactures." [Applause.] be found to follow them to the vote. If they con- PRESS. themselves to the laboring classes so as to win their hearts. Honorable exceptions there are; but such. THE AMERICAN TARIFF-LANGUAGE OF THE PARIS we apprehend. is too often the fact. They need not The Paris correspondent of the National Intelli-trations have not, as the result demonstrates, been more churches, but more popularity. Their minisgencer writes— adapted to the intellect and the wants of the many. "The changes are still, daily, and angrily rung here Instead of blindly and mechanically extending an on your tariff; yet not a few of the French manufac-agency, which has so miserably failed, as to exhibit an turers, agriculturists, and polit cian. see the matter infidel population, would it not be better for the heads in a light for France similar to that in which Mr. of the church to inquire in what mode its institutions Cobden exhibits it for Great Britain. La Presse of can be rendered more generally interesting, attrac10th instant has three editorial columns on the ques- tive and efficient? Unless something of this sort be tion of the territory of Oregon. The details of fact done, the mere enlargement of the present ecclesiasare drawn from Washington Irving's Astoria, which tical apparatus can only prove to be a costly blunhas been translated. The editor decides that both der!" English and Americans have specious claims as well as great interest in the controversy, and that every year adjustment becomes more difficult and the danger of collision increases. The National of the 10th treats copiously of American credit and customs, and predicts the speedy repeal of the tariff; it again blames M. Guizot and M. de Bacourt for not having obtained more concessions to French commerce from congress. The new semi-weekly paper entitled Paris, which confines itself to topics of trade, manufactures, and literature, is to-day particularly querulous about your high duties. La Quotidienne cannot forgive "the austere republicans" of Pennsylvania, "the descendents of the sanctimonious Quakers," BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE U. STATES OF for a general insolvency, for which even the Spanish American States would not be pardoned, with the excuse of perpetual civil war.” HISTORY-THE CHURCH-EDUCATION-THE PRESS. The following extract is from the Paris corres The Commerce asserts on the authority of a letter from Munich, that the Bavarian minister of the interior has sent a circular to all the females keeping schools for the daughters of persons of the middle class, prohibiting the teaching of the French language, it being the will of the government that girls of this class shall receive an education calculated to make them good housewives, instead of acquiring a taste for French manners. TREATY WITH GREAT BRITAIN. AMERICA. A PROCLAMATION. WHEREAS a treaty between the United States of America and her majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain a d Ireland was concluded and signed by their plenipotentiaries, at Washingon, on the ninth day of August, one thousand eight hundred and forty-two, which treaty is, word for word, as follows: treaty to settle and define the boundaries between the territories of the United States and the possessions of her Britannic majesty in North America; for the final suppression of the African slave-trade; and for the giving up of criminals, fugitive from justice, in cer tain cases. Americans should profit by truths uttered by their rivals for trade. Mr. Cobden recently addressed a meeting at Manchester, in the following language-ultimo. We hear complaints against the Americans for "Part of my leisure for general reading, since my having passed this tariff; and we find the monopolist removal into Paris, has been given to the British litnewspapers railing against the American legislature erary and scientific journals for the present month. on that account. Why, if they are sincere in their The London Quarterly Review appears to me strong. professions that it is well for us to depend upon our-The article on poetry is curious and just When I selves for what we want, surely that doctrine ap- had seen the historian Alison's account of the battle plies to other countries as well as to our own; and of Waterloo, I anticipated such strictures as the they ought to hail its adoption in foreign nations, and Quarterly passes on his bold critique of Wellington's between the United States of America, and the BriWhereas certain portions of the line of boundary be glad to see what the Americans are about. But management. In his narrative of the campaign, in- tish dominions in North America, described in the they are reviling the Americans for carrying out cluding the battle of Toulouse and the final opera-second article of the treaty of peace of 1783, have their own principles. Why, let them fight our bat- tions of the British army at Bordeaux, there is also not yet been ascertained and determined, notwithtle on transatlantic ground, if they choose: we will a section entitled Errors of Wellington, which must leave them in the slough of their inconsistency. But be thought equally presumptuous and invidious by heretofore made for that purpose; and whereas it is standing the repeated attempts which have been what has