In reality than those which his doctrines authorize; he adds, that a disciple of the Hahnemannic school, when permitted, under the inspection of a royal commission, to prescribe for hospital patients in Berlin, was discovered attempting to baulk the vigilance of the commissioners, and to administer medicine to the sick by stealth. Homöopathie, however, is not responsible for the occasional sins of its insincere or unskilful votaries.

Homöopathie deals in diet as well as drugs, and proceeds, in this respect, we are bound to say, upon a very simple and intelligible principle. A treatise upon regimen is generally written by some one, whose digestive organs are deranged, and who imagines the rest of mankind to be in the same predicament. He cannot eat butter, nor recline upon his left side, and so advises all to repose on the dexter flank, and to abstain from the pleasing produce of the dairy. But there is no universal law for human stomachs. The Hahnemannists do not venture to enact one. They say only while a patient is taking our tiny doses, he must give them fair play; he must not eat or drink any thing of a medicinal nature, or that would counteract the effect of our prescriptions. Hence all kinds of spices, pepper, mustard, all medicinal herbs, and such vegetables as garlic, onions, beet-root, asparagus, horse-radish, turnips, are rigidly proscribed; of the feathered tribe, ducks, geese, and very juvenile chickens, are not to be eaten; young veal, lamb, pork, and too fat or too salt meats; spirits, liqueurs, and heady or undiluted wines; beer, vinegar, lemons, bitter-almonds, the skin and noyeau of fruits, are condemned. The use of strong perfumes, and of woollen next the skin, is likewise discouraged. The patient may wash ad libitum; but is not to bathe. [Venesection, indeed bleeding of all kinds, is much discouraged by the Homöopaths. Crowded theatres, brilliant concerts, and other exciting scenes, are to be avoided while a patient is taking their prescriptions.] Mental or bodily fatigue, anxious thoughts, and sorrowful recollections, are to be shunned as much as possible. A bore, a dun, and a scolding wife, and, we suppose, a smoky chimney, are among the worst foes to a homöopathic cure. We tremble to add, that tea and coffee are among the articles forbidden. To coffee scarcely any quarter can be given; for Hahnemann has written a book solely upon the deleterious effects of this beverage; and if it be true, that two of the greatest men of this age, Bonaparte and Lord Byron died of using it, our readers will learn caution in time. But for British teadrinkers we have some consolation to offer. A German patient is debarred from it, because tea is so little drunk in Germany, that it acts like medicine when taken by a na

tive; and we have known persons in that country decline a cup of good bohea, with the excuse," No, I thank you; I am quite well at present!" The inveterate sipper of these parts need observe only to drink his tea very weak, and not more than once a-day.

The list of permitted articles of food is sufficiently ampie. Beef, mutton, veal of two months old, well-grown fowls, turkies, game, fish, potatoes, peas, beans, artichokes, spinnage, rice, wheat, barley, macaroni, sago, diluted wine of the lighter sorts, fruits, compotes, cocoa, milk, butter, cheese not very old; all these may be freely used, when there is no impediment in the patient's idiosyncracy. We will add, that we have dined for three weeks consecutively at a foreign table, which could hardly be surpassed in the first establishment of England, and at which, nevertheless, every dish was in the strictest accordance with the rules of Homöopathie. Heinroth condemns the homöopathic diet, because it is not new, and not copious enough in positive directions. But negative rules are the object of Hahnemann; he says you are not to eat, drink, or do any thing hostile to the operations of my physic, but beyond that limitation you may follow your own constitution. While Dr. Heinroth condemns the regimen enforced by Hahnemann, it is strange that in this very regimen he seeks for one solution of the wonders wrought by Homöopathie. In four ways he attempts to find a key to these prodigies. First, the system may work like the methodus exspatativa, by offering no violence to the organization, and leaving free scope for the energies of nature. Or the diseased sensibility of the nervous system may require a very slender operative medicine; of narcoctics, for example, which play a conspicuous part in the "Materia Medica" of Hahnemann, and the virtues of which are far from being yet fully understood. These principles have been already pointed out in the Brownish system, but there it is added that they are to be acted on only in a very high state of excitement; whereas, in diseases not merely nervous, much harm may be done by merely following them, especially in inflammatory cases. Why is it, then, that Heinroth produces no instance of these hurtful effects-and that, in inflammatory disorders, above all others, the method of Hahnemann is said to be successful? Second, the strong hopes raised in the patient by the confidence of his physicians. may be the cause of cure. But would this cause operate in the cases of children, or of insane persons, both of which classes are said to be frequently restored to health by Homöopathie? Third, the cures may be only apparent, and succeeded by fatal relapses. Again, we say, why not bring forward instances? Schwarzenburg died, but his

