more city courts, By the commissioners of lotteries, ror and his minister, therefore, taunt capt. Morgan the United States. The price stipulated to be paid | By the clerks of the county and Balti- The emperor, however, offers a new proposition, He will submit the whole to men learned in the laws of nations, several of whom, he says, are to be found about Tangier, and abide by their decision. If they say that the pacha of Tangier was in fault, he will dismiss him and fire the first salute on the restoration of the consulate, and if not, then the U.S. shall dismiss their men, and fire the first salute. Commodore Morgan gives it as his private opinion that if the consulate be restored before this matter be settled, it will never be settled, and that the government of Morocco will heap indignities upon American citizens. CALIFORNIA. The annexed letter has been addressed to the editors of the Baltimore American by General Almonte, minister of the Mexican republic, residing at Washington, for the purpose of correcting erroneous statements contained in an article on the subject of California, in the St. Louis Republican: Washington, December 24, 1842. THE ARMY. State 6 per cent stock, State tobacco inspection in Baltimore, Taxes on foreign insurances, FORT WASHITA. Two companies of dragoons and STATES OF THE UNION. MARYLAND. To the Editors of the American, Baltimore. Knowing, as I do, that no such permission has ever been allowed to any person or corporation whatever, and believing that the project set forth in the St. Louis Republican is a mere scheme of some land speculators who wish to take advantage of the credulity of the ignorant, I think it proper to inform the public of this country of the true facts of this new plan of encroachment, lest they should be deluded and brought into difficulties that would end in the destruction of their fortunes and the distress of their friends. And there remained in the W. Shore 67,966 44 6,000 00 305 25 27,752 50 4,171 52 4,893 64 28,746 39 4,907 51 742 52 412 20 433 88 5,039 25 512 00 20,500 26 10,000 00 254,352 82 20,934 03 296 25 1,376 27 565 53 2.309 37 622 71 1,045 61 $542,909 77 91,478 33 $634,388 10 Civil officers, assume the state debts. STATE FINANCES. Believing that you take a deep interest in the welfare of your countrymen, I doubt not, gentlemen, that you will readily insert this communication in your valuable journal, for the purpose of arresting the execution of a project totally destitute of any probability of success, and calculated only to fill the pockThe annual report of the treaets of a few speculators, who care not for the surer was made to the legislature on Thursday last. peace of nations nor the happiness of their kind, and who As this is an important document, we give the subonly consult their avarice and cupidity. I am, gentle-stance of it, omitting minutiae which are not interestmen, your obedient servant, J. N. ALMONTE, ing to the general reader. The document presents the financial affairs of the state in as gloomy an aspect as the true nature of the case will readily admit of. The object is no doubt a laudable one-to present the worst of the case in order that the legisla ture may make the more efficient provision for the exigencies we are under. State colonization, $13,242 03 20,100 00 358 77 3,648 19 7,390 46 66 66 29,759 00 272,994 52 19,747 42 12,655 59 12,208 43 10,000 00 7,800 00 20,442 99 512 00 4,893 64 2,078 94 38,492 43 53,776 56 The Annapolis and Elk Ridge R. R. Co. The state colonization society, Balance remaining in treasury 1st De- 704 47 5,000 00 2,838 26 10,000 00 10,195 51 928 50 2,371 60 714 36 $575,529 87 $58,858 23 Envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the republic of Mexico to the U. S. of Amer. NATIONAL OBSERVATORY. The Boston Courier states that lieut. J. M. Gillis, United States navy, took passage in the Acadia, and that he goes out vested with full powers by the secretary of the Although the statements exhibit an indebtedness of navy, to purchase a complete set of instruments for fifteen millions, yet the actual debt is hardly ten the National Observatory now in course of erection millions, and most of that is at an interest of only at Washington, that he has been charged by the sec-five per cent. The CAPITAL of the state, exclusive Which said balance is subject to the retary to visit all the principal observatories in Eu- of the resources of taxes, &c. is over seventeen milfollowing charges: rope, and to procure from the most eminent makers lions, nearly all of which might in a short time be To pay civil officers, the following capital instruments. made productive. The treasurer admits that but Colleges, academies and schools, One sixteen feet Parallactic Instrument, to be little over half of the state tax could be reasonably ex-Commis. to deputies of the attorney gen'l mounted in a similar manner to the Pulkova Refrac-pected to be realized during the first year of its im- Expenses on account of the militia, position. He was correct and yet he estimates little over the same receipts for the ensuing year. The Pensions, capital error in legislation, was not imposing the tax The judiciary, in time to anticipate the deficiency of means. stead of having wherewithal to meet the demands of One Mural Circle, of five feet diameter. 1841, the treasurer was compelled to resort to temOne Transit Circle. porary loans from the banks, to the amount of over Together with complete sets of magnetic and me-four hundred thousand dollars, and it will be seen teorological apparatus, with the most modern im- that over three hundred thousand of the receipts into the treasury this year, has been employed in paying Also, a Library, embracing all the standard mathe-off those claims. matical works; annuals of all the observatories, cata- ABSTRACT FROM THE REPORT OF THE TREASURER OF logues of stars, nebulæ, &c. 278 Repaid banks and other creditors for their loans of 1841, Being exactly the amount of the direct tax received, and the amount received of the Balt. and Susq. Railroad company, $10,000. Of said loans $128,203 51 remains, be- only restriction it imposes on the exercise of the le- provided one half the taxes for both years were paid $91,478 33 gislative power to derive supplies from the citizens in June--and it distinctly requires the additional five cember '42 and the other in March 243, as if postpon233,201 19 personally, yet impartially, is to be found in its de- cents in the $100 for 142 to be paid, one half in De31,454 56 precation of taxes by the poll. 262,994 52 The principle of the income tax law, impartiallying the payment of the last half in consideration of The fact that the original act did not fix any