requirements could be far more easily made now than after they were adopted by the Board of Fire Underwriters, which would be probably within another year.

It was voted to refer the report as presented, together with that part referring to refuse conveyance, to the next annual meeting of the society when any desired modifications could be acted upon.

A report was given of the Washing

ton conference on the matter of stand

ard flanges and flanged fittings, resulting in the preparation of the "1915 Standard," with a recommendation that it be adopted by the society. The report was received without further action.

A report of the educational committee which has been working with a similar committee of the National District Heat

ing Association was presented, embodying the report as given to the district. heating engineers. The matter will be referred to the publication committee.

A preliminary report was presented of the committee for standardizing a method of testing air washers, by Alfred E. Stacey, Jr., chairman. In discussing this report, which is presented on another page of this issue, W. G. R. Braemer presented a written discussion, also given on another page.

The offer made by Mr. Braemer, it was stated, would be very acceptable to the committee.

AFTERNOON SESSION, JULY 9.

At the opening of the afternoon session, Prof. J. D. Hoffman presented a revised model compulsory ventilation law. This was a lengthy document covering theaters, schools and factories and was intended to be a preliminary report which would be further amplified. for the annual meeting.

In discussing the report Theodore Weinshank maintained that where the specified quantity of air to be delivered. is mentioned, and also the CO2 content, as is done in the report, the society is attempting to establish two standards. This, he claimed, cannot be done, as one is a function of the other. Cases might be found where the required quantity of air was delivered and yet the CO2 might rise above the limit. The chair

made the statement that this provision was made on the ground that the CO2 is but one of the matters to be considered in connection with the air supply.

J. I. Lyle advocated a substituting clause to the effect that the CO2 must not rise over that of the incoming air beyond a certain point. This, he said, would take care of the point raised by Mr. Weinshank.

At this point a gracious act was taken by President Lewis in calling to the chair Past President John R. Allen and asking him to preside for the remainder of the session. During Prof. Allen's incumbency of the presidency he was stationed in Constantinople, Turkey, and President Lewis expressed the opinion that on this account he felt it proper to have Prof. Allen exercise the functions of presiding officer which he was deprived of by his absence.

Prof. Allen was greeted with applause as he stepped to the rostrum and in short address expressed his appreciation of the courtesy extended him. He then assumed the chair and the session proceeded with the reading of a paper on "Car Ventilation" by D. I. Cooke. Before the discussion was opened, a paper on a simiHeating by Electricity and Temperature lar subject was presented, entitled, "Car Regulation in Connection Therewith," by W. S. Hammond, Jr.

Mr. Cooke's paper included a description of the ventilating equipment of the Chicago trolley cars, together with the results of tests made on them. This is an exhaust ventilating system which includes a direct-connected exhaust fan and motor drawing air through a series of outlet registers, the main air inlet being located in the car floor.

Mr. Lewis called attention to the possibilities of the use of exhaust ventilation in connection with more tightlyconstructed buildings and believed the members were about to "stumble" on something as outlined in the president's address.

A paper not listed on the program was then presented by O. J. Kuenhold on "Natural Gas Heaters.' This paper was devoted to a system of combustion developed by the author which he described in detail and which is embodied

in the product of the Scientific Heater Co., Cleveland.

J. A. Donnelly then read a paper on a "Suggested Formula for Calculating the Necessary Amount of Radiation for Heating Rooms by Hot Water," particularly applicable to the heating of all gas kitchens by hot water from a furnace coil or a water heater.

A SCHEME FOR HEATING DURING MILD WINTER WEATHER.

In connection with a topic for discussion, on "To what extent can we economically use manufactured gas for heating?" a written discussion was submitted by Reginald Pelham Bolton in which it was brought out that a very small use is made of a heating plant during the latter part of the heating season in New York City and that this condition is accompanied by an excessively costly steam production during such moderate periods of usage.

"The building in which the observations were conducted," continued Mr. Bolton, "is a 7-story business building heated by low pressure steam raised in an Acme heating boiler and supplying about 1,600 sq. ft. of direct radiation. The basement and first floor are heated by an indirect system.