been the cause of this American tariff? the military associates and thorough admirers of the We must not lose sight of the fact, that it is our Duke. The leading article of Blackwood's Maga- that, avoiding further discussion of their respective now thought to be for the interest of both parties own fault, and our own fault entirely, that we are zine, on the completion of Allison's able and imshut out of the American market. We will go back portant history," proves the good fortune of the his- rights arising in this respect under the said treaty, to 1833. We know that at that perio great excite-torian in being a high tory and a Scotchman. His tions of the said boundary, such as may be convethey should agree on a conventional line in said porment existed in the states on the subject of their work is pronounced to be "one of the noblest offer-nient to both parties, with such equivalents and comtariff on our manufactured goods; the excitement ings which our age has laid on the altar of historic pensations as are deemed just and reasonable; and was excessive, and in one state, the sta e of Caro-literature-one to which the continent of Europe whereas, by the treaty concluded at Ghent on the lina, which sends us our principal supply of cotton, has yet offered no rival," &c The modern French the people rose almost into rebellion against the go-historians are decried in order to set in higher relief States and his Britannic majesty, an article was 24th day of December, 1814, between the United vernment on account of the high duties which were the excellence of the more than Gibbon of Edinimposed on our manufactures. And we know the burgh. Paris possesses several writers in this de- agreed to and inserted of the following tenor, viz: consequence was, that an act was passed in 1833 re- partment much superior to Alison; and, in general, lable with the principles of humanity and justice, "Art. 10. Whereas the traffic in slaves is irreconciducing the duties on the import of our manufactured France is far richer and mightier in "historic litera- and whereas both his majesty and the United States goods into America, every year, for ten years, until ture"-contemporary, I mean-than Great Britain. are desirous of continuing their efforts to promote its at the end of ten years there should be no higher Blackwood's reviewer turns Alison's chapter on entire abolition, it is hereby agreed that both the duty than 20 per cent. on any our manufactured America to monarchical account with the fiercest commodities. That act expired at midsummer this zeal. "Trading without capital and currency with-contracing parties shall use their best endeavors to year. Now, what has been done by our government? out specie," says the Magazine, are the two grand notwithstanding the laws accomplish so desirable an object." And whereas, What has been done by this country to meet that li- charlatanries of the world; America tries them fully times been passed by the two governments and the which have at various beral and that reciprocal policy which was offered Successful swindling appears the favorite triumph efforts made to suppress it, that criminal traffic is to us by the United States? Why, if this had been of the Yankee: it is his instinct." Jefferson is styl- still prosecuted and carried on; and whereas the going on in the moon, it would not have excited less ed a revolutionist, a rebel, and the ultra-republican, United States of America and her majesty the attention with our successive governments, and, I and the American revolution denied to be better than queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and am sorry to say, less attention with our people. We sheer rebellion. But the reviewer sees the prolific Ireland, are determined that, so far as may be in have been utterly regardless of the attempts of Ame- cause of all American delinquency and calamity in their power, it shall be effectually abolished; and rica to trade with us. Now, at the end of the ten the want of religious education, owing to that of an whereas it is found expedient, for the better adminisyears, the Americans look at the result of their poli-established Episcopal church. "There are vast mul-tration of justice and the prevention of crime withcy; and they actually find that they are doing less titudes of Americans," he adds, "who have not been in the territories and jurisdiction of the two parties, business with us now, at the end of the ten years, even baptized; not less that five millions are almost than when they begun their reductions. Their cot- wholly without divine worship." From time to time hereinafter enumerated, and being fugitives from respectively, that persons committing the crimes ton, tobacco, and rice have fallen in value; we still I find in the London Morning Chronicle articles on take nothing else; we have shut out their corn. The the agency and character of the Established church justice, should, under certain circumstances, be reAmericans have, therefore, no motive for continu- in England and Ireland, to which as much at least of rica and her Britannic majesty, having resolved to ciprocally delivered up: The United States of Ameing their policy; and now busy monopolists, in the authority, on every score, may be allowed as to the treat on these several subjects, have