passage: only it ought to be observed, that afterwards some words of Philip. iii. 8, are there adapted, and put into the mouth of Paul.

6

There are still remaining short commentaries,' or allegories, upon the four holy gospels,' in four books, which go under the name of our Theophilus; but they are now allowed to be the work of a much later writer. And whether those commentaries, which St. Jerom quotes, were really composed by Theophilus may be doubted; since they were unknown to Eusebius, and were observed by Jerom to differ in style and expression from his other works. However, if they are not his, they were the work of some anonymous ancient.

I now proceed to represent the quotations and allusions to the books of the New Testament, which are in his remaining, and undoubtedly genuine, books to Autoly cus.

6

I. Having recited many precepts of piety and virtue from the Old Testament, he says: But the evangelic voice teaches chastity in yet greater perfection: "Whosoever looks on another man's wife, to lust after her, has committed adultery with her already in his heart. And whosoever putteth away his wife, saving for the cause of fornication, causeth her to commit adultery." -But the gospelt says: "Love your enemies, and pray for them that despitefully use you. For if ye love them that love you, what reward have ye? Even robbers and publicans do the same." And it teaches those that do good not to boast: For, says he, "Let not thy left hand know what thy right hand doth," Matt. v. 28, 32, 44, 46; vi. 3.

N. T.

II. Luke xviii. 27. "And he said: The" things which are impossible with men, are possible with God."

THEOPHILUS.

The same sense is in Matt. xix. 26, Mark x. 27. But the words of Theophilus agree best with St. Luke.

N. T.

III. Luke xx. 35, 36. "But they which shall be accounted worthy to obtain

THEOPHILUS.

III. For God has given us a law and holy precepts: which he that does may be

9 Apud Biblioth. Maxim. Patr. Lugd. T. ii. p. 166, &c.

· Vid. Tillem. ubi supr. Not. 1. Fabr. Bib. Gr. Vol. v. p. 93, 94 .

* Η δε ευαγγελιος φωνη επιτατικωτερον διδάσκει περι άγνειας, λεγεσα

Lib. iii. p. 126. A.

τες εχθρες. Ibid. Β. C.

δυνατα εςι παρα τῳ θεψ.

t

Το δε ευαγγελιον, αγαπατε, φησι,

αδύνατα, δυνατα εςι παρα Θεῳ. L. ii. p. 92. B.

Τα αδύνατα παρα ανθρωποις,

* Τα γαρ παρα ανθρωποις

N. T.

that world, and the resurrection from the dead, neither marry, nor are given in marriage. Neither can they die any more: for they are equal to the angels, and are the children of God, being the children of the resurrection."

IV. Luke xxiv. 47. " And* that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in his name."

2

V. These things the holy scriptures teach us, and all who were moved by the Holy Spirit, among whom John says: "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God:" showing, that at the first, God was alone, and in him was the Word. Then he says: "And the Word was God. All things were made by him, and without him was not any thing made," John i. 1, 3.

a

VI. Theophilus says: The prophets have taught us to abstain from abominable idolatry and adultery, and murder, fornication, theft, covetousness, swearing, lying, anger, and all lasciviousness and impurity: and that whatever things a man would not have done to himself, those neither should he do to another.'

I should not have put down this passage here, if Millb had not supposed, that in this place Theophilus refers to Acts xv. 20, which, it seems, in some manuscripts and some ancient fathers, is read with an additional clause to this purpose: But that we write to them to abstain from pollutions of idols, and from fornication, and from things

W

*

Και της ανατάσεως τυχων κληρονομησαι την αφθαρσίαν. Ρ. 104. A. L. ii.
Και κηρυχθηναι-μετανοιαν και αφεσιν ἁμαρτιων.

* Όπως ἡ και τετο εις δειγμα τε μελλειν λαμβανειν τες ανθρωπος μετανοιαν και αφεσιν ἁμαρτιων δια ύδατος. κ. λ. L. ii. p. 95. Β.

