Traicit et fāti litora magnus amor. (Propertius) CHAPTER XLI INDIRECT OBJECT WITH CERTAIN INTRANSITIVE VERBS FIRST SECTION 336. Indirect Object with Certain Intransitive Verbs. Certain verbs which are transitive in English are intransitive in Latin. In Latin, therefore, these verbs cannot have a direct object. They may have an indirect object. Their English meanings are: favor, help, please, trust (and their contraries); also believe, persuade, command, obey, serve, resist, envy, threaten, pardon, and spare. Memorize the whole list for future convenience. The more common of these verbs are given in the following Vocabulary (339). NOTE. These Latin verbs are intransitive, because they really have not quite the same meaning as the English verbs used to translate them (which are transitive). A word in one language often represents a thought not fully covered by a word in another language; thus English injure is really somewhat different from noceō, which was felt by the Romans as I-am-harmful (to). Likewise placeō was felt to be not quite like I-please, but rather as I-am-pleasing (to); imperō was felt as Igive-an-order (to), rather than as I-command. The Accusative case of neuter pronouns and neuter adjectives (used as nouns) is often used with these verbs, thus: Id imperat amicus meus, My friend orders this. In the Passive voice these verbs are used only impersonally, and retain the Dative used with the Active, thus: Lēgibus pārētur, The laws are obeyed or obedience is given to the laws (lit. it is obeyed to the laws). 337. Rule. Certain verbs which are transitive in English are intransitive in Latin, and the English object becomes in Latin a Dative of the Indirect Object. In the Passive these verbs are used only impersonally, and the English subject is expressed in Latin by the Dative. 338. Suggestions for Study. -1. Write in a column the English verbs given in 336, and opposite each place its Latin equivalent if given in the following Vocabulary. 2. Write the principal parts of each Latin verb, marking long vowels and the accent. 3. Repeat the English verbs with their Latin equivalents from memory. benefit kindness benefit, benefactor beneficent began 2 trust 3 bene fáciō, -ere, fécī, fáctum coépi, coepisse, coéptus sum believe, intrust to crédō, -ere, crédidī, créditus confide, confident incredible, credit ignoble. odious, odium parsimonious resistance sérviō, -íre, -iī, servítum service 1 minor, threaten, is Passive in form, but Active in meaning. Since it puts aside most of the Active forms, it is called a deponent verb (cf. dēpōnō, I place down, put aside). ōdi, 2 coepī and ōdī lack the Present, Imperfect, and Future tenses. however, has the meaning of a Present. Such verbs are called defective, because they lack certain tenses. 3 Like audeō (174), cōnfīdō is semi-deponent: it has no Active SECOND SECTION TRANSLATION EXERCISES 340. A. 1. Nē hostes quidem ōdisse dēbēmus, nam etiam eis sunt multae virtutēs. 2. Quis potest his nautis bene facere? Ego quidem eīs persuādēre cupīvi, sed verbis meis non satis ab eis creditum est. 3. Tibi ignosco, sed numquam tibi confīdain, nam et mihi et amīcīs meis multum nocuistī. 4. Primum hi cīvēs imperiis meis resistere coeperunt, sed paulo post facillimē illīs ā mē persuasum est. 5. Quid igitur vōbīs ā cōnsule imperātum est? Cur id non facitis? Qui timor est vōbīs? Nonne estis, militēs, līberīs pessimis simillimi? B. 1. That king, who has been pardoned by Caesar, will now serve the Roman state with great diligence. 2. He began to envy this general, whose fame was very great. 3. The lieutenant to whom you gave your letter will have chosen a suitable place for the camp. 4. Not even a private citizen ought to receive favors from the enemy. 5. They believed, but did not pardon, the consul, for their chief had not been spared by him. THE ROMAN HOUSE (Optional) 341. The Roman house usually consisted of two parts, each surrounding a central area toward which the roof sloped inwards. Through the vestibulum (vestibule) one entered the atrium, a large court. In its center, beneath an opening to the sky, was a basin (impluvium) to catch the rain water. The atrium was frequently used as a public reception room. At its rear was the tablinum, or office of the master of the house. forms in the Perfect, Pluperfect, and Future Perfect tenses. The Passive forms have always, however, an active meaning, thus: He trusted his friend, Amīcō cōnfīsus est. The second part of the house began behind the tablinum with 1 the peristŷlium, a Greek portico usually surrounding a garden; about the peristÿlium were the rooms devoted to the home life of the family.2 ROMAN WALL DECORATIONS The Romans did not have wall paper, but decorated their plastered walls with fresco paintings. Favorite pictures were scenes from mythology, also landscapes, gardens, harbors, and fountains.3 1 Like the patio of a Spanish home. 2 Cf. Pellison, Roman Life in Pliny's Time, pp. 58-79. 3 A room from a Roman villa near Pompeii may be seen in the Metropolitan Museum, New York, N. Y. A complete restoration of a Roman house is at Saratoga, N. Y. (the Pompeia). See also the Frontispiece and the illustrations on pages 66, 112, 186, 224. Amicus certus in rē incerta cernitur. (Ennius) CHAPTER XLII FIFTH DECLENSION FIRST SECTION 342. Fifth Declension. Nouns of the Fifth Declension end in -ēs, and are feminine.1 Only two words of this declension (diēs, m., day, and rēs, f., thing) are declined in full; fídēs, f., good faith, has only the singular; spēs, f., hope, has in the plural only the Nominative and Accusative. These nouns are declined as follows: 1 Except dies, m., day, and merīdiēs, m., midday (from media diēs). And diēs is usually feminine when meaning an appointed time, or time in general. |