case is alleged to have been hopeless before he consulted the Homöopaths. Surely, if relapses be frequent under their management, Dr. Heinroth might adduce examples out of forty-two thousand inhabitants of Leipsic, in which number six homöopathic physicians are comprised. Fourth, the diet may be the true conjuror after all in these miracles. We know, from the history of old Cornaro and others, what great effects a strenuous attention to diet will produce; but, though in chronic cases, when months, and even years, are required by the Homöopaths for insuring recovery, the diet may have prodigious influence, how will this apply to the treatment of acute complaints, in which a day or even less is sufficient for the operation of the medicine, and the patients complete restoration? Here we have the cito, tuto, et jucunde of Celsus realized.

There is a tone of earnest and solemn vanity whenever Hahnemann speaks of himself and his pretensions, which provokes not merely laughter, but disgust. "He knows for what end he is here upon the earth;" Homöopathie is the "great gift of God to man,' and a hundred similar phrases, can be tolerated only from the recollection of the writer's country-Germany.

MY FIRST FEE.t

"Fee him, father, fee him."

SEVEN long yearning years had now elapsed since, with the budding anticipation of youthful hope, I had assumed the lugubrious insignia of the bar. During that dreadful time, each morn as old St. Giles tolled the hour of nine, might I be seen insinuating my emaciated figure within the penetralia of the Parliament House, where, begowned and bewigged, and with the zeal of a Powell or a Barclay, I paced about until two. These Peripatetic practices had well nigh ruined me in Wellingtons, and latterly, in shoes. My little Erskine was in pawn; while my tailor and my landlady threw out most damning hints of their long bills and longer credit. I dared not understand them; but consoled myself with the thought, that the day would come when my tailor would cease his dunning and my landlady her

clamour.

I had gone the different circuits, worn and torn my gown, seated myself in awful contemplation on the side benches, maintained angry argument on legal points with some more favoured brother, within earshot

+From the Edinburgh Literary Journal-No.

LXXI.

of a wily writer. In fine, I had resorted to every means that fancy could suggest, or experience dictate; but as yet my eyes had not seen, nor my pocket felt-a fee. Alas! this was denied. I might be said to be, as yet, no barrister; for what is a lawyer without a fee? A nonentity! a shadow! To my grief, I seemed to be fast verging to the latter; and I doubt much whether the "Anatomie vivante" could have stood the comparison-so much had my feeless fast fed on my flesh. I cannot divine the reason for this neglect of my legal services. In my own heart, I had vainly imagined the sufficiency of my tact and subtlety in unravelling a nice point; neither had I been wanting in attention to my studies; for heaven and my landlady can bear witness that my consumption of coal and candle would have sufficed any two ordinary readers. There was not a book or treatise on law which I had not dived into-I was insatiable in literature; but the world and the writers seemed ignorant of my brain-belabouring system, and sedulously determined that my feeling propensities should not be gratified. Never did I meet an agent either in or out of court, but my heart and hand felt a pleasing glow. of hope and of joy at the prospect of pocketing a fee; but how often have they turned their backs without even the mortifying allusion to such a catastrophe! How oft have I turned round in whirling ecstasy as I felt some seemingly patronising palm tap gently on my shoulders, with such a tap as writers' clerks are wont to use; but, oh, ye gods! a grinning wretch merely asked me how I did, and passed on! Nor were my illegal friends more kind. There was an old gentlemen, who, I knew (for I made it my business to inquire) had some thoughts of a law-plea. From him I received an invitation to dinner. Joyfully, as at all times, but more so on this occasion, was the summons obeyed. I had laid a train to introduce the subject of his wrongs at a time which might suit best, and with this plan I commenced my machinations. The old fox was too cunning even for me-he too had his plot, and had hit upon the expedient of obtaining my opinion without a fee!-the skinflint! Long and doubtful was the contest-hint succeeded hint, question after question was put, till at last my entertainer was victorious, and I retired crest-fallen and feeless from the field! By the soul of Erskine, had it not been for his dinners, I should have cut him for ever! Still I grubbed with this one, cultivated an acquaintance with that, but all to no purpose-no one pitied my position. My torments were those of the damned! Hope (not the president) alone buoyed me up-visions of future sovereigns, numerous as those which appeared to Banquo of old, but of a better and moré useful kind, flitted before my charmed imagination. Pride, poverty,