"The operation of the plant during the period of observation, which commenced February 28, was carefully watched, and all the condensation from the radiators was measured by a meter which was calibrated on several occasions; all coal was weighed out and also the ashes, as removed.

"The coal used is an egg anthracite of excellent quality, costing $6.50 per ton of 2,000 lbs. The labor consists of one man, who was paid at the rate of $10.00

per week.

"The evaporation per pound of this

fuel from and at 212° F. fell from an

average of about 8.3 lbs. at the beginning of March, to a low point of 0.7 lb. of water per pound of coal, in the last week of the observations, ending May 16. The percentage of unconsumed material removed from the ash pits rose from an average of about 17% to as high as 27 to 31% by weight.

"The efficiency of the boiler declined from an average of 64% to 18.5% and during the last week was only 5.5%.

"The actual cost of fuel during the last eight weeks of observations was $93.13, and the cost of labor was $80.00. making the total $173.13. The comparative cost of city gas at 80 cents per 1,000 cu. ft. for the same period, assuming an efficiency of evaporation of 90%, would have been $168.17, so that the use of gas during these eight weeks would have been nearly $5.00 cheaper. During the last four weeks of the test, there would have been a direct saving of $48.64 by the use of gas."

Mr. Bolton stated similar heating conditions prevail in the earlier part of the season, the average outdoor temperatures being given as 49.8° for the first eight weeks and 49° for the last eight weeks.

"The observations," he concluded, "thus appear to demonstrate that even at the price of 80 cents per 1,000 cu. ft. manufactured gas could be utilized economically for house heating over a period of about 16 weeks. The total heating season is 32 weeks, and therefore these conclusions apply to one-half of the total heating season."

Mr. Bolton's remarks aroused a lively discussion. Among the points brought out was the fact that an efficiency of 90% for manufactured gas was hardly possible, especially as it is necessary to have a high flue temperature in order to carry off the heavy products of combustion. The point was also made that heaters cannot be used interchangeably for gas and coal.

Among the speakers was George S. Barrows, chairman of the committee on heating, ventilation and refrigeration of the National Commercial Gas Association, who bespoke the interest of the society in such problems as heating calculations for kitchens using gas stoves exclusively for cooking. Such rooms, he said, could not be heated economically with the gas stoves. He maintained that any coal burning boiler could be adapted to the burning of gas.

At the close of his remarks the session adjourned.

MORNING SESSION, JULY 10.

R. W. Pryor, Jr., opened the Friday morning session with a paper on "Reduction or Elimination of Noise Attending the Operation of Mechanical Ventilating Machinery" (published elsewhere.

in this issue). In the course of the discussion Prof. Allen brought up the matter of synchronism and instanced a case where a large fly wheel was deflected 11⁄2 in. at a certain speed so that it grazed the side of the pit. By increasing the speed two revolutions per minute, the trouble was entirely eliminated.

The next paper was on "Ventilation of Telephone Booths," including other applications of small unit sets by R. L. Douglass, in which it was shown that there are more engineering and mechanical problems to solve than would at first appear.

President Lewis suggested that in place of range hoods, which, he said, serve to accumulate dirt, the ceiling be furred down forming a separate room and the blower placed within this room. Mr. Pryor that the accumulation of grease might make such an arrangement a fire hazard.

Mr. Hart brought up the matter of ventilating grill rooms and urged separate ventilating units for such quarters. A paper on "Air Ozonation," by Milton H. Franklin was then read in which the author summarized his previous studies on this subject (published in THE HEATING AND VENTILATING MAGAZINE for October and November, 1913), and also analyzed the experiments recently made by Jordan and Carlson.

Prof. Allen made the point, in discussing the paper that we do not know the chemical properties of odors and that it may be a question whether ozone destroys or neutralizes odors. When it is considered, he said, that sandal wood will give forth an odor for 2,000 years, it will be seen how little we know of the composition of various odors. He said it was very likely that the use of ozone results in "olfactory compensation" in a manner similar to that in which many odors are neutralized by others.