* Οθεν διδάσκεσιν ἡμας αἱ ἁγιαι γραφαι, και παντες οἱ πνευματοφόροι, εξ ὧν Ιωαννης λεγει εν αρχῇ ην ὁ λογος ̇ και ὁ λογος ην προς τον Θεον δεικνυς ότι εν πρωτοις μονος ην ὁ Θεός, και εν αυτῳ ὁ λογος· επειτα λεγει· κ. λ. P. 100. C. 2 Οἱ και εδιδαξαν απεχεσθαι απο της αθεμιτε ειδωλολατρειας, και μοιχείας, και φονε, πορνείας, κλοπης, φιλαργυρίας, όρκο, ψευδες, οργης, και πασης ασελγείας, και ακαθαρσίας" και παντα όσα αν μη βέλεται ανθρωπος ἑαυτῳ γινεσθαι, ἵνα μηδε αλλῳ ποιη. L. ii. p. 110. C.

b Fallor an huc respexerit Theophilus Antiochenus, Пpoonra, inquit, εδιδαξαν απεχεσθαι, κ. λ. Mill. Ν. Τ. ad Acts xv. 20.

c

strangled, and from blood; and that whatever things they would not have done to themselves, they do not do to others.' Mill allows, (and in my opinion justly,) that this last clause is an interpolation. But admitting it to be genuine, there could be, I think, but slender ground for supposing, that Theophilus referred to this text; the like precept being recorded in some other texts of the New Testament, and represented there as the doctrine, or substance of the law and the prophets, (agreeably to what Theophilus here writes,) much more distinctly than in this place of the Acts: as Matt. vii. 12. See likewise xxii. 40, and Luke vi. 31. And the foregoing part of the passage of Theophilus has but little agreement with the 20th verse of the xvth chapter of the Acts, as in our copies. But all this is submitted to the consideration of others.

I would only add, that two of the most remarkable expressions of this passage of Theophilus are found in 1 Pet. 3, "For the time past of our life may suffice us, to have wrought the will of the Gentiles: when we walked ind lasciviousness, lusts-and abominable idolatries."

IV.

VII. He says likewise: For God, the father and former of all things, has not forsaken the human nature, but gave the law and sent the holy prophets for to declare and show the human kind, that every one of us might awake and acknowledge, that there is one God.'

These words immediately precede the passage last transcribed; and they are likewise preceded by the words which will be found at Numb. XXVIII. They are here put down, that it may be considered, whether there be in them any reference to Acts xiv. 15, 16, 17, “— —and preach

unto you,

that ye should turn from these vanities unto the living God, which made heaven, and earth, and the sea, and all things that are therein. Who in times past suffered all nations to walk in their own ways. Nevertheless he left not himself without witness, in that he did good, and gave us rain from heaven, and fruitful seasons or to Acts xvii. 27, "That they should seek the Lord, if haply they might feel after him, and find him, though he be not far from every one of us."

99

Ο Και όσα αν μη θέλωσιν ἑαυτοῖς γινεσθαι, ἑτεροις μη ποιεν. Vid. Mill, ibid.

e

4 Εν ασελγείαις, και αθεμιταις ειδωλολατρείαις.

* Ο μεν τοι γε Θεος, και πατηρ και κτισης των όλων, εκ εγκατέλιπε την ανθρωποτητα, αλλα εδωκεν νομον, και επεμψε προφητας ἁγιες, προς το καταγγείλαι και δειξαι το γενος των ανθρωπων, εις το ένα έκασον ἡμων ανανήψαι, και επιγνωναι, ότι εἰς επι Θεος. p. 110. C

These, with many other passages, afford full proof, that the ancient christian writers often quoted, or alluded to, texts of the N. T. by memory, without looking into the books themselves.

8 Αλλ' αυτος ἑαυτε τοπος ων και ανενδεής ων, και ὑπερεχων προ των αιώνων, ηθέλησεν ανθρωπον ποιησαι ψ γνωσθῇ---ὁ γαρ γενητος και προσδεης εςιν· ώ δε αγενητος εδενος προσδεῖται. L. ii. p. 88. B. h L. ii. p. 79. B. C. iL. iii. p. 126. C.

There are, beside these, some other allusions

of the epistle to the Romans; but here is enough to show that epistle was well known to Theophilus.

* Thus, when Theophilus tells Autolycus, that if he does not believe there will be a resurrection, till he sees it, his faith will be counted for unbelief;' και ἡ πιεις σε εις απιςιαν λογισθησεται, p. 74. C; it cannot be doubted, but he alludes to St. Paul's argument and words, Rom. iv. 3, 5.

1 Το γαρ πνευμα παντα ερευνα, και τα βαθη τε θες---ούτω και τα τε Θες εδεις οιδεν. κ. λ. - Και το λοιπον εςω σοι φιλοφρονων

• Αλλα γυμνον κοκκον, ει τυχοι, σιτε, η τινος των λοιπων.

• Ει γαρ τυχοι ειπειν κοκκος σιτε, η των λοιπων σπερματων, επαν βληθη εις VOL. II.