time 10,000 00 applied, is perfectly consistent with every portion of the recent enactment of this addition to the rate. 5,259 50 this article, and in point of adaptation to its constitutional purpose, it is defective only in that it saves for the levying of the tax for '42, other than the usutime varied very much in the several counties, 542,907 77 from the tax, incomes far exceeding those of pauper- al time of making the county levy, and that this ism or sheer labor. $634,388 10 seems to have escaped the notice of the general assembly. $248,135 29 272,994 52 $58,858 23 Insufficient to pay all liabilities to that day, by the sum of $880,532 29. Persons, not less than property, are objects of the protection and beneficence of the government-and as the person and personal rights of the citizen, must be at least as dear to him as his property, it would seem to be but natural and just, that persons and property, should bear, in at least equal shares, the charge of their government. The consequence is, that in all those counties wherein the levy for county or city purposes happened to be made in or after the month of June, the fulfilment of the implied expectation of the assembly was impracticable-and from the want of certainty The personal earnings of the citizen, are in truth, and perspicuity in both acts, it is yet questionable, a much surer source of ability to pay taxes, than whether the 20 cents tax for '42, is payable earlier property is. Beyond the wants of the proprietor for than, by such instalments in '43, as was the tax for his own use and occupancy, property is not unfre- '41 in '42. If, as the treasurer thinks, it be payable quently found to be, rather expensive than profitable. earlier-that is to say, by quarterly instalments beEven that which is actually used and occupied by the ginning with the first quarter month next after the proprietor, has its expenses, as well as persons-and levy-it is so by implication only and not by distinct such as shall be confided to agents or servants, with-enactment, and it will be payable at different times out the active and skilful superintendence of the own- by almost every county. er, will soon pass into other hands. "This result makes manifest the utter inadequacy of the revenue thus far effectually provided. It will Understanding the act as impartially applicable be at once seen, that the whole of the treasury's receipts was materially short of the amount necessa- to all classes of our citizens, the rate of the tax, or ry for the single purpose of paying the interest on the fact of its looking to an assumed capital of ten the public debt. Yet there is nothing, in the view of times the amount of the income, becomes wholly imthe treasurer, so very discouraging in this as to jus- material until it shall prove to be excessive. There is no greater difficulty, in estimating the valtify despondency. He has never doubted and never can doubt the ability of the citizens of Maryland to ue of one's services in the conduct or prosecution of pay double the amount of the debt she has incurred, his own pursuit, than in fixing the suitable compenboth principal and interest. Still less can he ques-sation of like effort in the service of another-and tion their will-nay, their unalterable determination but for such difficulty as there would be, there could But, in a state like this-unused to be no room for the exercise of the assessor's judg. to pay it. taxes of any kind to any considerable amount, and of ment-which is clearly demanded by the law. He course inexperienced in the science and mechanism would be a mere collector of facts. There is no sound distinction to be taken, between taxation involves, it is likely, he fears, to be a work the position of the employed and their employers, to of time and industry, as well as of will. One effect of the recent experiment in direct tax-excuse the exemption of the latter. Quite as large ation will have been, to verify to the general assembly a proportion of the one class as of the other, have the treasurer's report of last year, "that one half only, property already taxed-and exactly so much of the of any amount directed to be levied, might be ex- time and attention of the employed, as is devoted to pected to come into the treasury, in the year-and that the service of others, must be withdrawn from and if the wants of the state must be wholly supplied by lost to, their private concerns. a tax upon the property of its citizens, the proper rate of the tax would be a dollar in the hundred for the first year and fifty cents thereafter." In speaking of the object of this act, the treasurer of course refers to the intention of the general assembly, and not to the purpose of individuals of either branch. From like defects, some of the county authorities have levied for 1841, the collectors' commission as well as the twenty cents for the state-while others have levied the twenty cents only, and instructed sion. The treasurer thinks that, twenty cents only, their collectors to reserve out of this, their commisfor 1841, were required to be levied in that year, but that the whole of this was intended for the service of the state, and that the collectors' commission for 1841, as well as the assessors' compensation was to have been levied in '42 at the usual time of the counAllowances for insolvencies too, he submits, should ty levy and as items of county expense. be required to be liquidated as well as adjusted, by the county authorities. And he solicits the attention of the general assembly, to the removal of these sources of difficulty and variance in the execution of the tax laws. Of the four non-paying counties in the past year, Calvert on the Western, and Somerset and Worceshe has pleasure in reporting, that Montgomery is now collecting and paying, very satisfactorily-so that, ter on the Eastern Shore, are the only counties in the state, that continue to be unable to obtain collectors of their respective shares of the general charge. Estimated receipts of the year 1843. the county and Baltimore city courts, $80,000 00 For taxes on plaintiff's and its supplements, On account of the tax for colonization, For dividends of bank stock, The treasurer would be very unwilling to have it supposed that, either the property tax law or the income tax law, was the fruit of his counsel or agency The general assembly, very wisely he thinks, de- in their construction. He is the advocate of each, cided to add one-fourth only to the rate of tax on only so far as, he would advocate any and every conproperty, and to raise the greater part of the residue stitutional tax it shall please the general assembly to by a tax upon the personal earnings of