and starvation pushed me on. What! said I, shall it be hinted that I am likely neither to have a fee nor a feed?-tell it not in the First Division-publish it not in the OuterHouse! All my thoughts were riveted to one object to one object all my endeavours were bent, and to accomplish this seemed the ultimatum of bliss. Often have I looked with envy upon the more favoured candidates for judicial fame-those who never return to their domicile or their dinner, but to find their tables groaning with briefs? How different from my case! My case? What case? I have no case!-Not one fee to mock its own desolateness! Months and months passed on-still success came not! The hoped-for event came not-resolution died within me I formed serious intentions of being even with the profession. As the profession had cut me, I intended to have cut the profession. In my wants, I would have robbed, but my hand was withheld by the thought, that the jesters of the stove might taunt me thus-" He could not live, so he died, by the law." I have often thought that there is a great similarity between the hangman and the want of a fee-the one is the finisher of the law, the other of lawyers!

Pondering on my griefs, with my feet on the expiring embers of a sea-coal fire, the chair in that swinging position so much practised and approved in Yankee Landthe seat destined for a clerk occupied by my cat, for I love every thing of the feline species-my cogitations were disturbed by an application for admittance at the outerdoor. It was not the rat-tat of the postman, nor the rising and falling attack of the man of fashion, but a compound of both, which evidently bespoke the knockee unaccustomed to town. I am somewhat curious in knocks -I admire the true principles of the art, by which one may distinguish the peer from the postman-the dun from the dilettante the footman from the furnisher. But there was something in this knock which baffled all my skill; yet sweet withal, thrilling through my heart with a joy unfelt before. Some spirit must have presided in the sound, for it seemed to me the music of the spheres. A short time elapsed, and my landlady opened wide the infernal doors." Now hope cut capers-(Lazenby, thou wert not to blame, for of thy delicacies I dared not even dream!)—now hope cut capers within me! Heavy footsteps were heard in the passage, and one of the lords of the creation marched his calves into the apartment. With alacrity I conveyed my corpus juris to meet him, and, with all civility, I requested him to be seated. My landlady with her apron dusted the arm-chair (I purchased it at a sale of Lord M- 's effects, not causes expecting to catch inspiration). In this said chair my man ensconced his clay. I had VOL. IV. C

66

commenced my survey of his person, when my eyes were attracted by a basilisk-like bunch of papers which the good soul held in his hand. In ecstasy I gazed-characters were marked on them which could not be mistaken; a less keen glance than mine might have discovered their import. My joy was now beyond all bounds, testifying itself by sundry kickings and contortions of the body. I began to fear the worthy man might think me mad, and repent him of his errand-I calmed myself, and sat down. My guest thrust into my hands the papers, and then proceeded to issue letters of open doors against his dexter pocket. His intentions were evident; with difficulty could I restrain myself. For some minutes "he groped about the vast abyss," during which time my agitation increased so much, that I could not have answered one question, even out of that favourite chapter of one of our institutional writers, "On the Institution of Fees." But let me describe the man to whom I owe so much.

He was a short, squat, farmer-looking being, who might have rented some fifty acres or so. Though stinted in his growth upwards, Dame Nature seemed determined to make him amends by an increase of dimension in every other direction. His nose and face spoke volumes-ay, libraries of punch and ale; these potations had also made themselves manifested lower down, by the magnitude of the belligerent powers. There was in his phiz a cunning leer, in his figure a knowing tournure, which was still further heightened by his dress; this consisted of a green coat, which gave evident signs of its utter incapability of ever being identified with Stultz; cords and continuations encased the lower parts of his carcass ; a belcher his throat; while the whole was surmounted by a castor of most preposterous breadth of brim, and shallow capacity. But in this man's appearance there was a something which pleased me-something of a nature superior to other mortals. I might have been prejudiced, but his face and figure seemed to me more beautiful than morning.

