311. Preliminary Review. 1. Write the comparison of acer, fortis, audāx, prūdēns, facilis; then form the Positive adverb of each adjective and write its comparison, giving with each degree its meaning. 2. Write the comparison of the irregular adjectives bonus, malus, magnus, parvus, multus; then form the Positive adverb of each adjective and write its comparison, giving with each degree its meaning. 3. Give the comparison of these ten adjectives, and that of their adverbs. 312. Dative with Adjectives. In Latin the Dative is used with certain adjectives, just as their equivalents in English are used with the prepositions to and for. Thus Pater est mihi benignus, Father is kind to me. Here mihi indicates the person to whom the quality expressed by the adjective is directed or referred. Familiar adjectives used with the Dative are: amīcus, friendly, inimicus, unfriendly; aequus, fair, iniquus, unfair; facilis, easy, difficilis, difficult; iūstus, just, iniūstus, unjust; similis, like, dissimilis,2 unlike; idōneus, suitable. 313. Rule. The Dative of Reference is used with certain adjectives to indicate that to which the quality expressed by the adjective is directed or referred. 314. Exercise. Express in Latin: 1. This language is not difficult for me. Is it difficult for you? 2. The leader of 1 Motto of the Johns Hopkins University. 2 The Genitive also is used with similis and its compounds: Frāter est sorōris similis, The brother is like the sister (cf. the expression "the like of "). the enemy was very unjust to all the inhabitants. 315. 3. Caesar 4. The son is like VOCABULARY XXXVII take back, receive sénex, sénis, m. ábdo,3 -ere, ábdidi, ábditus incénsus submíttō, -ere, submísī, submíssus senile vim addition traitor incendiary, incense submit, submission recípio,1-ere, recépī, recéptus recipient, receipt moreover, on the other hand among, at the home of in truth, but not only. but also ... autem (conj. postpositive) apud (prep. w. Acc.) vērō (adv. postpositive) non modō . . . sed etiam 1 In place of litterae (letters, writing, a letter), the Romans often used epistula (from the Greek), a letter; cf. "epistle." 2 vīs has no Genitive singular; the Dative and Ablative singular are vī; the plural is vīrēs (strength), vīrium, vīribus, vīrīs (vīrēs), vīribus. 3 Compounds of -dō are generally of the Third Conjugation. 4 sẽ recipere, to withdraw (lit. to take one's self back); cf. mẽ recipiō, I withdraw, tē recipis, sē recipit, etc. SECOND SECTION TRANSLATION EXERCISES 316. A. 1. Quis vestrum consulis litteras vidit? Apud quem erit hodie cōnsul ipse? 2. Iam tibi Caesar satis magnum auxilium misit; mihi vērō meas legiōnēs reddere non vult (does not wish). 3. Quibus tribuerunt Rōmānī custodiam ignis sacri? 4. Illae cohortes, quae primo sẽ ad flumen recēpērunt, ibi nōn modo sẽ dēdiderunt sed etiam centuriōnēs suōs principi barbarōrum trādiderunt. 5. Nōs quidem ad oppidum longō itinere nōs recipiēmus; võs A Gallic Chief Surrenders to Caesar vērō ad silvam vīcīnam vōs celerrime recipere dēbētis. B. 1. When the barbarians had hidden away all their arms and burned all their buildings, then at last they surrendered to Caesar. 2. My father called together all his family and his most intimate friends; then he read to them the orator's letter. 3. The soldiers were already fighting with very great energy, but new zeal was added to their energy by the words of this old man. 4. Not only has the eighth legion marched to the small mountain, but it has also already 1 to march = iter facere. for a camp. pitched its camp there. It was difficult to find a place suitable 5. Once upon a time a lion suffered greatly from a serious wound; but Androclus easily pulled out the thorn from his foot. 317. A practical joker exchanges the miser's shoes for the consul's. LATIN SELECTION THE MISER'S SHOES Senex, nōmine Albulus, qui dīves et avārus erat, sordidas vestēs gerēbat. Omnēs cīvēs cognoscēbant avārī soleās. Olim senex sẽ lavābat apud thermas (baths) publicās. Interim vir iocōsus locum intravit. Ubi vidit vestimenta (clothes) Albuli, statim calceōs eius cepit. Apud easdem thermās consul sẽ lavābat. What happened then. What became of the shoes. Roman Shoes Postquam Albulus se lavit, calceōs suōs nōn vidit, sed purpureōs (purple) consulis. Deis grātiās ēgit prō tantō (such) mīrāculō, et cum consulis soleīs discessit. Cōnsul vērō ubi suōs calceōs invenire non potuit et cognovit calceōs Albuli, vix continuit īram. Albulum lictōrēs (lictors) ad cōnsulem trāxērunt et accūsāvērunt. Ille multis cum lacrimīs veniam petiit frūstrā. Nam consul aspera võce līctōrēs iussit avārum pūnīre. Deinde Albulus ad Tiberim flumen, quod nōn longe aberat, descendit. Tum, dum magnā vōce exclamat, "Numquam iterum (again) dominum perdētis," calceōs in flūmen abiecit. Carmina morte carent. (Ovid) — Poetry cannot dic CHAPTER XXXVIII ABLATIVE OF SEPARATION FIRST SECTION 318. Preliminary Review. 1. Write the synopsis in the Indicative Active of habeō and moveō; then conjugate all the tenses of each verb. 2. Write the synopsis in the Indicative Active of gerō, mittō, petō, pōnō, accipiō, faciō; then conjugate all the tenses of each verb in order. 319. The Ablative of Separation. — In English we indicate separation or removal by from, away-from, out-from, out-of, down-from. The equivalent Latin prepositions are ā (ab), away-from (from), ẽ (ex), out-from (out-of, from), dē, down-from (from). In Latin with a verb of motion actual separation is regularly expressed, as in English, by a preposition with the Ablative, thus : 1. A flumine castra mōvit, He moved the camp from (awayfrom) the river; 2. Eōdem diē ex urbe discessit, The same day he left the city (lit. the same day he-went-away from (out-from) the city); 3. Prīmā lūce Caesar cōpiās ē castrīs ēdūxit, At dawn Caesar led his troops from the camp (led-out . . . out-from); 4. Incolae dē montibus dēscendērunt et in agmen impetum fecerunt, The inhabitants came-down from (down-from) the mountains and made an attack upon the line. |