the citizens direct, until enough of revenue shall have been generally. The act for that purpose, were it duly raised, to accomplish the great purpose of restoring executed, would no doubt effectuate this-and its ef- the public credit. He unfeignedly believes that there fects would be, as it was designed to be, materially can be nothing like prosperity in Maryland, public or to relieve property-not by exempting the proprietors private, until the broken faith of the state shall have from its operation, but by avoiding the alternative been thoroughly repaired. From feeling and conwith the legislature, of doubling the tax on property.viction, not less than from the admonitions of early He has learned therefore with surprise and re-instruction, he considers the first and most obligatory gret, that it has not been the pleasure of the county of temporal duties to be that which the citizen owes authorities and of the assessors to execute it fully to his country, and he cannot imagine any pri. vate demand upon the purse of the citizen, that and impartially. should be more cheerfully satisfied than the call of He thinks that a single and uniform tax upon all the state. income, if indeed it be practicable to have it all disHe very clearly saw, for example, that the pur- closed, without any reserve-or any simple system pose of the committee of ways and means up to the of revenue, that by bearing on the greatest number time of their report was, to subject to this tax, the possible, would be made to bear lightly on each, and employed only, and not their employers-and he would diffuse the charge of the public expense, at least as have so instructed the assessors, widely as is distributed the political power of the therefore, of course, if the language of the assembly would have let him. state and with it the power to incur expense-would The act of assembly however, plainly directed the be a very desirable substitute for both-and would valuation and assessment of every employment-a enable the people of Maryland to pay double the term it is true, (were it used throughout and con- amount required, with far less inconvenience to any, strued with the aid of the key furnished by the re- than is now felt in paying one half. But he is clearport) susceptible of so restricted an interpretation-ly for holding on upon the taxes of every kind albut in prescribing the oath of the assessors, the act ready enacted, and promoting their due execution requires them to be sworn, to value every occupation and prompt collection, until any substitute that may and its profits-clearly shewing that the legislature be devised, shall have been matured and tested and uscd the term employment as synonimous with oc- put into full and productive operation. Considering the very general understanding which cupation-and this and the term profils, are language too impracticable, and too plainly opposite to employ-seems to have obtained with the county authorities, that the tax for '41 only, was to be collected in the ers, to admit of their exemption. past year, and that four of the counties were unable to procure collectors, the collection of the direct tax has been extraordinarily successful-indicating a Such a purpose alone might, in his view, have most commendable promptitude on the part of the brought it into conflict with the declaration of rights. citizens to supply the wants of the state, and very The great principle of its 13th article, in reference becoming diligence and punctuality on the part of to property is, that (allowing no proprietor to escape, the collectors in the performance of their duties. The secretary of state, but the Pauper) it shall contribute to the supplies de- The supplement of last session however, imports the The treasurer of the Western Shore, manded by the wants of the state, rateably-not that impression of the general assembly to have been, His clerk, On that the tax for '42 also, was required to be collect- The treasurer of the Eastern Shore, it shall defray the whole of the public expense. the contrary, the authority to levy other taxes and ed in that year. It indulges the collectors, for exam- The librarian, to enact other sources of supply, is expressly declar-ple, until June '42, for the instalment of the tax for The clerk of the house of delegates, ed and conceded in the very same article-while the 41 by the original act required to be paid in March, The clerk of the senate, The treasurer was well pleased to find that, a partial imposition of the tax was not the purpose of the legislature. 3,000 00 2,000 00 1,000 00 300 00 2,600 00 2,400 00 1,000 00 5,000 00 10,000 00 500 00 6,500 00 40,000 00 30,000 00 37,750 00 20,000 00 382,691 92 bank and the other three branches be required to re28,512 46 sume specie payments at the earliest day, which, in 112,000 00 your wisdom you may deem practicable. $15,206.985 47 $17,184,968 88 30.000 00 3,637,000 00 500,000 00 150 00 30.00 20 00 $12,250 00 1,600 00 66 66 5 do 1835 Capital funded debts of the state 1st Dec. 1842. do do 5 do 1827 345,176 50 1830 1833 311,171 66 1838 1829 Washington monument, Balt. For interest on the balance of the temporary loans of 1841, For free schools, in pr. of ch. 33, of 1839, For account of the state's tobac. warehouses in Baltimore, For same. 47,695 73 8,000 00 For the Maryland hospital, per res. For state col`zation, per. ch. 281 of 1831, 10,000 00 3 do 1837 For the state colonization society, the tax for their use, 5 do For the education of the indigent deaf and dumb, For expenses on ac't of the judiciary, For salaries to the state's tobacco in- $917,830 65 241,830 65 890,532 29 $1,132 362 94 Statement of the state's capital and credits, 1st Dec. 1842. To a deficit 1st Dec. 1843, probable without further legislation, of state. 1,000,000 00 Balt. & Sus. 500,000 00 Railroad. 