Never did I gaze with a more complacent benevolence on a breeches' pocket. At last he succeeded in dragging from its depths a huge old stocking, through which "the yellow lettered Geordies keeked." With what raptures did I look on that old stocking, the produce, I presumed, of the stocking of his farm. It seemed to possess the power of fascination, for my eyes could not quit it. Even when my client (for now I calculated upon him)-even when my client began to speak, my attention still wandered to the stocking. He told me of a dispute with his landlord, about some matters relating to his farm, that he was wronged, and would have the law of the land, though he should spend his last shilling (here I looked with increased

raptures at the stocking). On the recommendation of the minister (good man!) he had sought me for advice. He then opened wide the jaws of his homely purse-he inserted his paw-now my heart beat-he made a jingling noise-my heart beat quicker still-he pulled forth his two interesting fingers-Oh, ecstasy! he pressed five guineas into my extended hand-they touched the virgin palm, and oh! ye gods! I was FEED!!!

THE LATE EMPRESS OF BRAZIL. †

THE Emperor of Brazil dreading the consequences of the growing spirit which was spreading through the southern states, resolved in person to arrest its progress, as he bad done on former occasions; and, on the 24th of November, 1826, he embarked for the Isle of St. Catherine, Rio Grande, from whence he landed on the continent, and proceeded to the frontiers. The circumstance connected with the departure was the cause of a domestic calamity which has been deeply felt and deplored all over Brazil. It is far from my desire to communicate to you the private scandal which circulates at Rio as profusely as in Europe; but I wish to give you a faithful detail of events which involve the morals and happiness of a people, without respect to persons; for public opinion is a tribunal before which every one must appear, and the higher his rank in society, the more he is amenable to its decisions. On visiting the province of St. Paul's on a former occasion, he had met with a lady who had attracted his attention in no ordinary degree: by the connivance, it is said of her own brother, an interview was arranged, and from that time he became attached to her to a passionate excess. He created her Marchioness of Santos-built a palace for her close by that at S. Christovão-acknowledged her child as his own, by the title of Duchess of Goyaz, and so far forgot what was due to the private feelings of her he was bound to cherish and respect, that he had this person appointed one of the ladies-in-waiting to his wife. These are matters of public notoriety, of which the evidence exists in the facts themselves. They were borne with a meek and uncomplaining submission by the empress; but on the night of his embarkation for St. Catherine's, a circumstance occurred which roused even her gentle spirit. She had acquiesced, from a sense of duty, in such arrangements

+ From Dr. Walsh's Letters from Brazil. London,

1830. The young lady who so lately touched on England on her voyage to Paris,

as her husband was pleased to make'; but she would not sacrifice the respect she owed herself, by visiting her unworthy attendant, nor seem to countenance vice by such a public mark of apparent approbation; a painful discussion took place, and immediately after his departure, the empress was taken alarmingly ill. The indications of her illness commenced with great severity, she being then in the first stage of preg nancy. The bulletins of her health, published at the time, which I have read, contain details of symptoms with an indelicate, indeed I may say, a disgusting accuracy, which I am not disposed to copy or translate. They were principally affections connected with her state, and seriously afflicting her with spasmodic and nervous attacks. The whole science of Brazilian medicine was exhausted, and the enumeration of "epispasticos, friçcoes, sanguesuxes, banhos, catharticos, antispasmodicos, nauseates," and divers other means which are pompously detailed, afford abundant proof how much she must have suffered, both from doctors and disease. Beside the aid of medicine, every thing was resorted to which the religion of the country prescribed as efficacious on solemn occasions-processions of the different religious orders, and visitations of images of reputed sanctity. Among these, one is gravely mentioned, which can hardly fail to excite a melancholy smile, even on so sad an occasion. Her particular patroness, and at whose shrine she paid assiduous adoration during her lifetime, was Nossa Senhora da Gloria; she, therefore, was particularly interested in her recovery, and "the people," said one account, "could not see without the strongest emotion of piety, her image, which never condescended to issue from its temple, for the first time, on this occasion, under a heavy shower of rain, visiting the princess, who never failed on Sundays to be found at the foot of her altar." Alas, poor lady! even such condescension was as unavailing as the medicines under which she suffered. On the 2d of December, premature labour came on; she was delivered of a male child a few months old, and experienced some slight remission of the symptoms; but they soon after returned with such violence, that all hope of life was abandoned. It was then that her very amiable disposition displayed itself. After having humbly received the last rites of her church, she called around her all the domestics of her establishment, and while they stood, shedding tears of real sympathy and feeling, beside her bed, she asked them in succession whether she had injured or offended them by word or deed, as she could not leave the world with the impression on her mind that any one remembered aught against her, for which she could make reparation. The whole tenor of