for that purshape of manufacturers, have got together and by Blackwood productions. In one of the latest-of their management have succeeded in passing a law which the text is the passage of lord chief Justice negotiate and conclude a treaty; that is to say, the pose appointed their respective plenipotentiaries to which will almost exclude our cotton manufactures Tindal's address to the grand jury, that recommends president of the United States has, on his part, furaltogether. But this could not have been the case if the diffusion of sound religious knowledge as the true nished with full powers Daniel Webster, secretary England, by holding out the hand of reciprocity in social remedy-you will find the following and other of state of the United States, and her majesty the the shape of a law to admit their corn, had made it sentences of the same import: the interests of those cotton monopolists to vote with queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and The acknowledged irreligion that pervades the great Ireland has, on her part. appointed the right honoraus, instead of against us. We could have taken ten masses of the workpeople ought to excite inquiry into ble Alexander Lord Ashburton, a peer of the said times the quantity of corn which these few manu- the fitness of the means that have been employed United Kingdom, a member of her majesty's most facturing monopolists could have taken. The Ame- for public religious training. How is it that such a honorable privy council, and her majesty's minister ricans are quick and alive to their own interests, and phenomenon is presented? It cannot be resolved into plenipotentiary on a special mission to the United I say it is known to every man who is acquainted the lack of church means. with that country, that it would have been utterly the cause than simply that churches have not been their respective full powers, have agreed to and There must be more in States, who, after a reciprocal communication of impossible to pass that tariff, if we had reciprocal- erected, by the rule of three, in towns of growing signed the following articles: ARTICLE 1. It is hereby agreed and declared that now actually used, shall be free and open to the use | consent of the senate thereof, and one by her Britanthe line of boundary shall be as follows: Beginning of the citizens and subjects of both countries. nic majesty: and the said commissioners shall meet at the monument at the source of the river St. Croix. ART. 3. In order to promote the interests and en- at Bangor, in the state of Maine, on the first day of as designated and agreed to by the commissioners un-courage the industry of all the inhabitants of the May next, or as soon thereafter as may be, and shall der the 5th article in the treaty of 1794 between countries watered by the river St. John and its tribu-proceed to mark the line above described, from the the governments of the United States and Great taries, whether living within the state of Maine or source of the St. Croix to the river St. John; and sball Britain; thence, north, following the exploring line the province of New Brunswick, it is agreed that trace on proper maps the dividing line along said run and marked by the surveyors of the two govern- where, by the provisions of the present treaty, the river, and along the river St. Francis, to the outlet ments in the years 1817 and 1818, under the 5th arti-river St. John is declared to be the line of boundary, of the lake Pohenagamook; and from the outlet of ele of the treaty of Ghent, to its intersection with the navigation of the said river shall be free and the said lake they shall ascertain, fix, and mark, by the river St. John, and to the middle of the channel open to both parties. and shall in no way be obstruct-proper and durable monuments on the land, the line thereof; thence, up the middle of the main channeled by either; that all the produce of the forest in described in the first article of this treaty; and the of said river St. John, to the mouth of the river St. logs, lumber. timber, boards, staves, or shingles, or said commissioners shall make to each of their reFrancis; thence, up the middle of the channel of the of agriculture, not being manufactured, grown on spective governments a joint report or declaration, said river St. Francis, and of the lakes through any of those parts of the state of Maine watered by under their hands and seals, designating such line of which it flows, to the outlet of the Lake Pohenaga- the river St. John, or by its tributaries, of which boundary, and shall accompany such report or demook; thence, southwesterly, in a straight line to a fact reasonable evidence shall, if required, be pro-claration with maps certified by them to be true maps point on the northwest branch of the river St. John,duced, shall have free access into and through the of the new boundary. which point shall be ten miles distant from the main said river and its said tributaries, having their source branch of the St. John, in a straight line, and in the within the state of Maine, to and from the seaport at nearest direction; but if the said point shall be found the mouth of the said river St. John, and to and round to be less than seven miles from the nearest point of the falls of the said river either by boats, rafts, or