pictures illustrate another, it is much the same as having two people talk at once to the audience.

5. Make your talk connected.

Speak so that there will be no break between pictures. You should not pause nor delay in any way while pictures are being changed. Remember-you are lecturing, not exhibiting pictures.

6. Speak directly to your audience.

Avoid turning your back or your side to your hearers while you look at the picture. Look at the pictures out of the corner of your eye, but face the audience all the time.

7. Center your entire lecture around one leading idea.

Do not give a wandering talk, but force home some one conception, such as "Greece is noted for artistic ruins," "Spain is the land of romance," "Chemistry is a practical subject."

8. Make your lecture develop in power.

Hold your strongest points until near the close in order to give the effect of climax.

9. Never speak over one hour.

Sixty minutes seems the limit of easy endurance.

10. Speak very loudly and clearly.

Remember that you are speaking in the dark, and can have no eye-control over your audience. Since you depend wholly upon the voice, speak unusually clearly.

11. Move about.

At any rate, change

Use your pointer, if necessary. your position easily from time to time.

12. Check any disturbance at once.

In presenting pictures you give rise to a wish to whisper. If whispering becomes acute, do as you would do if you were a presiding officer-call your audience to order in a quiet, self-controlled manner.

In general, give a lecture, and not an exhibition; present an idea, and not a rambling talk.

If you use moving pictures, it is best to give your talk first, and illustrate it by "movies" afterwards, dividing the time about equally between talk and pictures. In your talk you should emphasize any especial points of interest that you wish your hearers to observe when they look at the moving pictures.

PROBLEM.

Think out how you would give an illustrated lecture on places that you have visited, or with. which you are familiar.

LESSON 155.

How to Give an Address for a General Occasion

KEY WORDS: IN GIVING ANY PUBLIC ADDRESS RISE FROM THE TRIVIAL AND TEMPORARY TO THE EM

PHASIS OF PRINCIPLES OR IDEALS.

American life makes constant demands for public addresses of all kinds.

You are certain to be called upon to speak to your fellows.

Here are some of the occasions, aside from those mentioned elsewhere, on which you may be asked to speak:

1. An historical celebration.

2. An anniversary.

3. An old-home week.

4. Welcome to a distinguished visitor.

5. Farewell to a distinguished citizen.

6. The opening of a new industry.

7. A literary celebration.

8. A school reunion.

9. A family reunion.

10. A friendly outing.

11. The celebration of a recent event.

12. A centennial.

13. A patriotic occasion.

14. The completion of a public work.

15. A local or national celebration.

When you speak on such an occasion follow these suggestions:

1. Speak of the events that have led to the occasion.

"Fifty years ago today there came to this city a poor and friendless young man who had conceived an idea that he could benefit his fellow men." (Continue with a brief résumé of the work that you are to praise.)

2. Speak of the purpose of the occasion.

"Today we, who have benefited so much from his work, have come together to express our appreciation." whatever details are needed.)

(Add

3. Turn the thought to the higher principle involved.

"But we are not here so much to give honor to one man,

however much we respect and revere him, as we are to express our belief in the ideals that he has believed in and struggled for in the past fifty years." (Develop in detail the ideals or principles represented, making this one of the emphatic parts of your speech.

4. Call for action on the part of your hearers.

"The great benefactor of this city will feel that his work has been of slight value if it dies with him, or even with his heirs. He will feel completely successful only when everyone in this city takes to heart his ideals and tries to carry them out." (Add whatever exposition is needed.)

5. Return to your opening sentences, by again speaking of the occasion.

"Then, and then only, will the work begun fifty years ago by that poor and friendless boy-the honored citizen of today become an eternal success."

Thus, if you are sincere, you rise above whatever is trivial, or temporary, to principles and ideals that may be established permanently.

By so doing you make your address appealing, effective, and powerful.

PROBLEM.

Think out the steps of an address suitable for the opening of a new industry.