her domestic life had been so good and condescending to others, that nothing could be recollected that was not so, and her attendants only answered by irrepressible sobs and tears, which her humility and kindness had excited. On this occasion, it is said, the person who had been the cause of all her domestic afflictions was proceeding to her apartment; but as she was the last person whom she could wish to see about her, a representation was made on the impropriety of her entering the empress's chamber, and adding by her presence to the sufferings of her imperial mistress. Yet she persisted, in right of her office as camareira, in making her way, with a total disregard of all feeling and sense of propriety on such a solemn occasion, notwithstanding strong remonstrances made to her; and was hardly at length repulsed by the firmness and good sense of some of the attendants, who were afterwards dismissed for their interference. On the 11th of December, at ten o'clock in the morning, the empress was relieved from her acute sufferings by death, having to the last sustained her illness with a meek and pious fortitude. She perished in the prime of life, and just before in apparent health, at the early age of twenty-nine years ten months and nineteen days. Her funeral was conducted with a pomp and splendour hitherto unknown in Brazil.

are worn by the mineiros. She wrapped herself up in a clumsy great coat and a man's hat, and in this way sat herself astride on a horse, and rode through all parts of the town. It is true, this mode of riding is always practised in the provinces, and I have never seen a woman there ride otherwise; and she adopted it from a wish to conciliate, in complying with the customs of the people among whom she came to reside; though in Rio, where European habits and the usages of more polished countries have modelled the opinious of the natives, it is considered as coarse and indelicate. When she became a mother, she was as negligent of her person at home as abroad. Her hair, which was long and without curl, she suffered to hang lank and loose about her face and shoulders; and the defects of her person became every day more conspicuous. She had a large Austrian nether lip, and the thick neck which is characteristic of the people of Vienna, and gives them the appearance of being bossu. When she first appeared as a bride, with all the advantages of youth and dress, these defects were not apparent; but when neglect and indifference, and the duties of a mother succeeded, they were but too conspicuous, and added, it is said, to the estrangement of her husband, who was himself scrupulously neat in his person, as all the Brazilians are, and exacted a similar attention from those about him. I have heard her much censured for this neglect of herself, as an attention to her person might have secured to her the enduring affections of her husband, as well as his high esteem, which she never lost. But these trifling faults, if faults they could be called, were lost in her many amiable and excellent qualities. Her charity was SO boundless, that she never could resist an application. When she went abroad, she carried her pocket full of silver, which she took pleasure in distributing to every one in distress. In this way, her allowance could never keep pace with her generosity. She was a most kind and indulgent mistress to every one around her; an affectionate mother, and a dutiful and submissive wife, under all her provocations. She added to this a conduct the most correct and blameless, and an unaffected affability and condescension in her high state, which every body felt and acknowledged. Her love of literature and the fine arts was a distinguished feature in her character; and her talent for letter-writing, both in French, and her native language, is highly spoken of, which she exercised with effect for the benefit of Brazil. Her father-in-law, Dom John, equally loved and respected her; and it was her letter to him that effectually reconciled him to the recognition of the independence of the country. I have been

There, were, however, parts of this solemnity which were no less affecting than they were rational and appropriate to the sad occasion. Of all such ceremony, the beijamão, or kissing the hand, forins an essential part. The hand of the deceased is extended, and for the last time those who loved and respected the living, come to take an affectionate leave of all that remained of them. On this occasion her children approached to pay this solemn duty to their mother. They were led respectively by the chamberlains of the court to the side of the coffin, and there kissed her extended hand. They were all too young to feel any strong impression of what they were doing, except the eldest, Dona Maria. The young Queen of Portugal, I am told, showed extraordinary sensibility for her age. She sobbed and wept bitterly, and seemed deeply and affectionately impressed with the recollection of her good mother.

When the empress first came to Brazil, she is represented as exceedingly engaging and lovely; her fair skin, clear complexion, blue eyes, and blond hair, were pleasingly contrasted with the dark locks, brown tint, and sallow visages, of the ladies about her. But she soon neglected these advantages; she had not the least personal vanity, and became utterly careless of her appearance, as of a thing altogether of no consideration. She went abroad with large thick boots, loaded with great tarnished spurs, such as