He said we have no means of measuring odors, outside of the sense of smell, so that our only instrument at present is the "olfactometer," which, he explained, was the human nose.

Prof. J. D. Hoffman presented a written discussion in which he praised the character of the tests made, but considered the conclusions as somewhat too sweeping in that effects of a few days

were not to be taken as indicating permanent effects. He urged the use of small concentrations of ozone, at least when first operated. As regards odors, he stated that many of these had been shown to be in themselves harmless.

J. I. Lyle called attention to the serious effects of crowd odors on many persons, resulting in faintness, nausea, etc., showing that so-called harmless odors may have a distinctly bad effect.

The concluding paper at the morning. session was presented by Norman A. Hill on "The Heating Industry in Canada." Mr. Hill referred more particularly to conditions in Toronto, which he showed had undergone a remarkable growth in population during the past seven years.

His remark that the separation of contracts had made considerable progress in Canada brought forth a statement from D. D. Kimball that the separation of that portion of the work dealing with the mechanical equipment of buildings. was making such headway in the United States that he hoped soon to see it extended throughout the Union. He said. there was a growing tendency among American heating engineers to include lighting and plumbing in their professional work.

The session closed promptly at noon, the topical discussions being omitted, to enable the convention to go in a body, immediately following luncheon, to the National Lamp Works of the General Electric Company at Nela Park.

MORNING SESSION, JULY 11.

The final session Saturday morning was opened by the reading of a paper on "Hydro-Electric Power Compared with Steam," by Reginald Pelham Bolton. Mr. Bolton's conclusions were in favor of the use of steam and this brought forth the comment from Norman A. Hill that in Canada local pride is partly responsible for the growth of hydro installations on account of the fact that the coal and most of the machinery for a steam power plant must be purchased in the United States and therefore the proceeds of the initial investment really go to the United States.

Secretary J. J. Blackmore then read a paper on "Our Society, Its Aims and

Opportunities," which took up the many things yet to be undertaken by the society and by heating engineers generally.

Norman A. Hill referred to the matter of reproducing outdoor weather conditions and said that we must first determine what we mean by a perfect day. He also said that we may have to take up the matter of illuminating as part of the problem of ventilation, for it is becoming apparent that lighting has a good deal to do with the question.

Mr. Bolton urged the establishment of a research fund for experimental work and expressed his opinion that with such a fund the co-operation of engineering schools could be more readily secured and possibly their funds be partially diverted to augmenting those provided by the society.

H. M. Hart read a preliminary report of the work of the Chicago Ventilation Commission, in which it was stated that the commission is about to issue a pamphlet giving an account of its inception, organization, its work to date and the plans upon which it is working. This pamphlet, he said, would be ready within a few weeks.

The meeting concluded with the reading of a portion of a paper by Frederic. S. Lee of Columbia University, on ozone, which upon vote was added to the transactions as part of the discussion of Dr. Franklin's paper on "Air Ozonation." Prof. Lee cited the experiments of Jordan and Carlson as indicating doubtful features as to the efficacy of ozone. The meeting then adjourned.

The Entertainment.

A committee of Cleveland members fairly outdid itself in looking after the pleasures of the members and guests.

A section of the Hollenden, including assembly room, dressing rooms and outdoor garden, had been set aside for the use of the society and made one of the most comfortable and convenient settings the convention could desire.

Thursday afternoon the ladies were taken on an automobile trip through the city. That evening the committe provided a musicale and collation in the assemby room of the Hollenden. The guests sat in groups at separate tables and were entertained by professional dancers and singers, during which the collation was served. Later the orchestra adjourned to the out

door garden, where dancing was the order for the balance of the evening.

Friday afternoon, all of the delegates, including the ladies, were carried in special trolley cars to Nela Park, where is located the "University of Industry," of the National Lamp Works of the General Electric Company. On arrival at the park the party first listened to an illustrated talk on the effect of different angles of light, as well as that of different colors, on statuary, paintings and similar objects, bringing out the need of a study of the diffusion of light to which the National Lamp Works has given much attention in the development of its National Mazda lamps.