60.000,00 Annap. and "Whether the banks in resuming should be required to redeem all their issues at first, or commence with their small bills, and at short stated periods to include the next denominations, until the entire circulation is embraced, is for the wisdom of your honorable bodies to determine." And can the democratic blood of the Fitzpatricks' brook a parley about suspension? Or has locofocoism ridden its jaded hobby until it cannot draw one leg after another? Alabama is a locofoco state. Her good citizens must, therefore expect to hear a great deal of official talk about specie without seeing much of the article itself. The message refers the legislators to a variety of documents, which have been prepared to give them information respecting the condition of the banks. These papers have not yet been made public,consequently nothing has transpired which would enable us to give our readers any conception of the actual situation of the monetary institutions of the state. The following extract, concerning the state debt, We does great credit to his excellency's good sense. copy it with much satisfaction, and would be happy if gov. Fitzpatrick would impress his locofoco con7,194,666 67 temporaries in the executive chairs of the states with 2,232,045 29 219,378 41 1,000,000 00 $15,211,393 94 its laudable sentiments. "The amount of interest which will be due on the state bonds for the ensuing year, and the periods when it is to be paid, will, it is presumed, be fully made known to you, by the reports of the commissioners appointed to examine the several banks. I most respectfully invite your attention to the subject, and recommend that suitable and permanent provisions be made for its payment upon a sure basis, and beyond all possible contingency. It should be a source at proud exultation, reflecting credit upon the state, that in every crisis through which she has passed in common with the whole country, in every vicissitude in which she has been placed, Alabama has, with rigid punctuality, met all her engagements, and maintained, as she ever will, unsullied, her plighted faith." ALABAMA. The message of gov. Fitzpatrick, is principally deThe message touches upon several matters of state voted to the monetary and banking affairs of the administration, for the purpose of suggesting econoIt recommends a number of alterations in the mical reform; recommends the legislature to divide administration of those banks of which the state is a the state into congressional districts; but takes occastockholder; suggests a change in the mode of elect- sion to say that this suggestion is made because the ing directors of the state bank and branches, and a people prefer the district to the general system, and curtailment of expenses in the management of them. not because congress has passed a law requiring the The governor is in favor of a reduction of the bank-elections to be held by districts. It would not have ing capital of the state, and urges the policy of apply-been spunky in his excellency to recommend the pasing such of the capital as may be withdrawn from sage of a law in harmony with congressional legislathe banks, to the purchasing of the bonds of the state. tion, without turning up his democratic nose at the He recommends that the Mobile branch of the state national authority. bank be put in liquidation; but that the legislature provide the means of saving harmless the holders of the notes of that branch, which constitute the principal circulation of the state. He passes a severe eensure upon the manner in which that branch has been managed of late years; and thinks its vast and in$513,966 66 creasing amount of suspended debts makes it obvious that it should be wound up. The message asserts 1,050,000 00 that the mother bank of the state and her three re10,000 00 maining branches, have contrived to keep on hand a 5,000 00 fair amount of specie and specie funds in proportion to their liabilites, considering the disasters of the $1,065,000 00 times. The governor says $190,000 00 2,666 67 396,350 08 $1,977,983 41 "A few years since, the legislature, believing that one of the above objects, had been accomplished, released the people from taxes, and drew the entire The legislature of this state met on the 5th inst. state revenue from the banks. From that time to the In the senate Mr. Parish was elected speaker pro present they have paid the whole expenses of the tem. and J. S. Berry, secretary. In the house, Mr. state government." Hackelton was elected speaker, Lee D. Ewing, 2,000,000 00 1,884,045 29 1,000,000 00 30,000 00 It will hardly be believed, that a state that has been 13,280 00 so thoroughly under the control of the hard-money, 120,444 44 bank-hating, and corporation-breaking democrats,has ELECTION RETURNS. Oficial, as ascertained and 3,000,000 00 made its banks support the government for a series reported by the legislature on the 6th. 5,000,000 00 of years. We are glad, nevertheless, that his loco- For governor-Thomas Ford received 46 594 votes. 50,000 00 foco excellency has taken wiser and more orthodox 100,000 00 whig views upon this subject. He recommends that 299,378 41 the banks be relieved from the burden of supporting For lieut. governor-John Moore, 86,862 00 the government, and that the revenue of the state be 4,333 33 raised by taxation. After urging the legislature to 12,609 54 relieve the banks from the another burden, the pre- The majority of Ford is increased about five hun 7,500 00 cise nature of which we do not comprehend, his ex-dred votes in consequence of an error in the returns 10,000 00 cellency touches upon that dashing theme ol locofo- from the county of Tazewell, by which Duncan was 10,000 00 coism, cash payments! His remarks upon this subject made to receive only one hundred and eleven votes, are worth quoting. He sayswhen in fact his majority greatly exceeded that 10,759 33 Due from Ches. & O. C. co. for int'est, 1,044,568 75 *Subscribed for deferred stock of the Chesapeake and Ohio canal company, in pursuance of ch. 150, of 1825, section 19. Annapolis and Elkridge Eastern Shore railroad company, Nanticoke Bridge company, Chesapeake steam towing company, Franklin Bank of Baltimore, RELIEF LAW. On the 8th inst. Mr. Dollins proposed the following resolution: "The time for resumption can better be determin-number. Resolved, That a select committee of nin be appointed, whose duty it shall be to report billi honest debtor. prevent the sacrifice of the property of the poor but | place that no oppressive and exterminating taxation "Suits are now pending in favor of the territory is to be resorted to; in the second we must convince against James D. Doty, governor of said territory, our creditors and the world, that the disgrace of re-as a public defaulter, which, on account of the term pudiation is not countenanced among us. That we of the court to which the suits have been removed are honest, and mean to pay as soon as we are able. at the instance of the defendant, being limited to I would therefore recommend to the general as-one week, can never be brought to an issue; and thus sembly, to speak on this subject in the most decisive if his excellency can succeed in preventing all legismanner, so as to give every assurance, that in due lation, he may riot with impunity on the property time we will tax ourselves according to our ability, of the territory, and bid defiance to all her courts to pay our debts. The consequence will be, that our and judiciary proceedings. creditors, who are persons of power and influence, "It will be recollected