the summit or crest of the highlands that divide other conveyance; that when within the province of those rivers which empty themselves into the river, New Brunswick, the said produce shall be dealt with St. Lawrence from those which fall into the river St. as if it were the produce of the said province; that John, then the said point shall be made to recede in like manner the inhabitants of the territory of the down the said northwest branch of the river St. upper St. John, determined by this treaty to belong John, to a point seven miles in a straight line from to her Britannic majesty, shall have free access to the said summit or crest; thence, in a straight line and through the river for their produce, in those in a course about south eight degrees west, to the parts where the said river ruas wholly through the point where the parallel of latitude of 46 degrees 25 state of Maine: Frovided, always, that this a minutes north intersects the southwest branch of the ment shall give no right to either party to interfej St. John; thence, southerly, by the said branch, to with any regulations not inconsistent with the fermg the source thereof in the highlands at the Metjar- of this treaty which the governmen's iv, metic portage; thence, down along the said high- of Maine or of New Brunswick may nake lands which divide the waters which empty them-ing the navigation of the said river, where both bus selves into the river St. Lawrence from those which fall into the Atlantic ocean, to the head of Hail's stream; thence, down the middle of said stream, till the line thus rin intersects the old line of boundary surveyed and marked by Valentine and Collins previously to the year 1774, as the 45th degree of north latitude, and which has been known and understood to be the line of actual division between the states of New York and Vermont on one side, and the British province of Canada on the other; and, from said point of intersection, west, along the said dividing Ime as heretofore known and understood, to the Iroquois or St. Lawrence river. ! thereof shall belong to the same party. the river St. Lawrence, on both sides of the Long ART. 9. Whereas, notwithstanding all efforts which may be made on the coast of Africa for suppressing the slave trade, the facilities for carrying on that traffic and avoiding the vigilance of cruisers by the fraudulent use of flags, and other means, are so great, and the temptations for pursuing it, while a market can be found for slaves, so strong, as that the desired result may be long delayed, unless all markets be shut against the purchase of African negroes. the parties to this treaty agree that they will unite in all becoming representations and remonstrances with any and all powers within whose dominions such markets are allowed to exist: and that and duty of closing such markets effectually, at once they will urge upon all such powers the propriety and forever. ART. 4. All grants of land heretofore made by either party, within the limits of the territory which by this treaty falls within the dominions of the other party, shall be held valid, ratified, and confirmed to the persons in possession under such grants, to the same extent as if such territory had by this treaty fallen within the dominions of the party by whom such grants were made: And all equitable possessory claims, arising from a possession and improvement of any lot or parcel of land by the person actually in possession, or by those under whom such person claims, for more than six years before the date of ART. 2. It is moreover agreeed that from the place this treaty, shall, in like manner, be deemed valid, where the joint commissioners terminated their la- and be confirmed and quieted by a release to the bors under the sixth article of the treaty of Ghent, person entitled thereto of the title to such lot or parto wit, at a point in the Neebish channel, near Mud-, cel of land, so described as best to include the imdy Lake, the line shall run into and along the ship 'provements male thereon; and in all other respects channel between St. Joseph's and St. Tammany Is- the two contracting parties agree to deal upon the lands, to the division of the channel at or near the most liberal principles of equity with the settlers head of St. Joseph's Island; thence, turning east- actually dwelling upon the territory falling to them, wardly and northwardly, around the lower end of respectively, which has heretofore been in dispute St. George's or Sugar Island, and following the mid-, between them. dle of the channel which divides St. George's from ART. 5. Whereas, in the course of the controversy St. Joseph's Island; thence, up the east Neebish respecting the disputed territory on the north-eastern channel, nearest to St. George's Island, through the boundary, some moneys have been received by the middle of Lake George; thence, west of Jonas's Is- authorities of her Britannic majesty's province of ART. 10. It is agreed that the United States and Jand, into St. Mary's river, to a point in the middle New Brunswick, with the intention of preventing her Britannic majesty shall, upon mutual requisiof that river, about one mile above St. George's or depredations on the forests of the said territory,tions by them, or their ministers, officers, or authoSugar