After the lecture the party proceeded to the summer camp maintained at the park by the company for the use of its employees. It was explained that the salesmen and also the women employees are entertained at the camp in sections, the usual length of stay being two weeks. In connection with the camp life, a group of tents are set aside for the instruction of salesmen regarding the company's products, and in one tent the salesmen are given the opportunity to compete in a window display competition.

Tennis courts, a baseball field, a quoit alley and an outdoor swimming pool are included on the grounds and many of the party took advantage of the invitation tendered them to take a dip in the pool.

A diversion was provided by the campers who were evidently in a playful mood, their principal pleasantry being the ducking in the pool of recalcitrant campers. Some of the campers suffered this penalty through the fact that they appeared on the grounds wearing collars and neckties. This, it appeared, is absolutely tabooed at Camp Nela.

At the close of a delightful afternoon, with ideal weather conditions, a portion of the party was treated to a repast as the guests of the camp, while others went on a tour of inspection through the various buildings. The party returned by trolley to the city in time for the banquet in the evening.

The climax of the entertainment program was reached Friday evening, when a banquet, under the auspices of the society, was given in the assembly room. As on the previous evening the dinner was followed by outdoor dancing, but before the party left the dining hall W. H. Ellis expressed the sentiment of all when he paid a deserved tribute to the activities of the Entertainment Committee in providing so bounteous a program.

This committee, which was conspicuous

by its yachting dress, was composed of Frank G. Phegley, chairman; R. S. Mayer, secretary; J. H. Bacon, Jr., treasurer; W. M. Kingsbury and F. H. Valentine. On the ladies' entertainment committee were Mrs. Phegley, Mrs. Bacon, Mrs. Klein and Mrs. Kingsbury.

A clever souvenir of the meeting was provided by the Entertainment Committee, when it distributed to the ladies, during the trip to Nela Park, blue banners bearing the emblem of the society in colors in addition to the word "Cleveland."

The committee also presented to each member and guest a copy of the group photograph taken at Nela Park.

Those Present.

Washington, D. C.-S. F. Gardner. Canada-Norman A. Hill, Toronto, Ont. Illinois S. Morgan Bushnell, C. C. Cheyney, E. J. Claffey, D. I. Cooke, Robt. L. Gifford, H. M. Hart, C. W. Johnson, S. R. Lewis, Pres.; Homer R. Linn, W. E. Marquam, of "Domestic Engineering"; Chas. F. Newport, W. E. Stacey, Jr.; Jas. H. Davis, Chicago.

Indiana-Theo. Weinshank, Indianapolis. Massachusetts-Geo. D. Hoffman, Boston. Michigan-John R. Allen, Ann Arbor; W. F. McDonald, Detroit.

Nebraska-J. D. Hoffman, Lincoln. New Jersey-Wm. D. Braemer and John F. Hale, Camden.

New York-W. H. Carrier, Buffalo; J. J. Blackmore, Sec.; Reginald Pelham Bolton, James A. Donnelly, Treas.; J. I. Lyle, R. W. Pryor, Jr., Frank T. Chapman, D. D. Kimball and A. S. Armagnac, New York City.

Ohio-A. C. Cripps, Akron; F. M. Mechling, Canton; M. L. Foote, Columbus; J. H. Bacon, Jr., A. E. French, Wm. M. Kingsbury, Robt. S. Mayer, Frank G. Phegley and F. H. Valentine, Cleveland; V. L. Brooks and Thomas Tait, Dayton; Oliver H. Schlemmer, Jr., War

ren.

Detroit-Wm. F. McDonald,
Pennsylvania-J. E. McGinness and F. N.
Speller, Pittsburgh.

Wisconsin-H. W. Ellis, Milwaukee.
Guests and Ladies.

Canada-Mr. and Mrs. M. M. Ashworth, Toronto, Ont.

Illinois-C. A. Olson and O. T. Carson, of "Domestic Engineering," Chicago.