also, that the term of office instead of reproaching us and getting up a moral of the commissioner of public buildings expires crusade against us, as against a confederated band of with the close of the present session of the legislaunprincipled swindlers, with a view to coerce us to tive assembly, and cannot be supplied, except by our duty, will be directly interested in doing us all joint ballot of both houses of this assembly. the good in their power."" "Inasmuch as this officer is the agent of the terriSENATOR. Sidney Breese has been elected a se-tory in conducting these suits, and the only person who has any authority in law to procure the attendance of witnesses, and generally superintend their management, hence a failure to elect such officer by of those suits, in which a large amount of the mothe legislature, would be to place the management ney appropriated by congress for the erection of our public buildings is pending, in the hands of his excellency, who is the principal defendant. How far this could have been an influencing motive to induce his excellency to the extraordinary course he has taken, your committee will not express an opinion." This resolution was warmly advocated by Messrs. Murphy, Dollins, Jones, Arnold, McClernand, Davis of Bond, Yates, Blair, and Vandever. The principal opponents were Messrs. Murphy and Arnold, both from the north, and looked upon as the peculiar guardians of the canal. The former in particular assumed that the wants of the people did not require any relief, and that he had seen nothing of the suffering and distress among the people in pecuniary matters, alluded to by other members of the house. Mr. McClernand replied to Mr. Murphy, that some persons' associations and habits in life were such that they were incapable of learning the true situation and wants of the poorer and less favored class of community. The statements made by members, of the pecuniary distress in many of the southern coun ties, were appalling in the extreme. The membernator of the United States for six years from the 4th of March next, to succeed senator Young, from Alexandria stated that he had, for the last whose term of service will then expire. This is a year, been the cellector of taxes in that county; that change of persons but not of parties, both senators many of its citizens were unable to pay their taxes being very decidedly anti-whig. in consequence of an inability to dispose of property for cash; that in many instances he had loaned money to citizens of his county to pay their taxes, who The circulation of the sound banks had offered to work for twelve and a half cents a day to refund it. Mr. Hicks, of Jefferson, stated that in his is reduced to a very trifling amount, and as the curcounty, horses ordinarily worth 50 and 60 dollars rency is almost exclusively of hard money, the value had been sold under the hammer for ten dollars, and of property of every description is correspondingly statements of a similar character were made by depressed. The distress which is thus brought upon others. "If the constituents of Dr. Murphy and Mr. debtors may be understood from the facts, which are Arnold have not seen the same degree of distress, it stated in a Dayton paper, "that well-saved hay has arises only from the fact that the previous legislation been sold for a dollar a ton, at a constable's sale, and in regard to their canals which has placed not thou- excellent cows for three dollars apiece. At another sands but millions at the disposal of the canal com- constable's sale five hundred bushels of corn in the missioners in their section, at the expense of and in-ear were sold for three dollars! and eighty acres of justice to other portions of the state, has afforded wheat well put in for the same sum!" them the means of obtaining morey, which to the other portions of the state has been denied." Mr. Murphy moved the indefinite postponement of the above resolution, which was lost by a very large vote. Mr. Arnold then offered the following amend ment: "Provided that nothing shall be contained in such law, impairing the obligation of contracts; and which shall be drawn with perfect good faith and justice to both creditor and debtor." HARD TIMES. OHIO. in his annual report, has a passage of the following "It is apparent that the public revenues are not. After the report had been read, a joint committee was appointed to draft a memorial to the president of the United States, asking for the removal of gov. Doty. The memorial was adopted by a unanimous vote in the council, and with only two dissent ing votes in the house. THE LAST OF THE MOHEGANS GONE. JOHN UNCAS, the last male of the royal line of the suburb of Norwich, (Conn.) on Monday week, aged celebrated chief of that name, died at Mohegan, a 89 years. He was buried on Wednesday in the royal burying-ground of the Mohegans, which is now marked by the monument completed last summer through the public spirit of the ladies of the place. The passing away of a whole tribe of men, once the free, dauntless lords of the soil, is certainly well calculat ed to awaken sensibility; and the contemplation of the oppression and wrongs under which they have This amendment was laid upon the table: 76 ayes: ed since the last year $27,434 74, and the whole defi- cites painful emotions. But their decay is the na The revenues from the public works have decreas- dwindled away, and finally perished, naturally exThe original resolution was adopted-by a vote of cit in the revenue applicable to the payment of inter-tural, inevitable result of the progress of society. 107 to 6. The question, therefore, as to the exten-est is $271,650! Meantime we hear from different Wherever civilization comes in conflict with barbarsion of a liberal valuation law to the debtor, may be quarters that the county treasurers thus far have not considered as settled so far as respects the house. collected over one half the taxes: in one instance at The six who voted against the resolution were least, where an effort was made to destrain upon proMessrs. Arnold, Bryant, Collins, Koerner, Murphy, perty for the pitiful sums due, nobody attended the sale to bid for its purchase. 36 nays. and Penn. NO REPUDIATION. The new governor of Illinois, Mr. Ford, who has just been installed into office, in his inaugural address expresses himself thus plainly on the subject of repudiation: Governor Shannon was inaugurated in due form at Columbus, on the 14th inst. On the same day William Allen, the present senator, was re-elected by the legislature, for the term of six years from the fourth of March next, and Samuel Medary was chosen printer. MISSOURI. ism, with a race which has no active principle of improvement within itself, it is the order of Nature that barbarism shall give way. We are not necessa rily responsible, therefore, for the extinction of the Indian race, though we may well blush at the remembrance of the wrong and outrage they have suf fered at our hands. It is but fair to add, however, that New Jersey-thanks to her noble founders-has no part in this shame.