Island, so as to appropriate and assign the which moneys were to be carried to a fund called rities, respectively made, deliver up to justice all said island to the United States; thence, adopting the "disputed territory fund," the proceeds whereof, persons who, being charged with the crime of murthe line traced on the maps by the commissioners, it was agreed, should be hereafter paid over to the der, or assault with intent to commit murder, or pithrough the river St. Mary and Lake Superior, to a parties interested, in the proportions to be deter-racy, or arson, or robbery, or forgery, or the uttepoint north of the Isle Royale in said lake, one hun- mined by a final settlement of boundaries: It is rance of forged papers, committed within the jurisdred yards to the north and east of Ile Chapeau, hereby agreed that a correct account of all receipts diction of either, shall seek an asylum, or shall be which last mentioned island lies near the northeast- and payments on the said fund shall be delivered to found, within the territories of the other; provided; ern point of Isle Royale, where the line marked by the government of the United States within six that this shall only be done upon such evidence of the commissioners terminates; and from the last months after the ratification of this treaty; and the criminality as, according to the laws of the place mentioned point, southwesterly, through the middle proportion of the amount due thereon to the states where the fugitive or person so charged shall be of the sound between Isle Royal eand the northwest-of Maine and Massachusetts, and any bonds or se- found, would justify his apprehension and commitern mainland, to the mouth of Pigeon river, and up curities appertaining thereto, shall be paid and de-ment for trial, if the crime or offence had there the said river to, and through, the north and south livered over to the government of the United States; been committed: and the respective judges and othFowl Lakes, to the lakes of the height of land, be- and the government of the United States agrees to er magistrates of the two governments shall have tween Lake Superior and the Lake of the Woods; receive for the use of, and pay over to the states of thence, along the water communication to Lake Maine and Massachusetts their respective portions of Saisaginaga, and through that lake; thence, to and said fund: and, further, to pay and satisfy said states, through Cypress Lake, Lac du Bois Blanc, Lac la respectively, for all claims for expenses incurred by Croix, Little Vermilion Lake, and Lake Namecan, them in protecting the said heretofore disputed terriand through the several smaller lakes, straits, or tory, and making a survey thereof in 1833; the govstreams connecting the lakes here mentioned, to that ernment of the United States agreeing with the states point in Lac la Pluie, or Ramy Lake, at the Chau-of Maine and Massachusetts to pay them the further diere Falls, from which the commissioners traced sum of three hundred thousand dollars, in equal mining judge or magistrate to certify the same to the line, to the most north western point of the Lake moieties, on account of their assent to the line of the proper executive authority, that a warrant may of the Woods; thence, along the said line, to the said boundary described in this treaty, and in considera-issue for the surrender of such fugitive. The exmost northwestern point, being in latitude 49° 23' tion of the conditions and equivalents received there- pense of such apprehension and delivery shall be 55" north, and in longitude 95° 14' 38" west from for from the government of her Britannic majesty. borne and defrayed by the party who makes the rethe observatory at Greenwich; thence, according to ART. 6. It is furthermore understood and agreed quisition and receives the fugitive. existing treaties, due south, to its intersection with that, for the purpose of running and tracing those the 49th parallel of north latitude, and along that pa- parts of the line between the source of the St. Croix rallel to the Rocky Mountains. It being understood and the St. Lawrence river, which will require to be that all the water-communications, and all the usual run and ascertained, and for marking the residue of portages along the line from Lake Superior to the said line by proper monuments on the land, two comLake of the Woods, and also Grand Portage, from missioners shall be appointed, one by the president the shore of Lake Superior to the Pigeon river, as of the United States, by and with the advice and power, jurisdiction, and authority, upon complaint made under oath, to issue a warrant for the apprehension of the fugitive or person so charged, that he may be brought before such judges or other magistrates, respectively, to the end that the evidence of criminality may be heard and considered; and if, on such hearing, the evidence be deemed sufficient to sustain the charge, it shall be the duty of the exa ART. 11. The eighth article of this treaty shall be in force for five years from the date of the exchange of the ratifications, and afterwards until one or the other party shall signify a wish to terminate it. The tenth article shall continue in force until one or the other of the parties shall signify its wish to terminate it, and no longer. |