Indiana-Mrs. Theo. and Miss Anna Wein

shank, Indianapolis.

Michigan-Mrs. John R. Allen, Ann Arbor; Wm. M. Foster, Mr. and Mrs. C. C. Johnson, Daniel M. Luehrs, J. F. McIntire; H. P. Mishler, Wm. H. Price, all of Detroit; Jas. F. Firestone, Dowagiac.

Nebraska-Mrs J. D. Hoffman, Lincoln. New York-Albert V. H. Spear and Franklin Van Winkle, New York City; W. H. Beckley, Rochester; H. G. Hart, Utica.

Ohio-Frank W. Billman, H. P. Cahill, Milton E. Murphy and W. M. P. Roberts, of Akron; Mr. and Mrs. L. M. Hunter, Chicago Junction; C. A. Anderson, Mrs. J. H. Bacon, Jr., Will Bacon. F. S. Barnum, Chas. F. Beckwith, R. J. Bissett, Mr. and Mrs. F. G. Bridges, W. H. Brewer, W. H. Buerser, Miss Alice Caldwell, Mortimer L. Crowell, S. C. Cutler, J. M. Farley, L. I. Garrett, O. Gehard, C. Gottwald, H. R. Hadlow, H. C. Hewitt, F. R. Quay, Geo. A. John, Mrs. W. M. Kingsbury, A B. Knight,_O._J. Kuenhold, Max Lezius, Mr. and Mrs. T. E. Loughnane, S. F. and J. J. McDonald. J. J. Metcalfe, J. C. and C. M. Miles, J. A. Miller. T G. Mouat, A. K. Park. Mrs. Frank D. and Miss Myrtle Phegley, F. L. Prentiss, E. H. and G. W. Roberts. Mr. and Mrs. C. H. Rock, V. A. Root, Frank Saunders, A. P. Seltzer, Max Sizies, W. H.

Smead, E. A. Stark, R. E. Stokes, O. G. Ward, Harry F. Vaughn, Howard J. Weber, G. A. Winkle, F. H. Winslow and A. C. Yost, all of Cleveland; H. Ray Redington, Elyria; Mr. and Mrs. J. P. Snapp and Adelaide Snapp, Mansfield; G. P. Riegger, Warren.

Pennsylvania-Geo. S. Barrows, Philadelphia; C. F. Hall, J. C. Hobbs and H. C. Shrew, Pittsburgh.

National Warm Air Heating and Ventilating Association.

A new movement in the interests of warm air furnace heating was definitely launched when the recently-organized National Warm Air Heating and Ventilating Association held its first formal convention in Detroit, June 23. President John D. Green opened the meeting and in the course of his address made the interesting statement that there are in this country at the present time 150 manufacurers of warm air heaters and about 30 manufacturers of accessories, such as registers, pipe, etc. The new association has at the present time a membership of 28 manufacturers of warm air heaters and eight accessory manufacturers. He also stated that there are approximately 185,000 warm air heaters made annually in the United States and that the association's present membership of 28 manufacturers makes possibly 100,000 of the total number. He appealed to all warm air furnace manufacturers to join the association.

Secretary Allen W. Williams gave an out-line of the work the association had already undertaken since his appointment last March. Among other things, the association is compiling a full list of the manufacturers of furnaces and accessories, as no complete and reliable list was to be found.

Another movement undertaken by the association is the compilation of manufacturers' systems for computing their costs, with the idea of securing a formula of costs that will be simple and practical. A number of replies have already been received to the secretary's requests in this connection.

Acting upon the direction of the association, the secretary is arranging for the compilation of a list of undesirable salesmen. Under the direction of the committee on salesmen's bureau, the secretary sent a special letter to all furnace and accessory manufacturers, requesting information regarding undesirable salesmen, and explaining the purpose in view. With this letter was enclosed a printed form to be filled out and returned. The replies will be referred as they are received to the proper committee.

Secretary Williams recommended that such subjects as "freight" and such parts of "building codes" as relate to the installation of warm air furnaces might be advantageously placed in the charge of special committees and recognized as proper matters for attention.