-Newark Daily Advertiser. "I am happy to have it in my power to announce to the legislature, and through them to the world, ST. NICHOLAS SOCIETY. that there is no disposition, so far as I know, in any From the Albany Argus. department of the government, or with the people of this state, to avoid the payment of the state debt. The anniversary dinner of the St. Nicholas BeneDEFAULTERS. It appears from a statement transAlthough the elections in August last were conduct-mitted to the Missouri general assembly, by the audi-volent society of the city of Albany was given on the 6th inst. ed with much warmth on the part of the candidates tor of public accounts, that there are thirty-one puband people, not more than one or two individuals lic defaulters in that state, principally collectors of were found willing to offer their services upon the revenue, all of whose defalcations have accrued principles of repudiation; and those individuals were since 1835, unsuccessful in their elections: thus demonstrating beyond the possibility of a doubt that neither public nor individual honor and honesty is extinct, but that as strong an attachment to the principles of justice, and as sound a state of moral feeling, exist here as is to be found elsewhere." WISKONSIN. In the absence of Harmanus Bleecker the president of the society, Teunis Van Vechten, 1st vice president, presided, assisted by John S. Van Ransselear, 2d vice president, and H. H. Van Dyck, who officiated in the absence of Lansing Pruyn, 3d vice president. His excellency governor Seward was present as a guest of the society. the chaplains of the society, and after the removal of Grace was said by the rev. Mr. Kennedy, one of the cloth thanks returned by the rev. W. H. Camp. bell, also a chaplain. We have been furnished with the following sketch STANDING TOASTS. The members of the legislative assembly of Wiskonsin territory met at Madison on the 5th instant, to hold their annual session, notwithstanding a doubt whether a session could be held without an appropriThe amount of the Iliinois state debt is something ation therefor by congress. After the two houses over fifteen millions of dollars. Interest is due upon had been duly organized, the usual joint committee this since July, 1841. If the arrears and expenses of was appointed to wait upon the governor, and in- of the proceedings:the state are to be paid by taxation, the sum of form him of their organization, and of the readiness $1,528,828 will be required for the first year, and of the two houses to receive any communication 1. The day we celebrate-Instituted to commemo$832,498 annually thereafter. This would be a tax from him that he might have to make. The com-rate the virtues of Holland's patron saint-piety, of one and a half per cent. in addition to the county mittee were informed by his excelleney that, "not perseverance and industry. tax of one half of one per cent.; and it is with diffi- conceiving that the legislative assembly had any auculty that a tax of thirty cents on the hundred dol-thority by law to meet at the present time, he had no lars is now paid. There would be only about eighty five thousand able-bodied men in the state to pay the tax, and these are mostly engaged in agriculture. The entire circulation of the state is not more than twice as large as the tax. Governor Ford, recently elected, referring to these particulars in his inaugural address, thinks that under existing circumstances it would not be well "to make a violent and spasmodic exertion to raise money by taxation." He proceeds to say: communication to make to them." 2. Holland, our father land-Limited in territory and population, but boundless in the attribudes of na tional greatness, commerce and wisdom, scrupulous honor, and unflinching courage. ed to break asunder the chains of Spanish despo 3. The seven united provinces-They confederat tism, they remained united to perpetuate the fruits of their triumph-the blessings of civil and religious liberty. A joint committee was then appointed by the two houses to investigate the matter, and to report whether in the opinion of the committee "there was any valid objection to the legislative assembly's holding a session," and what course it was expedient for the legislature to pursue relative to adjourning-relative to the executive-and to circumstances generally.After investigation the committee made a report, which is said to be a full and conclusive argument "Two causes have operated to prevent an increase against the positions assumed by the executive and of population for a year or two past; one is the pre-his friends. The following extracts from this docuvalent fear of exorbitant taxes; the other the re-ment will explain the reasons which have influenced proach to which we are subject abroad. The re- Gov. Doty in his refusal to hold any communication lid acquirements, adorned with all the charms of medy for this is obvious. Let it be known in the first i with the legislature: guished head of a renowned and patriotic people. 4. Wm. II. king of Holland-The able and distin5. The president of the United States. 6. The governor of the state of New York. to be distinguished for their domestic virtues and so7. Our fair country women-May they continue grace and beauty. The acting president then gave, Harmanus Bleecker--The respected president of this society. He has seen fit to exchange his relations-may he have health and length of life to appreciate those which he has assumed, and experience, that though late, it is better than never to have been done. By Barent P. Staats, mayor of the city. Harmanus Bleecker, president of the St. Nicholas society, and ex-minister at the Hague-If report be true, he brings with him a jewel which may bear evidence that he has been a successful negotiator. Letters were received from M. Van Buren, M. Gevers, charge d' affairs of his majesty the king of the Netherlands, L. Bradish, J. C. Zimmerman, B. Thooft, J. N. Wyckoff, &c. Among other toasts, were also the following: By B. S. Van Rensselaer. The union of Utrecht in 1579-It overthrew the dominion of Spain and established the freedom of Holland. The secretary then presented the following letter trious, add to his comforts, and respect himself. He which he had received from the president of the so- will have more wants, and more means to gratify his ciety. The toast with which it concluded was re-desires. In our country few can be exempt from ceived and responded to with great enthusiasm and work, and in so far as we have made it respectable, applause:we have rendered a great service to mankind, and The Hague, 28th Oct. 1842. promoted a tendency to the social arrangements, by DEAR SIR, I hoped to be with you, at your next which we should be distinguished, founded on virtue anniversary dinner, and in person to express my ob- and well used talent, "the only eternal grounds of By J. S. Van Rensselaer, 2d vice president.ligations to the fatherland-to tell you of the kind distinction," and to which "the Almighty has affixed Dutch enterprise.