accuracy and speed: 1. regimus, rēximus, regēmus, regēmur, rēctī sumus, rēxerāmus. 2. regit, regitur, regebat, regēbātur, reget, regétur, rexit, rectus est. 3. regis, regēs, regeris, regēris, regēbās, rēxerās, regēbāris, rēxistī, rectus erās, rēxeris. 4. rēxistis, regētis, regitis, rēxerātis, regēbātis, rēxeritis, rēxērunt, rēxēre. (b) Pronounce and translate: 1. Multī mīlitēs propter virtutem a duce nostrō laudātī sunt; laudabuntur. 2. Legiōnēs novae mediā aestāte conscribentur; cōnscriptae sunt. Dux castra ad flumen Rhenum pōnet; posuit; posuerat. 3. Nōs ipsi patriam nostram defendēmus. Patria a nōbis semper defendetur; defensa est. Sine auxilio nostrō lībertās esse non poterit. 4. Quid tibi dīxit amīcus noster? Multōsne annōs in Gallia fuit? 5. Dux nōs convocavit et periculum magnum nōbīs dēmōnstrăvit. Periculō magnō nōn territi sumus. 6. Tune ipse hiberna vidisti? absunt. Hiberna non longe ab oppidō 7. Prīmā lūce barbarī ē silvīs ēducti sunt et castra oppugnāvērunt. Nostri clamōribus nōn territi sunt. 8. Ego et matrem et patrem de librīs bonis consulam. Dē Rōmānīs cognoscere studeō. 9. Rōmānī agrōs pulchrōs Galliae multos annos defenderunt. 186. The Reflexive Pronouns. In English the compound pronouns are called reflexive pronouns when used as the object of a verb or preposition and separated from the noun or pronoun to which they refer, thus: I blame myself; you blame yourself. In Latin the reflexive pronoun with the first and second persons is expressed by the personal pronoun in the required case, thus: Me culpo, I blame myself; tē culpās, you blame yourself. The reflexive pronoun with the third person is expressed by sui (Gen.), (of) himself, herself, itself, themselves, in the required case, thus: Puer sẽ (Acc. object) laudat, The boy praises himself; Puerī sē (Acc. object) laudant, The boys praise themselves. The reflexive pronoun of the third person usually refers for its identity to the subject of the verb in the clause. The Latin reflexive pronoun of the third person is declined as follows: Singular and Plural Nom. Gen. súi, of himself, herself, itself, themselves Dat. síbi, to (or for) himself, herself, itself, themselves Abl. sẽ or sésē, himself, herself, itself, themselves 2. tē laúdās, you praise yourself 2. vōs laudátis, you praise your selves selves 3. sẽ laúdat, he praises himself, 3. sẽ laúdant, they praise themor she praises herself NOTE. The intensive pronoun is often added to the reflexive for special emphasis, thus: mē ipsum laudō, I praise my own self, or I praise myself (with vocal emphasis in English). With a pronoun of 188. The Reflexive Possessives. the first or second person the corresponding possessive adjective is used reflexively, thus: Ego mātrem meam laudo, I praise my (own) mother; Nōs mātrem nostram laudāmus, We praise our (own) mother. With a noun or pronoun of the third person the re flexive possessive adjective is súus, -a, -um, his own, her own, its own, their own, thus Agricola filium suum laudat, The farmer praises his own son; Puella frātrem suum laudat, The girl praises her own brother.1 189. Exercise. -Express in Latin: 1. You (sing.) praise your books, I (praise) mine. 2. Our friend told me many things concerning the war. 3. He showed us his own sword and horse. 4. The soldiers carry their own grain. 5. Good men do not praise themselves. 1 The Romans often, for special emphasis, used with any possessive adjective the possessive Genitive of the intensive pronoun, thus: Dux militēs suōs ipsīus laudat, the leader praises his own soldiers (lit. his own soldiers of himself). Ipsius is masc. sing. to agree with dux. TRANSLATION EXERCISES 191. A. 1. Prima luce dux ipse milites suōs à flumine abduxit et equites praemisit.. 2. Ubi (when) equites Romānī barbaros viderunt, proelium committere contenderunt. Multi equites sagittis à barbaris vulnerāti sunt. 3. Peditēs tandem equitibus auxilium dederunt; barbarī vērō (but), ubi (when) princeps suus signum dedit, in densīs silvīs salutem petierunt. Multi autem (however) occisi sunt. 4. Dux Romānus explōrātōrēs in silvās dēnsās dīmīsit; deinde concilium convocavit equitumque virtutem magna cum laude commemoravit. A Two-Horse Chariot, or Biga The body of the chariot, richly adorned with leaves, was used for centuries as an episcopal throne 5. Servus ad amicum domini sui cucurrit et veniam (forgiveness) implōrā vit. 6. Iustitia legibus defenditur; defendetur; defensa erit. Vēritatem defendere nos ipsi semper debēmus. 7. Amicus noster magnam pecuniam āmīsit. Magna pecunia ab amico nostrō amissa est. Quid tibi nārrāvit de pecunia suā? Vōsne mē culpatis? B. 1. We shall not seek peace. Peace will not be sought by our allies. 2. Were the scouts sent across the river? Was the battle begun (committō) at dawn? They did not dare to engage in battle. 3. What did the scouts announce to you concerning the river? 4. The fields of the Gauls were being occupied by the Germans. They did not fear the Romans because of (their) small number. 5. Caesar promised aid to the Gauls. The chiefs of Gaul thanked Caesar. 192. Derivation Exercise, Type I. - Select for the notebook five English words related to mittō. LATIN SELECTION 193. QUEEN ELIZABETH AND SIR WALTER RALEIGH Courtesy wins a royal friend. Elisabetha, rēgīna Britannōrum, forte (by chance) cum multis comitibus in via ambulabat. Subito (suddenly) ante pedes multum lutum (mud) vidit. Regīna stābat incerta (uncertain); sed aderat iuvenis (young man); rēgīnam salūtavit et novum pallium (cloak) in luto posuit; tum ad socios recurrit (ran back). Laeta rēgīna super (upon) pallium ambulavit neque pedes maculăvit (soiled). Iuvenis à rēgīnā in numerō amicōrum habitus est. |