only American, except George Peabody, who had ever received it; a breakfast, and later a public meeting, at Glasgow. Then Mr. Garrison, with his son and daughter, returned to the Continent to attend the AntiSlavery Conference, to which he had been accredited as a delegate by the Freedmen's Aid Commission, of which he was one of the vice-presidents. From Paris they went to Switzerland, revelling for a time in the grand and beautiful scenery of that country. Richard D. Webb, of Dublin, was with them there. They just touched the edge of Germany, at Frankfort, and came back through Belgium, enjoying a day at Brussels. Mr. Garrison was sorely tried while on the Continent by his inability to speak the language and converse with the people, and constantly expatiated on the need of a universal language for all the nations of the earth.

Two or three weeks more were spent in England before returning to America. Birmingham gave him a breakfast, and honored him by a public meeting. At Manchester he attended a grand temperance gathering, where he had a hearty reception by an audience of five thousand people. He had two or three delightful interviews, meanwhile, with Mazzini; and, just before sailing for home, he was honored with a private breakfast by a distinguished merchant of Liverpool, at which he met some fifty other guests.

Ten years later, in 1877, in company with his son Frank, Mr. Garrison crossed the Atlantic again, and for the last time. His engagements, during his previous trip, confined him pretty closely to the large, smoky cities, affording him little opportunity for sightseeing. But now, for imperative reasons, and under the instructions of his physician, he refused public meetings, receptions, and the breakfasts of which the English are so fond, and was able to take a great deal of recreation amid the lovely rural scenery of England.

At Liverpool, on landing, he quietly made the acquaintance of Mrs. Josephine E. Butler, the lady who has labored so persistently to procure the repeal of the iniquitous Contagious Diseases acts. He became deeply interested in this cause, and bore his emphatic testimony in its favor as he found opportunity. Wherever he went, he was received with honor, love, and reverence, and found troops of friends who listened to his words with breathless attention and interest. And his private discourse was most noble, inspiring, and uplifting. Whether he spoke of slavery or war, of intemperance or impurity, of the cause of woman, or the question of non-resistance and the inviolability of human life, he enunciated the broad and fundamental principles on which are based all rights and all duties, and with a clearness and axiomatic force that can never be forgotten by those who heard him. "For three days," said a very distinguished lady, after being with him for that time, "we have heard the gospel preached." And one who met him then for the first time, writing since his death, says: "He came among us like a perfected spirit, bearing testimony." The social enjoyment of that visit was very great, as he moved about among the lovely and hospitable homes which everywhere opened wide their doors to welcome him. Delectable days were spent amid the charming scenery of Derbyshire; Oxford, the fine old University town, was visited; a rare fortnight was spent in London in meeting scores of old friends, and having two tender and long-to-be-remembered interviews with John Bright. He went to Somersetshire to see Mr. Bright's daughter, Mrs. Clark; visited Bristol, Warwick and Kenilworth castles, Birmingham, Leeds (to take a final leave of George Thompson), Scarborough (where Sir Harcourt Johnstone, Bart., M. P., gave him a supper), Newcastle-on-Tyne, Edinburgh, and Glasgow, and finally took a delightful trip through the

Highlands and the English Lake District, winding up with a little run into Wales. After twelve weeks of unalloyed enjoyment, he turned his face homeward. As he parted with dear friends, one after another, he said, tenderly, as if feeling that he should never see them again in this life, "If we do not meet again in this world, we surely shall in a better."

American Abolitionists will linger with pride and delight over the record of the honors bestowed upon their beloved and venerated leader by the good and great of the Old World, reading therein the verdict of posterity, and thanking God that they were permitted to bear a part in the great struggle which his illustrious name will forever recall. One thought impresses itself upon my own mind whenever I look at this record. Mr. Garrison, in the course of his visits to Great Britain, spoke many times to great audiences, embracing all classes of the people, from the nobility to the toilers for their daily bread. He was heard by Churchmen and Dissenters, by eminent ministers and laymen of all denominations, by statesmen of every party and philanthropists of every school. On these occasions he spoke just as he was in the habit of speaking at home, never suppressing a truth which he thought should be uttered, or withholding an epithet which he thought needful to characterize slavery or the conduct of its champions and apologists. And yet it seems never to have occurred to his British hearers that he was a man of a bitter spirit, or that his language was "harsh and vituperative." They thought his vocabulary exactly suited to awaken in the minds of Christian and humane men just feelings toward slavery and slaveholders, and heard him always with delight, as a man under the sway of the noblest convictions and purposes that could animate the human soul. If any one chooses to compare the unbounded sympathy of Mr. Garrison's English audiences with

the carping and grumbling of those which he sometimes addressed at home, and to seek for the cause of the difference, he has only to remember that England had no slaves, no slaveholders, and no apologists for slavery; while in almost every American audience there were always some, oftentimes many, who, if not consciously pro-slavery themselves, were yet sensitive to epithets which they thought might hit some kinsman, friend or acquaintance, whose reputation they were concerned to defend. But the faithful champion of the slave could not consent to tip his arrow with wax and draw his bow with only an infant's strength, lest some apologist for oppression should be hurt.

XXII.

Mr. Garrison's Religious Opinions - Changes in Them-No Disturbance of the Foundations-The Charge of Infidelity - Mr. Garrison in Self-Defence His Orthodoxy - His Christian Spirit - Purifying Effects of the Anti-Slavery Movement Moral Influence of the Anti-Slavery Papers-Faith in Free Discussion-Spiritualism.

I AM not aware that Mr. Garrison ever made any systematic statement of his religious opinions. His mind was too much absorbed in the application of moral principles to the conduct of life to permit him to pay much attention to the theological speculations which are so fascinating to many. Those words of the Master, "Seek ye first the kingdom of God, and HIS RIGHTEOUSNESS, seem to have been always in his mind and heart as a rule of life. He was Orthodox at first by inheritance and through the influence of his noble Baptist mother; and he would perhaps have remained so to the end of life, if the attitude of the ministers and churches upon the slavery question had not forced him to investigate certain points which he had supposed were settled beyond controversy. The first of these was the Sabbath question. He was a very strict Sabbatarian in early life, but he thought it eminently proper, in accordance with Christ's humane example, to plead the cause of the enslaved on the Sabbath day. When the pro-slavery clergy availed themselves of the popular superstition to prevent antislavery lecturers from gaining a hearing upon that day, he was set to thinking and reading upon the subject, and the result was a conviction that the views