-With only two and a half mil manner in which I was received, and have been his everlasting patent of nobility." And what is lions of people, Holland has planted important colotreated during my residence here; the friendly senti-perhaps not less, we have done much to destroy the nies in Asia, Africa and America, extended her comments which have been uniformly manifested towards great inequality of man and woman, which has pre-merce to every sea, founded important schools of me;-how I have been admitted into family and soci- vailed so long and so extensively-have assigned to learning; established an admirable system of finance al circles, and the expressions of regret which my her her appropriate occupations, and done so much and currency, and erected gigantic works of internal intended departure occasioned. What there might to raise her morally and intellectually to the level of improvement. be of egotism in this, I hoped would be allowed or man. This proud distinction of our country induced The governor being called upon by acclamation excused by my relation to an association formed in one of the many foreigners who have examined our for a sentiment, rose and after a few pertinent rewhat was once New, for the recollection of old Ne-condition and peculiarities to say, "I have no where marks, gave: therland, and to which relation I am greatly indebt-seen woman occupy a loftier position; and if I were The city of Albany-May the prosperity of the ed for the kind offices, friendly attentions and cordi- asked, now that I am drawing to a close of this work, capital keep pace with the progress of the state. al hospitality, for which it is pleasing, however inad-in which I have spoken of so many important things Mr. Isaiah Townsend immediately rose and said equately, to express my heartfelt gratitude; and to do done by the Americans, to what the singular pros-that no one would suspect him of any other than this there seems to be no more fit occasion than your perity and growing strength of that people ought proper motives in offering the sentiment which he annual meeting. mainly to be attributed, I should reply-to their wo- should propose. I give you, said he, My stay abroad, you are aware, will be protracted men.' William H. Seward not the governor, but the a few months. I have now been absent from you up- By diminishing unnecessary and unreasonable dis-man-A Dutchman by adoption. wards of four years, and with much rational enjoy.tinctions, and thus extending the sphere of fellow When the enthusiasm with which this sentiment ment, and, of course, seeing much that could not fail feeling, we have done much for the cause of human was received, had began to subside, the governor to interest and excite admiration, I am glad to say nature. Europeans, I am aware, naturally consider was heard to say that Mr. Townsend seemed to be that I have not been disappointed in the expectation us as boasters. We cannot speak truly and nianfully aware that he had a partiality for that mode of acthat I should return home with reinvigorated impres-of our peculiar circumstances, and the results of our quiring citizenship. sions of the peculiar blessedness of our own land, unequalled freedom, without seeming to boast. But By H. H. Van Dyck, acting vice president. Our and a firmer confidence in the duration of our insti- if we have many causes of self-gratulation, we have father land-A monument of patient toil and persetutions, and their beneficial results to ourselves and also those of pain and humiliation. The abuses and vering industry, a country whose inhabitants are other nations. It has been said "that the U. States evils which foreigners observe and frequently speak frugal without being parsimonious-rich without oshave moved and quickened the civilized world;" and of, inaccurately and loosely, we ought to understand tentation-learned without pedantry. We honor her that much of the present condition of the old world in their origin and results, and endeavor, so far as for her virtues-we love her as the country of our is owing to American opinions and events, is unques-possible, to remedy. Instead of being offended at origin-may she never feel the want of wise rulers tionable. Notwithstanding the reaction occasioned just criticism, and inquiring what would be the result and wholesome laws. by some of the immediate results of the French re- of such scrutinies of other countries as the United volution, and the mass of deplorable abuses and evils States are subjected to-how many more absurdities at home and abroad, we cannot but perceive gradual and abuses would be found there-compared with favorable changes, an increasing regard for human which, we might think ours but straws and feathersrights and welfare;-an increasing respect for public we should candidly consider our follies, vices and opinion; increasing means of education;-a progress dangers. There is one cause of mortification, which of the race which we may confidently hope may not of late, has rendered an American's residence in be stayed. A pleasing proof of this progress, among Europe frequently painful. So many persons have others is the gradual melioration of the penal codes suffered from placing confidence in the pecuniary of several countries. An American who is familiar engagements of American states and associations, with the legislation and jurisprudence of his own that our consideration and influence abroad are greatcountry, cannot but be gratified by the fact, that we ly diminished, and we hear reproaches to which it is have so long ago abolished cruel and degrading pun- difficult to reply. Causes peculiar to us have proishments-taken the lead in this humane reform. The duced an indifference to pecuniary obligation, which extension of international communications, of com- I hope will not ripen so as to characterise the counmerce, of internal improvements, and productive try. It has long been observed, and its effects have power, must tend to promote civil and political free-long been feared. That a people in other respects, dom, to improve the physical, moral and intellectual favorably distinguished for their morality, doing far state of the many, and to diminish the inequality of more for religious institutions than any other people, rights and conditions by which they have been degra- and so attentive to religious observances, should be ded, and human progress has been obstructed; they so liable to reproach on the score of pecuniary jusmust cease to be regarded as mere machines and tice, is indeed lamentable. drudges; and then under favorable circumstances they State debts, when constitutionally and justly crewill rise from infancy to manhood. ated, should be held absolutely inviolable contracts, In a former age, William Penn, in his character- as long as the community which created them, existic spirit of benevolence, said that the sweat and ists. The obligation endures till the debt is paid. tedious labor of the husbandmen, (and we may yet A contrary doctrine should be indignantly scouted. add the husband women) early and late, cold and hot, It is justly thought in Europe that American public wet and dry, should be converted into the pleasure, opinion has been too faint on this subject. The conease and pastime of a small number of men that the duct of other governments affords no sort of apology cart, the plough, the thresh should be in inordinate for our states. Moreover, the acts of governments severity laid upon nineteen parts of the land, to feed existing independently of the popular will, are no rethe appetites of the twentieth, is far from the approach of the people; but our state governments canpointment of the great Governor of the world." not do justice without the consent of the people. It is pleasing that our experience and institutions The pecuniary engagements of their representatives In February it is not always easy to decide whether have done so much to verify this just and charitable are their own; and a people who are unwilling to be to go to Holland in a post-coach or a diving bell; or sentiment to prove that the inequality of conditions taxed for the payment of their debts prove that they whether at best, in the universal mist, it may not be which tends to corrupt the high and debase the low, are unfit for self-government,-that they need a pow-necessary to search for the honest old country with a is not the inevitable concomitant of the social state- er superior to and independent of themselves to com-lamp like Diogenes. Get there, however, we did; that a complete equality of rights tends to promote pel them to do right. Will Americans continue to and on our way from Amsterdam to the Hague, hapthe greatest attainable approach to an equality of justify such a reproach of republicanism? I hope pened to be at Leyden on a Sunday. Proceeding to conditions-that we have done so much to defeat the that all the difficulty about this matter is but a ques- the nearest church, we found the service had begun, unjust and selfish combination of the few against the tion of time; and that the reproach which it has many, to prevent and obstruct their intellectual, brought on our country and our republican institumoral and social progress. We may glory in the tions, will soon be wiped away. It must be borne in fact that we have done so much to destroy the cruel mind, that the censure and distrust are here extended prejudice by which labor is considered degrading, to the whole country. It is urged, if the people of and by which it is assumed that the laboring classes some states refuse to adopt measures to pay their the greater part of civilized communities-must ne- debts, what assurance can there be, that other states, cessarily be ignorant and mean-to prove that all and the United States will not do the same? honest callings are honorable, to show that the mechanic has often more useful knowledge than the learned man, and that a laboring man may be a learned man; that intelligence improves the mechanical, agricultural, and other arts, and renders them more productive. The common objection to the education of the laboring part of mankind is, that it makes them discontented with their position; but this is founded on the fact that labor is considered mean. In proportion as this false notion is diminished, will the intelligent laborer enjoy his situation, be indus Be good enough to assure the society of my warm and respectful regard, and my hearty wishes for the welfare of all its members, and to offer for me the following toast: A sacred regard to pecuniary obligations, without which neither communities nor individuals can be respectable. Your friend, H. BLEECKER. Mr. Robert H. Pruyn, secretary of the Albany St. Nicholas society. *De Tocqueville. By J. S. Van Alstyne, one of the physicians of the society. William C. Bouck, governor elect of the state of New York-May the characteristics of the Dutch, by his administration, stand forth proudly preeminent, and may all be willing to say of him, one of God's noblest works-an honest man. Isaiah Townsend being called on for a toast, rose and said: In reply to your call, sir, I have a toast to offer which I crave your indulgence to preface with a few remarks. Some years ago I was near Holland, and I am ashamed to say, neglected to visit our fatherland, for reasons which might have been sufficient for any other than an Albanian. Last winter an opportunity offered to repair the omission, which I the more readily seized, as there was one Dutchman more in Holland, whose presence could not but make a visit more pleasant to an Albanian. I mean our worthy fellow-townsman, the late representative at the Hague. The season was not the most propitious. and were shut out from the narrow part of the vast pile paled off for the use of a small congregation. As I stood musing on the scene before me and reflecting how ill the huge structure, designed for the splendid ceremonial of a more sensual ritual, was suited to the plainer offices of spiritual worship, my eyes fell upon the tombs of Boerhave and Scaliger. The interest it was natural to feel at perceiving I was treading over the ashes of one of the fathers of medern medicine, and of a yet greater than he, the prince of scholars in those days when men were giants in learning, grew thrilling as I remembered that this then must be the church which the hospitality of Holland had accorded to the Puritans, who afterwards settled New England. I stood in fact on the stepping stones to Plymouth rock. *St. Peter's at Leyden. We owe the discovery of this interesting fact to researches made on the spot some eighteen or more months ago by Mr. Sumner, of Boston. |